epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-5-18-24epidemiology-1081Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESКоронавирусная инфекция и BCG вакцинация: факты и возможностиCoronavirus Infection and BCG Vaccination: Facts and Possibilitieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9958-8104КаральникБ. В.KaralnikB. V.

Каральник Борис Вольфович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Научного медицинского общества, Научного центра гигиены и эпидемиологии им. Хамзы Жуматова, филиал Национального центра общественного здравоохранения

Алматы

Karalnik Boris V. – Dr. Sci. (Med.) (microbiology), professor (immunology), chief researcher of Scientific Medical Society, Kh. Zhumatov Scientific Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, branch of National Center for Public Health

Almaty

bvkaralnik@gmail.comАлимбековаБ. И.AlimbekovaB. I.ЕралиеваЛ. Т.EralievaL. T.Научное медицинское общество; Научный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии им. Хамзы Жуматова, филиал Национального центра общественного здравоохраненияКазахстанScientific Medical SocietyKazakhstanНаучный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии им. Хамзы Жуматова, филиал Национального центра общественного здравоохраненияКазахстанScientific Medical Society; Kh. Zhumatov Scientific Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, branch of National Center for Public HealthKazakhstanНациональный научный центр фтизиопульмонологииКазахстанNational Scientific center of PhthisiopulmonologyKazakhstan2020101120201951824Copyright © Каральник Б.В., Алимбекова Б.И., Ералиева Л.Т., 20202020Каральник Б.В., Алимбекова Б.И., Ералиева Л.Т.Karalnik B.V., Alimbekova B.I., Eralieva L.T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1081

Актуальность проблемы защиты от Covid-19 с помощью БЦЖ-вакцинации имеет важное значение не только для коронавирусных инфекций и должна рассматриваться с общебиологических и иммунологических (система врожденного иммунитета) позиций.

Цель

Цель. На основе анализа известных научных фактов обсудить роль липидных компонентов и некоторых вакцин в стимуляции системы врожденного иммунитета, в частности – в индукции гетерологического иммунного ответа и защиты от различных патогенов, включая SARS-Cov-19.

Заключение

Заключение. Анализ данных 51 научной публикации, включающей результаты исследований с применением различных методов от иммунологических (in vitro и in vivo) до эпидемиологических, выявил реальные возможности гетерологической защиты от различных инфекций с помощью иммунизации БЦЖ и, по некоторым данным, коревой вакциной. Одновременно с этим возник ряд пока остающихся неясными вопросов: какова длительность гетерологической защиты; каково оптимальное время введения BCG по отношению к периоду вспышки опасной инфекции, урон от которой необходимо уменьшить. Проанализированные в обзоре материалы обосновывают целесообразность проведения дальнейших исследований и возможность использования уже накопленных данных для защиты, в первую очередь лиц из групп риска, от опасных инфекций, особенно в период, когда вакцин против них еще нет. Проведенный анализ позволяет также ожидать развития нового направления – системной вакцинопрофилактики.

Relevance

Relevance. The relevance of protection against SARS-Cov-19 by means of BCG vaccination is important not only with respect to coronavirus infections. That issue should be considered in light of overall biological and immunological pillars (innate immunity system).

Aims

Aims. To consider the role of the lipid components and certain vaccines in stimulation of the innate immunity system, in particular, in induction of the heterogenous immune response and protection against various pathogens, including Covid-19, based on analysis of known scientific facts.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The relevant database has been analyzed (51 scientific publications), including studies with application of various methods from immunological tests (in vitro and in vivo) to epidemiological trials. The analysis revealed the meaningful potential of heterogenous protection against various infections by means of BCG immunization, and according to some data, measles vaccine capacity. Simultaneously on the basis of performed analysis, the following issues that so far remained unclear have been identified: what is the duration of heterogenous protection; what is the optimal timing for BCG administration as related to the outbreak period of dangerous infection for the sake of decrease of its harm. The analyzed materials of that review substantiate the rationale for further continuation of the scientific studies and possibility for application of already accumulated data in order to protect, primarily the risk groups, against dangerous infections, especially in the timeframe when no relevant vaccines are available. Besides, the conducted review serves as the leverage for expected development of the new preventive medicine dimension – the systemic vaccine prophylaxis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.