epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-4-114-122epidemiology-1326Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWТяжелая лихорадка с тромбоцитопеническим синдромом: современная эпидемиологическая ситуацияSevere Fever with Thrombocytopenic Syndrome: Current Epidemiological Situationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-479XАндаевЕ. И.AndaevE. I.

Андаев Евгений Иванович, д. м. н., заместитель директора по общим вопросам и организационно-методической работе

664047, г. Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера,78

+7 (3952) 22-00-70; факс: +7 (3952) 22-01-40

Andaev Evgeny I., Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director for General Issues and Organizational and Methodological Work

Irkutsk

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e.andaev@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3690-3992АдельшинР. В.AdelshinR. V.

Ренат Викторович Адельшин – старший научный сотрудник лаборатории природно-очаговых вирусных инфекций; доцент кафедры микробиологии биолого-почвенного факультета

г. Иркутск

+7 (3952) 22-01-39

 

Irkutsk

 

adelshin@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4201-5828БалахоновС. В.BalakhonovS. V.

Сергей Владимирович Балахонов – директор

г. Иркутск

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Sergey V. Balakhonov – Director

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balakhonov.irk@mail.ruФКУЗ Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт РоспотребнадзораРоссияIrkutsk Anti-Plague Institute Research of Siberia and Far EastRussian FederationФКУЗ Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ «Иркутский государственный университет»РоссияIrkutsk Anti-Plague Institute Research of Siberia and Far East; Irkutsk State UniversityRussian Federation202104092021204114122Copyright © Андаев Е.И., Адельшин Р.В., Балахонов С.В., 20212021Андаев Е.И., Адельшин Р.В., Балахонов С.В.Andaev E.I., Adelshin R.V., Balakhonov S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1326Актуальность

Актуальность. Тяжелая лихорадка с тромбоцитопеническим синдромом (severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS)) – вирусное заболевание, характеризующееся острой лихорадкой, сопровождающееся прогрессирующей тромбоцитопенией, лейкопенией и высокой летальностью (до 30%). Заболевание впервые было выявлено в 2009 г. в сельских районах центрального Китая – Хубэй и Хэнань. Возбудителем болезни является новый вирус, получивший название вирус тяжелой лихорадки с тромбоцитопеническим синдромом (severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV)). SFTSV передается в основном через укусы клещей, особенно Haemaphysalis longicornis, который является доминирующим видом клещей в Восточной Азии.

Цель – анализ актуальной информации о тяжелой лихорадке с тромбоцитопеническим синдромом, включая молекулярно- генетическую характеристику возбудителя, клинические проявления, географическое распространение, эпидемиологические особенности, а также возможность завоза и распространения инфекции на территории Российской Федерации.

Выводы

Выводы. SFTS является серьезной проблемой здравоохранения, так как относится к новым и возвращающимся инфекциям. Дальней- шее распространение SFTS в Китае может осложнить эпидемиологическую ситуацию в стране. SFTSV может иметь гораздо более широкое распространение в Юго-Восточной Азии, чем известно сейчас. Прогнозируется риск распространения клещей H. longicornis на северо-востоке США, в Новую Зеландию, некоторые части Австралии и на несколько островов Тихого океана. Наличие переносчика H. longicornis на территории Приморского края на Дальнем Востоке свидетельствует о возможном риске формирования природного очага в случае интродукции возбудителя.

Relevance

Relevance. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is a viral disease characterized by acute fever, accompanied by progressive thrombocytopenia, leucopenia. The mortality is up to 30%. The disease was first identified in 2009 in rural areas of central China, Hubei and Henan. The causative agent of the disease is a new Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV). The SFTSV is mainly transmitted through tick bites, especially Haemaphysalis longicornis which is the dominant tick species in East Asia.

The aim of the review is to analyze relevant information about Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, including the molecular genetics features of the pathogen, clinical manifestations, geographical distribution, epidemiological features, as well as the possibility of drift and spread of infection in the Russian Federation.

Conclusions

Conclusions. SFTS is a serious health threat as it relates to new and re-emerging infections. The further spread of SFTS in China may complicate the epidemiological situation in the country. SFTSV may have a much wider global distribution in Southeast Asia than is currently known. The risk of H. longicornis ticks spreading is predicted in the north-east United States, New Zealand, parts of Australia and several Pacific islands. The presence of the H. longicornis in the Primorsky Territory on the Far East indicates a possible risk of the natural focus formation in the event of the introduction of the pathogen.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.