epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-1-76-91epidemiology-1184Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWРазличные технологии получения пневмококковых иммуногенов:определение новых подходов к их разработкеDifferent Technologies for Obtaining Pneumococcal ImmunogensГруберИ. М.GruberI. M.

Ирина Мироновна Грубер – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая лабораторией экспериментальной микробиологии

105064, Москва, Малый Казённый переулок, 5А.

Irina M. Gruber – Dr. Sci (Med), professor Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology

5A Malyy Kazonnyy pereulok, Moscow, 105064

igruber_instmech@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-4141КукинаО. М.KukinaO. M.

Ольга Максимовна Кукина – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной микробиологии

105064, Москва, Малый Казённый переулок, 5А.

Olga M. Kukina – junior researcher of the Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology

5A Malyy Kazonnyy pereulok, Moscow, 105064

ukina1994@mail.ruЕгороваН. Б.Egorova,N. B

Надежда Борисовна Егорова – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории терапевтических вакцин

105064, Москва, Малый Казённый переулок, 5А.

Nadezhda B. Egorova – Dr. Sci (Med), professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, leading researcher of Laboratory Therapeutic Vaccines

5A Malyy Kazonnyy pereulok, Moscow, 105064

vmegorova@mail.ruЖигуноваО. В.ZhigunovaO. V.

Ольга Валерьевна Жигунова – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной микробиологии

105064, Москва, Малый Казённый переулок, 5А.

Olga V. Zhigunova – junior researcher of the Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology

5A Malyy Kazonnyy pereulok, Moscow, 105064

kileva@mail.ruФГБНУ НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И. И. МечниковаРоссияMechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and SeraRussian Federation2021130320212017691Copyright © Грубер И.М., Кукина О.М., Егорова Н.Б., Жигунова О.В., 20212021Грубер И.М., Кукина О.М., Егорова Н.Б., Жигунова О.В.Gruber I.M., Kukina O.M., Egorova, N.B., Zhigunova O.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1184Актуальность

Актуальность. Применение во всем мире пневмококковых вакцин, в частности конъюгированных (PCV), привело к значительному снижению частоты инвазивных пневмококковых заболеваний у вакцинированных детей и у непривитых людей всех возрастов как при носительстве, так и при увеличении резистентности пневмококка к антибиотикам. Однако «невакцинные» серотипы и бескапсульные (нетипируемые) штаммы стали основными причинами пневмококковых заболеваний. Это требует новых подходов при разработке вакцин, способных привести к серотипнезависимой защите, особенно детей, пожилых и иммунокомпрометированных людей. Пневмококковая вакцина должна защищать от широкого спектра серотипов, индуцировать мукозальный и системный иммунитет, снижать первичную назальную колонизацию и инвазивные формы.

Цель

Цель. Обзор посвящен анализу экспериментальных разработок инновационных вакцин на основе протективных белковых антигенов (PPV) с капсульными полисахаридами, адъювантами, системой доставки антигена, а также инактивированных цельноклеточных (WCV) и живых аттенуированных. Особое внимание уделено методам мукозальной иммунизации, учитывая тропизм пневмококка к слизистым верхних и нижних дыхательных путей.

Заключение

Заключение. На данном этапе наиболее перспективными представляются препараты на основе бактериальных лизатов (РWCV) и протективных белковых антигенов (PspA, dPly), а также этих антигенов в сочетании с адъювантами и, возможно, с некоторыми этиологически наиболее значимыми капсульными полисахаридами.

Relevance

Relevance. The worldwide use of pneumococcal vaccines, in particular conjugated vaccines (PCV), has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal diseases in both vaccinated children and unvaccinated people of all ages. However, "non-vaccine" serotypes and capsule-free (non-typed) strains have become the main causes of pneumococcal disease, as with carriage, with an increase in antibiotic resistance. This requires new approaches in the development of vaccines that can lead to serotype-independent protection, especially in children, the elderly and immunocompromised people. The pneumococcal vaccine should protect against a wide range of serotypes, induce mucosal and systemic immunity, and reduce primary nasal colonization, as well as invasive forms.

Aim

Aim. The review is devoted to the analysis of experimental development of innovative vaccines based on protective protein antigens (PPV), including in combination with capsular polysaccharides, using adjuvants or antigen delivery systems, as well as inactivated whole cell preparations (WCV) and live attenuated vaccines. Particular attention is paid to the methods of mucosal immunization, taking into account the tropism of pneumococcus in relation to the mucous membranes of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Conclusion

Conclusion. At this stage, the most developed and promising are drugs based on bacterial lysates (PWCV) and protective protein antigens (PspA, dPly), as well as these antigens mixed with adjuvants, and, possibly, with some etiologically most significant capsular polysaccharides.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.