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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-5-4-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-1080</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вакцины против Covid-19: сравнительная оценка рисков аденовирусных векторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vaccines against Covid-19: the Comparative Estimates of Risks in Adenovirus Vectors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харченко</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharchenko</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Петрович Харченко – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>194223, Санкт-Петербург, пр. Тореза, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eugene P. Kharchenko – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), leader researcher</p><p>194223, St. Petersburg, Toreza pr., 44</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neuro.children@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И. М. Сеченова» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харченко Е.П., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харченко Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharchenko E.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1080">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1080</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Три вакцины, сконструированные на основе разных аденовирусных векторов, несущих S-белок коронавируса SARS-Cov-2, уже находятся на третьей стадии клинических испытаний. Из них оксфордская вакцина СhAdOx1 nCov-19 вызвала у испытуемых неврологические осложнения.</p><p>Цель данного исследования состояла в иммуноинформационном анализе белков аденовирусов и нервной и иммунной систем человека на содержание в них гомологичных последовательностей, в оценке потенциальных рисков использования аденовирусных векторов и обсуждении возможных механизмов индуцирования ими иммунного поражения нервной системы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для компьютерного анализа были использованы последовательности 449 белков нервной системы и 278 белков ИС человека. В анализ были включены 8 структурных белков аденовирусов (таблицы 1-3) НАд5, НАд26 , ChАдY25 и SAd3, а также S-белок коронавируса SARS-Cov-2. Источником первичных структур белков служили доступные по Интернету базы данных (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, www.nextprot.org, <ext-link xlink:href="http://viralzone.expasy.org/" ext-link-type="uri">http://viralzone.expasy.org</ext-link>. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среди исследованных штаммов аденовирус ChАdY25 отличался наиболее высоким содержанием последовательностей, гомологичных белкам нервной системы человека (а также к белкам иммунной системы), которые могли бы индуцировать иммуновоспалительное повреждение в организме. У аденовируса НАд26 наименьшее количество гомологичных последовательностей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Среди исследованных аденовирусных векторов у аденовируса ChАdY25, используемого в оксфордской вакцине СhAdOx1nCov-19, потенциально наибольший риск вызывать неврологические осложнения из-за высокой иммунной уязвимости нервной системы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The vaccine against the SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus is considered as the most promising approach to curb (tame) a current pandemic and prevent new one. Three vaccines (AstraZeneca’s СhAdOx1 nCov-19, CanSino’s vaccine and Russia’s Sputnik V one) are in Phase III clinical trials and have the S protein as immunogen but different adenovirus vectors. It is known adverse neurological events associated with the СhAdOx1 nCov-19 vacсine.</p><p>Aim is to investigate the distribution of homologous sequences of adenovirus proteins in human nervous and immune systems proteins, estimate potential risks of using adenovirus vectors in vaccines and discuss possible mechanisms inducing immune damage in the nervous system.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. For the computer analysis of peptide (immune epitope) relationship between adenovirus structural proteins and human proteins, the search of homologous sequences was made. All protein sequences were used from databases available on the INTERNET.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Among adenoviruses (НАд5, НАд26 , ChАдY25, and SAd3) ChАдY25 has the highest content of sequences homologous to human nervous system proteins that may be the cause of autoimmune complications in vaccination.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: In AstraZeneca’s СhAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine there are a large number of peptide sequences homologous to human nervous system proteins and it allows to predict the possible risks with this vaccine.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вакцины</kwd><kwd>аденовирусы</kwd><kwd>векторы</kwd><kwd>Covid-19</kwd><kwd>нервная система</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vaccines</kwd><kwd>Covid-19</kwd><kwd>adenoviruses</kwd><kwd>vector</kwd><kwd>complication</kwd><kwd>nervous system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Logunov DY, Dolzhikova IV, Zubkova OV, et al. 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