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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-4-89-102</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-1322</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная характеристика очередного подъема заболеваемости COVID-19 в различных регионах мира</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Characteristics of a Subsequent Morbidity Wave COVID-19 in Various Regions of the World</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8775-7297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баврина</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bavrina</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Петровна Баврина – к. б. н., доцент</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p><p>+7 (904) 040-16-94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna P. Bavrina – Cand. Sci. (Bio.), associate professor</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p><p>Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annabavr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-4712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саперкин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saperkin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саперкин Николай Валентинович, к. м. н., доцент</p><p>603074, Россия, Нижний Новгород, ул. Бурнаковская, д. 53, кв. 76</p><p>+7 (903) 847-45-89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saperkin Nikolai V., Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor</p><p>53-76, Burnakovskaya ul., Nizhny Novgorod, 603074, Russia</p><p>+7 (903) 847-45-89</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saperkinnv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-8191</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Другова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drugova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Валентиновна Другова – к. б. н., доцент</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p><p>+7 (960) 184-72-24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Drugova – Cand. Sci. (Bio.), associate professor</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p><p>+7 (960) 184-72-24</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgadrugova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-6199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карякин</surname><given-names>Н. H.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karjakin</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Николаевич Карякин – д. м. н., ректор</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p><p>+7 (831) 422-12-50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai N. Karyakin – Dr. Sci. (Med.), rector</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p><p>+7 (831) 422-12-50</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rector@pimunn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-4712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалишена</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalishena</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Васильевна Ковалишена – д. м. н., заведующая кафедрой эпидемиологии, микробиологии и доказательной медицины</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p><p>+7 (903) 608-39-08</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Kovalishena – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Evidence-Based Medicine</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p><p>+7 (903) 608-39-08</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalishena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баврина А.П., Саперкин Н.В., Другова О.В., Карякин Н.H., Ковалишена О.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баврина А.П., Саперкин Н.В., Другова О.В., Карякин Н.H., Ковалишена О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bavrina A.P., Saperkin N.V., Drugova O.V., Karjakin N.N., Kovalishena O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1322">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1322</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Пандемия COVID-19 характеризуется длительным волнообразным течением. Одним из направлений динамической оценки заболеваемости этой инфекцией является, как известно, характеристика детерминант эпидемического процесса и изучение реальной эффективности различных мер противодействия инфекции.</p><p>Цель исследования заключалась в изучении особенностей заболеваемости COVID-19 в европейском, американском и азиатском регионах мира на примере отдельных стран с оценкой возможного влияния режимно-ограничительных мероприятий на суточный прирост заболевших.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Описательно-оценочное эпидемиологическое исследование предусматривало использование следующих данных о COVID-19: суточный прирост новых случаев инфекции в абсолютных числах и относительных показателях за шестимесячный период (1.06.2020–30.11.2020 г.) в 5 странах (Франция, Италия, США, Бразилия, Индия), описание и сроки проведения различных ограничительных мер. Информация получена из открытых источников (оперативные отчеты ВОЗ, CDC, ECDC, национальных министерств здравоохранения и пр.). Динамические ряды характеризовали, определяя резко отличающиеся величины, сроки и длительность подъемов и спадов заболеваемости, темп ее среднесуточного прироста (убыли).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В среднем за анализируемый период времени в Италии зарегистрировано 1303, Франции – 4897, США – 52799, Бразилии – 31853, Индии – 50507 новых случаев COVID-19. Средний показатель инцидентности в сравниваемых странах находился в пределах от 500,98 ± 417,060/00000 в Индии до 4399,43±2390,770/00000 в США. После прохождения «первой волны» заболеваемости COVID-19 вне зависимости от региона мира наблюдалось нарастание суточного прироста новых случаев заражения SARS-CoV-2 в летне–осенний период 2020 г. При различиях в уровне заболеваемости населения разных стран имелись и сходные для региона характеристики. Для европейского региона (Италия, Франция) отмечено одновременное начало подъема заболеваемости в августе–сентябре 2020 г., похожая тенденция к экспоненциальному росту и синхронные колебания суточного прироста абсолютных случаев заболеваний. Для стран американского региона (США и Бразилия) выявлен сходный синусоидальный характер динамики показателя среднесуточного прироста случаев инфекции и его синхронность до октября 2020 г. Азиатский регион, на примере Индии, имел существенные отличия по динамике анализируемых показателей по сравнению со странами европейского и американского регионов. Различия в формировании заболеваемости в летне–осенний период были более выражены между регионами и касались уровня среднесуточного прироста, показателя инцидентности, месяца максимального подьема заболеваемости в данный период, трендовых различий. Сопоставление проводимых режимно-ограничительных мероприятий с динамикой суточного прироста случаев заболеваний выявило факты их несоответствия. Это могло создать предпосылки для активизации эпидемического процесса инфекции и неэффективности мероприятий.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На фоне сходного развития ситуации в пяти рассмотренных странах в различных регионах мира присутствовала специфика в вовлечении территории в эпидемический процесс. Целесообразно более углубленное изучение своевременности и полноты режимно-ограничительных мероприятий в сопоставлении с закономерностями формирования и проявлениями эпидемического процесса для научно-обоснованного проведения и повышения их эффективности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic is characterized by a long undulating course. One of the directions of the dynamic assessment of the incidence of this infection is, as is known, the characterization of the determinants of the epidemic process and the study of the actual effectiveness of various measures.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims. Were to study the features of the COVID-19 morbidity in the European, American and Asian regions of the world on the example of individual countries with an assessment of the possible impact of regime-restrictive measures on the daily increase in cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials &amp; methods</title><p>Materials &amp; methods. A descriptive epidemiological study involved the use of the following data on COVID-19: daily increase in new infections in absolute numbers and relative indicators during 1 June 2020 till 30 November 2020 in five countries (France, Italy, USA, Brazil, India) , description and timing of various restrictive measures. Information obtained from open sources (situation reports from WHO, CDC, ECDC, national ministries of health, etc.). Time series characterized, defining sharply differing values, timing and duration of ups and downs, the rate of average daily growth (decline). Statistical analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. On average, for the analyzed period of time, 1303 were registered in Italy, 4897, France – 52799, Brazil – 31853, India –50507new cases. The average incidence rate in the compared countries ranged from 500.98 ± 417.06 per 100,000 in India to 4399.43 ± 2390.77 per 100,000 in the US. After the passage of the «first wave» of the incidence of COVID-19, regardless of the region of the world, there was an increase in the daily increase in new cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the summer-autumn period of 2020. Furthermore, with the differences in the morbidity rates in the different countries, there were also characteristics the formation of similar to the region. For the European region (Italy, France), there was a simultaneous beginning of an increase in the incidence in August-September 2020, a similar trend towards exponential growth and synchronous fluctuations in the daily increase in absolute cases of diseases. For the countries of the American region (USA and Brazil), a similar sinusoidal nature of the dynamics of the average daily increase in infection cases and its synchronicity until October 2020 was revealed. The Asian region, on the example of India, had significant differences in the dynamics of the analyzed indicators in comparison with the countries of the European and American regions. Differences in the formation of morbidity in the summerautumn period were more pronounced between the regions and related to the level of average daily growth, the incidence rate, the month of the maximum rise in the incidence in this period, and trend differences. Comparison of the ongoing isolation measures with the daily increase in cases revealed their discrepancy. This could create the preconditions for the activation of the epidemic process of infection and the ineffectiveness of measures.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. We found that in the five countries examined, the situation developed according to a similar scenario. Nevertheless, in different regions of the world there was a specificity in the involvement of the territory in the epidemic process. A more in-depth study of the timeliness and completeness of regime-restrictive measures against SOCID-19 should include a comparison with the patterns of formation and manifestations of the epidemic process. In turn, this is important for scientifically based implementation and increasing their effectiveness.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV2</kwd><kwd>коронавирус</kwd><kwd>карантин</kwd><kwd>пандемия</kwd><kwd>вторая волна</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV2</kwd><kwd>novel coronavirus</kwd><kwd>quarantine</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>second wave</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meo S.A., Alhowikan A.M., Al-Khlaiwi T., et al. Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics comparison with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. 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