<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-1-20-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-1175</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности формирования гуморального иммунитета у лиц с различными клиническими проявлениями COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the Formation of Humoral Immunity in Individuals with Various Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-854X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Александровна Платонова – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая эпидемиологическим отделом ООО «УГМК-Здоровье», врач-эпидемиолог</p><p>620144, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Шейнкмана, д.113</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Platonova – Cand. Sci. (Med.), head of the epidemiological Department epidemiologist</p><p>Sheinkmana str., 113, Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620144</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fill.1990@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-2165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubkova2</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алла Александровна Голубкова – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи</p><p>111123, г. Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3а.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla A. Golubkova – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor Head of department, leading researcher of the laboratory of infections associated with the provision of medical care</p><p>Novogireevskaya str., 3A, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">allagolubkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6236-4916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карбовничая</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karbovnichaya</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Карбовничая – заведующая клинико-диагностической лабораторией </p><p>620144, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Шейнкмана, д.113</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Karbovnichaya – head of the clinical and diagnostic laboratory</p><p>Sheinkmana str., 113, Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620144</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KarbovnichaiaEA@ugmk-clinic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9749-4611</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Сергеевна Смирнова – кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель Урало-Сибирского научно-методического центра по профилактике инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи Екатеринбургского НИИ вирусных инфекций Государственного научного центра вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»;  доцент кафедры эпидемиологии, социальной гигиены и организации госсанэпидслужбы Уральского государственного медицинского университета</p><p>620030, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Летняя, д.23; 620028, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, д.3. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana S. Smirnova – Cand. Sci. (Med.), head of the Ural-Siberian Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention of Infections Associated with the Provision of Medical Assistance, Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections of State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector»; associate Professor of the Department of epidemiology, social hygiene and organization of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of Ural state medical University»</p><p>Letnyaya str. 23 Ekaterinburg 620030; Repin str., 3, Yekaterinburg, 620028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smirnova_ss69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Европейский медицинский центр «УГМК-Здоровье»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>European medical center «UMMC-Health»,</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central research Institute of epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Екатеринбургский НИИ вирусных инфекций ФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора; &#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infectionsof State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector»; &#13;
Ural state medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Платонова Т.А., Голубкова А.А., Карбовничая Е.А., Смирнова С.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Платонова Т.А., Голубкова А.А., Карбовничая Е.А., Смирнова С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Platonova T.A., Golubkova2 A.A., Karbovnichaya E.A., Smirnova S.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1175">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1175</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В условиях пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) особую актуальность приобретают исследования по изучению особенностей формирования иммунного ответа к SARS-CoV-2 у переболевших различными клиническими формами этой инфекции, что имеет важное значение для понимания степени их участия в формировании популяционного иммунитета и оценки индивидуальной невосприимчивости к SARS-CoV-2 в последующем. </p><p>Цель исследования – проанализировать сроки формирования специфических антител к SARS-CoV-2 и продолжительность их сохранения у переболевших новой коронавирусной инфекцией. </p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Оценка сроков формирования специфических антител трех классов (IgА, IgМ и IgG) к SARS-CoV-2 у 218 пациентов проведена в первые дни заболевания. В последующем их обследовали повторно в различные сроки от начала заболевания, от одного до четырех раз (суммарно 321 точка контроля). Для оценки продолжительности сохранения антител к COVID-19 у переболевших было организовано проспективное исследование, в котором приняли участие 368 человек. Обследование для определения специфических антител класса G проводили каждые 2-4 недели, в сроки от одного до восьми месяцев от начала клинических проявлений COVID-19. Суммарно – 919 точек контроля. Антитела исследовали методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа с использованием тест-систем SARS-CoV-2-IgМ-ИФА-БЕСТ и SARS-CoV-2-IgG-ИФАБЕСТ (производитель АО «ВЕКТОР-БЕСТ») и «Антигма А» (производитель «Генериум»). </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. У большинства обследованных лиц антитела классов М и G начинали формироваться с 10-го дня болезни, тогда как антитела класса А выявляли начиная с 5-го дня. При легких и бессимптомных формах коронавирусной инфекции IgG-антитела к SARS-CoV-2 в большинстве случаев не формировались, а уровни серопротекции коррелировали с тяжестью перенесенного заболевания. Продолжительность сохранения IgG-антител могла составлять не менее 8 месяцев, однако имели место единичные случаи их элиминации как после COVID-19 в форме ОРВИ, так и после перенесенной интерстициальной пневмонии. При сохраняющемся неблагополучии по COVID-19 случаев повторного заболевания среди лиц, сформировавших G-антитела (в том числе и утративших их через 4–5 мес. после заболевания), в течение периода наблюдения не было зарегистрировано. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, по итогам проведенного исследования получены важные материалы по особенностям формирования гуморального иммунного ответа к новой коронавирусной инфекции. Однако для полного понимания иммунного ответа к SARS-CoV-2 необходима оценка авидности IgG-антител или их способности к вируснейтрализации, а также изучение клеточного иммунитета у переболевших COVID-19, но не сформировавших антитела.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance In the context of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic, research on the formation of an immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with various clinical forms of this infection is of particular relevance, which is important for understanding the degree of their participation in the formation of population immunity and assessing individual immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the future. </p><p>Aim of the study was to analyze the timing of the formation of specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the duration of their preservation in patients with a new coronavirus infection. </p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The timing of the formation of specific antibodies of three classes (IgA, IgM and IgG) to SARS-CoV-2 in 218 patients was evaluated in the first days of the disease. Subsequently, they were re-examined at various times from the onset of the disease, from one to four times (a total of 321 control points). To assess the duration of preservation of antibodies to COVID-19 in patients who were ill, a prospective study was organized, in which 368 people participated. Screening for specific class G antibodies was performed every 2–4 weeks, within one to eight months of the onset of clinical manifestations of COVID-19. In total 919 control points. The antibodies were examined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using the SARS-CoV-2IgM-ELISA-BEST and SARS-CoV-2-IgG-ELISA-BEST test systems (manufactured by VECTOR-BEST JSC) and Antigma A (manufactured by Generium). </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In most of the examined individuals, class M and G antibodies began to form from day 10 of the disease, while class A antibodies were detected from day 5. In mild and asymptomatic forms of coronavirus infection, IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were not formed in most cases, and seroprotection levels correlated with the severity of the disease. The duration of preservation of IgG antibodies could be at least 8 months, but there were isolated cases of their elimination both after COVID-19 in the form of respiratory infection and after interstitial pneumonia. With continuing problems with COVID-19, there were no cases of recurrent disease among individuals who formed G-antibodies (including those who lost them 4-5 months after the disease) during the follow-up period. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thus, according to the results of the study, important materials were obtained on the peculiarities of the formation of a humoral immune response to a new coronavirus infection. However, to fully understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to assess the avidity of IgG antibodies or their ability to neutralizing the virus, as well as to study cellular immunity in patients who have had COVID-19 but have not formed antibodies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>гуморальный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>особенности формирования</kwd><kwd>продолжительность Конфликт интересов не заявлен</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>humoral immunity</kwd><kwd>features of formation</kwd><kwd>duration No conflict of interest to declare</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брико Н. И., Каграманян И. Н., Никифоров В. В. и др. Пандемия COVID-19. Меры борьбы с ее распространением в Российской Федерации //Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2020;19(2):4–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Briko NI, Kagramanyan IN, Nikiforov VV, et al. Pandemic COVID-19. Prevention Measures in the Russian Federation. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2020;19(2):4–12. https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-2-4-12 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щелканов М. Ю., Колобухина Л. В., Бургасова О. А. и др. COVID-19: этиология, клиника, лечение. Инфекция и иммунитет. 2020. Т. 10, № 3. С. 421–445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shchelkanov M.Yu., Kolobukhina L.V., Burgasova O.A., Kruzhkova I.S., Maleev V.V. COVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2020;10(3):421-445 (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-CEC-1473</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коронавирус. Онлайн-карта распространения коронавирусной инфекции. Доступно на: https://coronavirus-monitor.ru/(дата обращения 05.01.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The coronavirus. Online map of the spread of coronavirus infection Available at: https://coronavirus-monitor.ru/(accessed 05.01.2021) (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коронавирус. Онлайн-карта коронавирусной инфекции. Статистика. Доступно на: https://coronavirus-monitor.info/(дата обращения 05.01.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The coronavirus. Online map of coronavirus infection. Statistics. Available at: https://coronavirus-monitor.info/ (accessed 05.01.2021) (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оперативные данные. Коронавирус COVID-19. Официальная информация. Доступно на: https://xn--80aesfpebagmfblc0a.xn--p1ai/information/ (дата обращения 05.01.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Operational data. Coronavirus COVID-19. Official information. Available at: https://xn--80aesfpebagmfblc0a.xn--p1ai/information/(accessed 05.01.2021) (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alserehi Н.А., Alqunaibet А.М., Al-Tawfiq J.A., et al. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia: comparing case and control hospitals. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2021. Vol. 99, Issue 3, Р.115273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115273</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alserehi НА, Alqunaibet АМ, Al-Tawfiq JA, et al. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia: comparing case and control hospitals. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2021, 99(3):115273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115273</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rao V.U.S., Arakeri G., Subash A., et al. COVID-19: Loss of bridging between innate and adaptive immunity? Med Hypotheses. 2020. N144: Р.109861.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao VUS, Arakeri G, Subash A, et al. COVID-19: Loss ofbridgingbetweeninnateandadaptiveimmunity? Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:109861. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109861.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ni L., Ye F., Cheng M.L., et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals. Immunity. 2020. Vol. 52. N6. P. 971–977.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ni L, Ye F, Cheng ML, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals. Immunity. 2020;52(6):971–977. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang L., Liu S., Liu J., et al. COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020. Vol.5. N1. P.128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang L, Liu S, Liu J, et al. COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5(1):128. doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00243-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paces J., Strizova Z., Smrz D., et al. COVID-19 and the immune system. Physiol Res. 2020. Vol. 69. N3. P. 379–388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paces J, Strizova Z, Smrz D, et al. COVID-19 and the immune system. Physiol Res. 2020;69(3):379-388. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kadkhoda K. COVID-19: an Immunopathological View. mSphere. 2020. Vol. 5. N2. P. 00344–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadkhoda K. COVID-19: an Immunopathological View. mSphere. 2020;5(2):e00344-20. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00344-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altmann D.M., Douek D.C., Boyton R.J.. What policy makers need to know about COVID-19 protective immunity. Lancet. 2020. Vol. 395. N.10236. P. 1527–1529.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altmann DM, Douek DC, Boyton RJ. What policy makers need to know about COVID-19 protective immunity. Lancet. 2020;395(10236):1527–1529. doi: 10.1016/S01406736(20)30985-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cox R.J., Brokstad K.A. Not just antibodies: B cells and T cells mediate immunity to COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020. Vol. 20. N10. P. 581–582.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cox RJ, Brokstad KA. Not just antibodies: B cells and T cells mediate immunity to COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(10):581–582. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-00436-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chowdhury M.A., Hossain N., Kashem M.A., et al. Immune response in COVID-19: A review. J Infect Public Health. 2020. Vol. 13. N11. P. 1619–1629.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chowdhury MA, Hossain N, Kashem MA, et al. Immune response in COVID-19: A review. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(11):1619–1629. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma H., Zeng W., He H., et al. Serum IgA, IgM, and IgG responses in COVID-19. Cell Mol Immunol. 2020. Vol. 17. N7. P. 773–775.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma H, Zeng W, He H, et al. Serum IgA, IgM, and IgG responses in COVID-19. Cell Mol Immunol. 2020;17(7):773–775. doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-0474-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paces J., Strizova Z., Smrz D., et al. COVID-19 and the immune system. Physiol Res. 2020. Vol. 69. N.3. P. 379–388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paces J, Strizova Z, Smrz D, et al. COVID-19 and the immune system. Physiol Res. 2020;69(3):379–388. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Juno J.A., Tan H.X., Lee W.S., et al. Humoral and circulating follicular helper T cell responses in recovered patients with COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020. Vol. 26. N.9. P. 1428–1434.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juno JA, Tan HX, Lee WS, et al. Humoral and circulating follicular helper T cell responses in recovered patients with COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020;26(9):1428–1434. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0995-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
