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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-1-4-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-1452</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый метод распознавания иммуноэпитопов, маркеры долговременного иммунитета, иммуносупрессивные домены и вакцины против COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Novel Method of Immunoepitope Recognition, Long-Term Immunity Markers, Immunosuppressive Domens and Vaccines against COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харченко</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharchenko</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Харченко Евгений Петрович, д. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>194223, Санкт-Петербург, пр. Тореза, 44</p><p>8(904)338-22-80</p><p> </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eugene P. Kharchenko – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), leader researcher</p><p>194223, St. Petersburg, Toreza pr., 44. +7 (904) 338-22-80,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neuro.children@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт эволюционной физиологиии и биохимии им. И. М. Сеченова» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харченко Е.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харченко Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharchenko E.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1452">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1452</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Поиск компьютерных методов с высокой эффективностью распознавания иммуноэпитопов и прогнозирование долговременности индуцируемого ими иммунитета определяется прежде всего необходимостью быстрого создания вакцин против вновь возникших инфекций, особенно в периоды пандемий. Цель. Разработка нового иммуноинформационного метода распознавания иммуноэпитопов, выявление в первичной структуре вирусных белков возможных маркеров их потенциала индуцировать долговременный иммунитет и в оценке ими вакцин против COVID-19. Материалы и методы. Для компьютерного анализа использовались доступные в Интернете базы данных иммуноэпитопов длиною в 15 и 9 аминокислот, рестриктированных соответственно по МНС I и МНС II, и пептидов, не связывающихся с МНС, а также белков человека и вирусов. Алгоритм дискриминации иммуноэпитопов основывался на позиционном различении в их первичных структурах специфичных коротких пептидов. Результаты. «Инвентаризация» в обучающих выборках ди- и трипептидов или пентапептидов иммуноэпитопов и неиммуноэпитопов позволяет безошибочно распознать в контрольных выборках до 93–97% иммуноэпитопов, рестриктированных по МНС I и МНС II. В белках разных субъединичных вакцин, вызывающих длительный иммунитет, доминируют аминокислоты (особенно пролина), составляющие основу внутренне дезорганизованных областей, и пролин-содержащие дипептиды, что позволяет рассматривать их как биомаркеры потенциала вирусного белка формировать долговременную иммунную память. Вывод. Метод распознавания иммуноэпитопов и биомаркер индуцирования долговременной иммунной памяти могут быть использованы как биоинформативные инструменты вычислительной вакцинологии. Обеспечение долговременного иммунитета вакцинами на основе белка S коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 маловероятно.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance of searching for computer methods with high efficiency of immunoepitopes recognition and predicting the longevity of the immunity they induce is determined primarily by the need to quickly create vaccines against newly emerging infections, especially during pandemic periods. Aim. To develop a new immunoinformation method for recognizing immunoepitopes, to identify in the viral proteins possible potential markers to induce long-term immunity and to evaluate by them the vaccines against Covid-19. Materials and methods. For computer analysis, an Internet-accessible databases of immunoep topes 15 and 9 amino acids long, restricted respectively by MHC I and MHC II, and peptides not binding to MHC, as well as human and virus proteins, were used. The algorithm for discriminating immunoepitopes was based on positional distinction of specific short peptides in their primary structures. Results. The «inventory» in the training samples of di- and tripeptides or pentapeptides of immunoepitopes and nonimmunoepitopes makes it possible to accurately recognize in the control samples up to 93–97% of immunoepitopes restricted by MHC I and MHC II. Comparison of the amino acid composition of proteins of subunit vaccines causing long-term immunity revealed dominance of amino acids (especially proline), which form the basis of internally disorganized regions, and proline-containing dipeptides, that allowed them to be considered as biomarkers of the potential of a viral protein to form a long-term immune memory.In the S-protein of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 two candidates for immunospressive domains are present and the dominance of proline and dipeptides containing it is absent. Conclusion. The immunoepitope recognition method and the biomarker for inducing longterm immune memory can be used as immunoinformative tools of computational vaccinology. Providing long-term immunity by vaccines based on the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 protein S is unlikely.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммуноэпитопы</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>иммунная память</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессивные домены</kwd><kwd>коронавирусы</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование Конфликт интересов не заявлен.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunoepitopes</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>immune memory</kwd><kwd>immunosuppressive domains</kwd><kwd>coronaviruses</kwd><kwd>prediction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joglekar AV, Li G. T cell antigen discovery. Nature Methods. 2020. Doi:10.1038/s41592-020-0867-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joglekar AV, Li G. T cell antigen discovery. Nature Methods. 2020. 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