epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-1-4-19epidemiology-1174Research ArticleПРОБЛЕМНАЯ СТАТЬЯPROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLEВакцины против Covid-19: сравнения, ограничения, спад пандемии и перспектива ОРВИVaccines against Covid-19: Comparison, Limitations, the Decrease of Pandemic and the Perspective of Viral RespiratoryХарченкоЕ. П.KharchenkoE. P.

Евгений Петрович Харченко – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

194223, Санкт-Петербург, пр. Тореза, 44.

Eugene P. Kharchenko – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), leader researcher

194223, Russia, St. Petersburg, Toreza pr., 44. 

neuro.children@mail.ruФГБУН «Институт эволюционной физиологиии и биохимии им. И. М. Сеченова» РАНРоссияSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and BiochemistryRussian Federation202113032021201419Copyright © Харченко Е.П., 20212021Харченко Е.П.Kharchenko E.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1174Актуальность

Актуальность. Вакцины рассматриваются как эффективное средство для контроля распространения пандемии Covid-19, и их разработка, анализ и сравнение их свойств представляется важным для выявления среди них наиболее безопасной и эффективной. К концу 2020 г. два типа вакцин (векторная и мРНК) были лицензированы для вакцинации населения.

Цель

Цель. Сравнить особенности зарегистрированных вакцин и описать ограничения.

Выводы

Выводы. Поскольку оба типа вакцин обнаруживают высокую эффективность в индукции антител к SARS-Cov-2 (у более 90% привитых), полезность обоих типов вакцин в блокировании распространения пандемии Covid-19 не подлежит сомнению. В обеих вакцинах S-белок в итоге служит источником иммуноэпитопов, и они имеют ограничения для применения. Вакцинам с мРНК свойственны серьезные осложнения, наименьший потенциал в формировании натренированного иммунитета, реализуемого врожденной иммунной системой, и показана возможность включения их в геном прививаемых. Низкая частота случаев гриппа в текущем эпидсезоне служит свидетельством интерференции между SARS-Cov-2 и вирусами гриппа. По прошествии пандемии Covid-19 в эпидсезонах среди вирусов, вызывающих ОРВИ, возможно, будут превалировать коронавирусы. В России начавшийся в январе – феврале спад заражаемости Covid-19 обусловлен, по-видимому, сформировавшимся ранее гетерогенным коллективным иммунитетом.

Relevance

Relevance. Vaccines are regarded as an effective means for control of the Covid-19 pandemic spreading and their search, analysis, and comparison of their features are important for elucidating the most safe and effective one.

Aim

Aim. At the end of 2020 two types of vaccines (viral based vaccines and mRNA vaccines) have been licensed to vaccinate. The aim is to compare their features for objective substantiation of their application.

Conclusions

Conclusions. As both vaccine types have high effectiveness in inducing antibodies to SARS-Cov-2 (in more 90% recipients) the utility of each vaccine type in blocking the Covid-19 pandemic spreading is beyond doubt. In both vaccine types eventually S protein is the antigen source, and they have limitations for vaccination. In comparison with the vector vaccines mRNA vaccines may induce serious complications, have the least potential to induce trained immunity and can be included into the recipient’s genome. The low frequency of influenza cases in the current epidemic season serves as an of interference between SARS-Cov-2 and influenza viruses. In epidemic seasons after the Covid-19 pandemic coronaviruses may dominate amongst viruses inducing acute respiratory viruses diseases. It is likely that the decline of the Covid-19 case count (in December-January) in Russia is determined by the heterologous collective immunity formed earlier.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.