epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-6-88-99epidemiology-1404Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWНа путях к индивидуализации вакцинации: значение возраста и полаOn the Road to Individualization of Vaccination: the Significance of Age and Sexhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9958-8104КаральникБ. В.KaralnikB. V.

Борис Вольфович Каральник  – д. м. н. (микробиология), профессор (иммунология), главный научный сотрудник, Общественное Объединение «Научно-медицинское общество»

Республика КазахстанТел. +7 27 303 10 89, +7 (705) 302-86-78

Boris V. Karalnik – Dr. Sci. (Med.) (microbiology), professor (immunology), chief researcher Public Association «Medical Scientific Society»

Republic of KazakhstanTel. +7 27 303 10 89, +7 (705) 302-86-78

bvkaralnik@gmail.comОбщественное Объединение «Научно-медицинское общество»; Научный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии им. Х. Жуматова, филиал Национального Центра общественного здравоохраненияКазахстанPublic Association «Medical Scientific Society»; Kh. Zhumatov Scientific Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, branch of the National Center for Public HealthKazakhstan2021060120222068899Copyright © Каральник Б.В., 20222022Каральник Б.В.Karalnik B.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1404

Актуальность. Высокая вариабельность защиты от инфекций, контролируемых вакцинацией, включая COVID-19, является одной из актуальных проблем инфектологии. Цель. На основе анализа результатов научных публикаций и отчетов проанализирована роль факторов возраста и пола, их взаимодействия и основных механизмов в иммунном ответе на вакцины, в совершенствовании вакцин и схем вакцинации. Заключение. Показано, что вакцинопрофилактика всегда развивалась в направлении индивидуализации, проходя этапы определения целевых групп и разработки схем иммунизации различных групп. Проанализированы полученные в последние десятилетия важные данные о значении генетических и внешних факторов, в частности, возраста и пола, в вариабельности ответа на вакцины. Анализ роли таких факторов выполнен также для коронавирусных вакцин. Обсуждены необходимость и возможности очередных действий, которые могут обеспечить оптимальные ответы различных людей на вакцинацию.

Relevance. The high variability of protection against vaccine-controlled infections, including COVID-19, is one of the actual problem of infectology. Aim. Based on the results of scientific publications and reports, the role of age and sex factors, their interactions and the main mechanisms in the immune response to vaccines, in the improvement of vaccines and vaccination regimens, has been analyzed. Conclusion. It has been shown that vaccine prophylaxis has always developed in the direction of individualization, going through the stages of defining target groups and developing immunization schemes for various groups. The important data obtained in recent decades on the importance of genetic and external factors, in particular, age and sex, in the variability of response to vaccines are analyzed. Analysis of the role of such factors has also been performed for coronavirus vaccines. The necessity and possibilities of next steps that can provide optimal responses of different people to vaccination were discussed.

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