epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-3-118-128epidemiology-1296Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWДиарея путешественников: решенные и нерешенные вопросыTravelers' Diarrhea: Resolved and Unresolved Issueshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-6946ЕровиченковА. А.ErovichenkovА. A.

Александр Анатольевич Еровиченков  – д. м. н., профессор, ведущий специалист по клиническим исследованиям; профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней. 

Москва

Alexander A. Erovichenkov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, leading researcher Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development

Moscow

alexerov1@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2570-711XПшеничнаяН. Ю.PshenichnayaN. Yu.

Наталья Юрьевна Пшеничная  – д. м. н., профессор, зам. директора по клинико-аналитической работе

Москва

Natalia Yu. Pshenichnaya – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Deputy Director on clinical and analytical work 

Moscow

natalia-pshenichnaya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-4145ИшмухаметовА. А.IshmukhametovA. A.

Айдар Айратович Ишмухаметов  – член-корреспондент РАН, д. м. н., профессор, генеральный директор; заведующий кафедрой организации и  технологии производства иммунобиологических препаратов 

Москва

Aydar A. Ishmukhametov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, General Director

Moscow

Aydar.ishmuhkametov@remedium.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0171ГореловА. В.GorelovA. V.

Александр Васильевич Горелов – член-корреспондент РАН, д. м. н., профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе 

Москва

Alexander V. Gorelov – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Deputy Director for Research

Moscow

crie@crie.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044АкимкинВ. Г.AkimkinV. G.

Василий Геннадиевич Акимкин – академик РАН, д. м. н., профессор, директор

Москва

Vasiliy G. Akimkin – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Academician of the RAS, Professor, Director-in-chief 

Moscow

crie@crie.ruФГБНУ «ФНЦ исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М. П. Чумакова РАН»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РоссииРоссияChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» РоспотребнадзораРоссияFederal Budget Institute of Science «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology»Russian FederationФГБНУ «ФНЦ исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М. П. Чумакова РАН»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences; Sechenov UniversityRussian Federation202120072021203118128Copyright © Еровиченков А.А., Пшеничная Н.Ю., Ишмухаметов А.А., Горелов А.В., Акимкин В.Г., 20212021Еровиченков А.А., Пшеничная Н.Ю., Ишмухаметов А.А., Горелов А.В., Акимкин В.Г.Erovichenkov А.A., Pshenichnaya N.Y., Ishmukhametov A.A., Gorelov A.V., Akimkin V.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1296Актуальность

Актуальность. Диарея путешественников – самая распространенная проблема со здоровьем у приблизительно 70% путешествующих, особенно при посещении развивающихся стран. Вопросы изучения и разработки научно-практических подходов к профилактике, оценке рисков и лечению диареи путешественников продолжают оставаться в центре внимания специалистов в области эпидемиологии, инфекционных болезней и медицины путешествий во всем мире.

Цель – систематизация и обобщение новых данных о различных клинико-эпидемиологических аспектах диареи путешественников.

Заключение

Заключение. Анализ современной научной литературы позволил выделить риски для путешественников, связанные с направлением путешествия и состоянием их здоровья. Самый высокий риск развития диареи путешественников (от 20 до 90%) регистрируется у людей, посещающих страны Ближнего Востока, Южной и Юго-Восточной Азии, Центральной и Южной Америки, Африки. Регистрируется высокий риск развития диареи путешественников у детей младше 4 лет. Возбудители острых бактериальных кишечных инфекций могут быть причиной до 80– 90% всех случаев диареи путешественников. В большинстве случаев диарея путешественников протекает в легкой форме. Обращаются за медицинской помощью от 5 до 15% заболевших. Для этиотропной терапии рекомендовано использование в частности азитромицина и ципрофлоксацина. Сформулированы рекомендации для самостоятельной терапии диареи путешественников. Консультации путешественников перед поездкой позволят снизить риски развития диареи путешественников.

Relevance

Relevance. Travel diarrhea is the most common health problem in travelers, affecting up to 70% of travelers, especially when traveling to developing countries. Research and development of scientific and practical approaches to the prevention, risk assessment and treatment of travelers' diarrhea continues to be the focus of attention of specialists in the field of epidemiology, infectious diseases and travel medicine around the world.

Aim of the study

Aim of the study: systematization and synthesis of new data on various clinical and epidemiological aspects of travelers' diarrhea.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Analysis of modern scientific literature has made it possible to identify the risks for travelers associated with the direction of travel and the state of their own health. The highest risk of developing traveler's diarrhea (from 20% to 90%) is recorded in people visiting the countries of the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Africa. There is a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea in children under 4 years of age. The causative agents of acute bacterial intestinal infections can account for up to 80% -90% of all cases of travelers' diarrhea. In most cases, travelers' diarrhea is mild. Seeking medical care is observed from 5% to 15% of cases. For etiotropic therapy, the use of azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and other drugs is recommended. Recommendations for self-management of traveler's diarrhea have been formulated. Pre-trip travel advice will help reduce the risks of travelers' diarrhea.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.