<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-4-37-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-1610</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Oценка гуморального иммунитета к некоторым вакциноконтролируемым инфекциям у медицинских работников инфекционных стационаров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunity to Vaccine-Preventable Infections in Healthcare Professionals Working in Infectious Diseases Hospitals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6730-6843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самодова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samodova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Викторовна Самодова – д. м. н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой инфекционных болезней</p><p>163069, Архангельск, пр. Троицкий, 51. +7 911 563-00-65</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Samodova – Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, Head of infectious diseases de partment</p><p>Troitsky av., 51, Arkhangelsk, 163069</p><p>+7 911 563-00-65</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ovsamodova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кригер</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krieger</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Анатольевна Кригер – к. м. н., доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней</p><p>163069, Архангельск, пр. Троицкий, 51. +7 950 963 57 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Krieger– Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor of infectious diseases department</p><p>Troitsky av., 51, Arkhangelsk, 163069</p><p>+7 950 963 57 11</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kate-krieger@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогушина</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogushina</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Леонидовна Рогушина – к. м. н., доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней</p><p>163069, Архангельск, пр. Троицкий, 51</p><p>+7 911 564-01-72</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal’ya L. Rogushina – Cand. Sci. (Med.) Associate professor of infectious diseases department</p><p>Troitsky av., 51, Arkhangelsk, 163069</p><p>+7 911 564-01-72</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shishovanl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Северный государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern state medical university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Самодова О.В., Кригер Е.А., Рогушина Н.Л., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самодова О.В., Кригер Е.А., Рогушина Н.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samodova O.V., Krieger E.A., Rogushina N.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1610">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1610</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Определение состояния гуморального иммунитета к вакциноконтролируемым заболеваниям у работников медицинских организаций является актуальным для оценки риска инфицирования в процессе профессиональной деятель ности. Цель. Оценка гуморального иммунитета к вакциноконтролируемым инфекциям: коклюшу, гриппу А, гепатитам А и В, новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) у медицинских работников инфекционных стационаров. Материалы и методы. Проведено поперечное исследование с участием 252 медицинских работников Архангельской области, включавшее опрос и определение уровня иммуноглобулинов класса G к Bordetella pertussis, вирусу гриппа А вирусу гепатита А, к HBsAg и HBcAg вируса гепатита В, к вирусу SARS-COV-2 методом иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты и обсуждение. Доля медицинских работников серонегативных к коклюшу составила 46.8%, к гриппу – 31,4%, к гепатиту А –52,4%, к гепатиту В – 27.5%, к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 – 29,8%. У 8,0% обследованных уровень антител к Bordetella pertussis свидетельствовал о недавно перенесенной инфекции. Наибольшая доля серонегативных в отношении коклюша (55,2%) отмечена в возрастной группе моложе 30 лет. Более 80% медицинских работников были вакцинированы против сезонного гриппа А в течение года, 67,6% из них были серопозитивными. Более половины (51,8%) привитых, но серонегативных к гриппу медицинских работников составили лица старше 50 лет. Специфические IgG к вирусу гепатита А определялись в крови 47,6% обследованных, 52,4% мед работников были серонегативными. Привиты против гепатита В 86,9% медработников, у 78,5% из них имелся защитный титр антител к HBsAg, остальные обследованные (21,5%) нуждаются в ревакцинации. Доля серопозитивных в отношении вируса SARS-CoV-2 составила 57,5%, сомнительный результат был получен у 12,7% обследованных. Доля серонегативных среди болевших ранее COVID-19 составила 40%, среди привитых – 17,4%. Заключение. Проведенное исследование позволило дать комплексную оценку гуморального иммунитета к наиболее актуальным вакциноконтролируемым инфекциям: коклюшу, гриппу А, вирусным гепатитам и новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) у медицинских работников инфекционных стационаров.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. During the ongoing pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), assessment of humoral immunity to vaccine preventable diseases in healthcare workers is crucial to estimate the risk of healthcare-associated infections. Aim. To assess the humoral immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases: whooping cough, influenza A, viral hepatitis A and B, new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), in healthcare professionals working with infectious patients. Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study enrolling 252 healthcare workers, which included a survey and assessment of immunoglobulins G to Bordetella pertussis, influenza A virus, hepatitis A virus, HBsAg and HBcAg of hepatitis B virus, and SARS- COV-2 by enzyme immunoassay. Results. The proportion of healthcare workers seronegative to pertussis was 46.8%, to influenza – 31.4%, to hepatitis A – 52.4%, to hepatitis B – 27.5%, to the SARS-CoV-2 virus – 29.8%. In 8.0% of cases the level of antibodies to Bordetella pertussis indicated a recent infection. The largest proportion of seronegative to pertussis (55.2%) was among individuals younger than 30 years. More than 80% of healthcare workers were vaccinated against seasonal influenza A during the previous year, 67.6% of them were seropositive. More than half (51.8%) of vaccinated but seronegative to influenza A health workers were older than 50 years. The odds of being seropositive to influenza A decreased with age, while the odds of being seropositive for viral hepatitis A increased with age. Vaccination against viral hepatitis B was received by 86.9% of people, 78.5% of them were seropositive to HBsAg, the remaining 21.5% needed revaccination. The proportion of healthcare workers seropositive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus was 57.5%, equivocal results were obtained in 12.7% of cases. The proportion of seronegative among those who had previously had COVID-19 was 40%, while among those who were vaccinated – 17.4%. Conclusion. The study showed a complex assessment of humoral immunity to the most common vaccine-preventable diseases: pertussis, influenza A, viral hepatitis А, B and novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in healthcare workers during the ongoing pandemic and allowed to make the following conclusions: 1. The proportion of healthcare workers susceptible to pertussis was 46.8% that required regular vaccination/revaccination of the seronegative healthcare workers to reduce the risk of infections healthcare-associated infections. 2. The proportion of healthcare workers vaccinated against influenza was 80% and exceeded the proportion of seropositive – 68.7%. 3. The proportion of healthcare workers seronegative to viral hepatitis B was 27.5%, to viral hepatitis A – 52.4%. 4. The COVID-19 seroprevalence among healthcare workers was 57.5%, regardless of whether it was obtained naturally or via vaccination. The proportion of seronegative healthcare workers among those having COVID-19 was 40%, among vaccinated – 17.4%, which confirms the necessity of vaccination / revaccination either after the infection or after the vaccination.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>медицинские работники</kwd><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>коклюш</kwd><kwd>грипп</kwd><kwd>гепатит А</kwd><kwd>гепатит В</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Vaccination</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>healthcare workers</kwd><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>pertussis</kwd><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>hepatitis A</kwd><kwd>hepatitis B No conflict of interest to declare</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Who’s Certified [Internet]. Health and Care Worker Deaths during COVID-19. World Health Organization. Доступно на: https:www.who.int/news/item/20-10-2021-healthand-care-worker-deaths-during-covid-19. Ссылка активна на 24 января 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Who’s Certified [Internet]. Health and Care Worker Deaths during COVID-19. World Health Organization. Available at: https:.www.who.int/news/item/20-10-2021-healthand-care-worker-deaths-during-covid-19. Accessed: 24.01.2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliveira M.S., Lobo R.D., Detta F.P., et al. SARS-Cov-2 seroprevalence and risk factors among health care workers: Estimating the risk of COVID-19 dedicated units. American Journal of Infection Control. 2021. Sep. 49(9). P. 1197–1199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oliveira MS, Lobo RD, Detta FP, et al. SARS-Cov-2 seroprevalence and risk factors among health care workers: Estimating the risk of COVID-19 dedicated units. American Journal of Infection Control. 2021. Sep.; 49(9):1197–1199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блох А. И., Панюшкина И. И., Пахтусова П. О. и др. Коллективный иммунитет к SARS-CoV-2 и связанные с ним факторы среди медицинских работников. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2021;20(5):32–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blokh A.I., Panyushkina I.I., Pakhtusova P.O., Sergeeva I.V., et al. Assessment of Seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care Unitunit Personnel. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2021;20(5):32–38 (In Russ.). https:.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-5-32-38</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hossain A., Nasrullah S.M., Tasnim Z., et al. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among health care workers prior to vaccine administration in Europe, the USA and East Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;33:100770. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100770</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hossain A, Nasrullah SM, Tasnim Z, et al. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among health care workers prior to vaccine administration in Europe, the USA and East Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2021; 33 :100770. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100770</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pnina S., Zuckerman N.S, Mor O., et al. Nosocomial outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in a highly vaccinated population, Israel, July 2021. Eurosurveillance. 2021. Vol. 26, N39. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.39.2100822</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pnina S, Zuckerman NS, Mor O, et al. Nosocomial outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in a highly vaccinated population, Israel, July 2021. Eurosurveillance. 2021. Vol. 26, N39. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.39.2100822</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сисин Е. И., Голубкова А. А., Козлова И. И. и др. Эпидемиологические особенности вспышек новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) в медицинских организациях. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2021;20(5):89–97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sisin YI, Golubkova AA, Kozlova II, Ostapenko NA. Outbreaks of COVID-19 in Medical organizations. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2021;20(5):89–97 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-5-89-97</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеева И. В., Тихонова Е. П., Андронова Н. В. и др. Заболеваемость медицинских работников инфекционными болезнями, связано ли это с профессиональной деятельностью . Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2015. №6. Доступно на: https:.science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=22914. Ссылка активна на 24 января 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeeva IV, Tihonova EP, Andronova NV, et al. Zabolevaemost’ medicinskih rabotnikov infekcionnymi boleznyami, svyazano li eto s professional’noj deyatel’nost’yu. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2015. № 6 (In Russ.). Available at: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=22914. Accessed: 24.01.2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководство по плановой иммунизации во время пандемии COVID-19 в Европейском регионе ВОЗ. Доступно по: https:.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/334124/WHO-EURO-2020-1059-40805-55115-rus.pdf. Ссылка активна на 24.01.2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guidance on routine immunization services during COVID-19 pandemic in the WHO European Region. Available at: https:.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/334123/WHO-EURO-2020-1059-40805-55114-eng.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y. Accessed: 24.01.2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Распоряжение Правительства Российской Федерации от 18 сентября 2020 г. № 2390-р. Доступно на: http:.static.government.ru/media/files/Zz7brckXMkAQTZHTA6ixAxlY4lhYBEeM.pdf. Ссылка активна на 24 января 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Russian government order 18.09.2020 № 2390-r. (In Russ.). Available at: http: static.government.ru/media/files/Zz7brckXMkAQTZHTA6ixAxlY4lhYBEeM.pdf. Accessed: 24.01.2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Randi B.A. Sejas O.N.E., Miyaji K.T., et al. A systematic review of adult tetanus-diphtheria-acellular (Tdap) coverage among healthcare workers. Vaccine. 2019 Vol. 37, N8. P. 1030–1037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Randi BA, Sejas ONE, Miyaji K, et al. A systematic review of adult tetanus-diphtheria-acellular (Tdap) coverage among healthcare workers. Vaccine. 2019;37(8):1030–1037 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Squeri R., Di Pietro A., La Fauci V., et al. Healthcare workers’ vaccination at European and Italian level: a narrative review. Acta Bio Medica. 2019. Vol. 13, N 90. P.45–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Squeri R, Di Pietro A, La Fauci V, et al. Healthcare workers’ vaccination at European and Italian level: a narrative review. Actaт Bio Medica. 2019;13(90):45–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maltezou H.C., Theodoridou K., Ledda C., et al. Vaccination of healthcare workers: is mandatoryvaccination needed? Expert review of vaccines. 2019, Vol. 18, N1. Р 5–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maltezou HC, Theodoridou K, Ledda C, et al. Vaccination of healthcare workers: is mandatory vaccination needed? Expert review of vaccines. 2019;18:5–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткаченко Т. Г., Дмитриев А. В., Гудков Р. А. и др. Оценка состояния противокоревого иммунитета у сотрудников детской больницы. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2021;20(4):73–78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkachenko TG, Dmitriev AV, Gudkov RA, Fedina NV Assessment of the State of Anti-Measles Immunity in Medicine Personnel of a Children’s Hospital. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2021;20(4):73–78 (In Russ.). https: doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-4-73-78</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агафонова Е. В., Куликов С. Н., Решетникова И. Д. и др. Результаты исследования серопревалентности к SARS-CoV-2 у медицинских работников: возрастные и профессиональные аспекты. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2021;20(2):49–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agafonova EV, Kulikov SN, Reshetnikova ID, et al. Seroprevalence study results to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: age and professional aspects. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2021;20(2):49–57 (In Russ.). https: doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-2-49-57</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Решетникова И. Д., Тюрин Ю. А., Агафонова Е. В. и др. Изучение особенностей гуморального иммунного ответа к новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 среди медицинских работников. Инфекция и иммунитет. 2021. Т. 11, № 5. C. 934–942.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reshetnikova ID, Tyurin YuA, Agafonova EV, et al. Study of features of humoral immune response to the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 among healthcare workers. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2021;11(5):934–942 (In Russ.). //https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-SOT-1587</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брико Н. И., Фельдблюм И.В., Алыева М. Х. и др. Проект национального календаря профилактических прививок взрослого населения в России. Профилактическая медицина. 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Briko N.I., Feldblyum I.V., Alyeva M.Kh., et al. The project of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations of the adult population in Russia. Preventive medicine. 5,2018 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Özer S., Oğuz V.А. Pediatric hospital healthcare workers and pertussis; a seroprevalence study. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. 2021. Vol. 63 Р. 355–362.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Özer S, Oğuz VА. Pediatric hospital healthcare workers and pertussis; a seroprevalence study. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. 2021; 63:355–362.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maltezou H.C., Ftika L., Theodoridou M. Nosocomial pertussis in neonatal units. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2013. Vol. 85. Р. 243–248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maltezou HC, Ftika L, Theodoridou M. Nosocomial pertussis in neonatal units. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2013;85:243–248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He F., Xia X., Nie D., et al. Respiratory bacterial pathogen spectrum among COVID-19 infected and non–COVID-19 virus infected pneumonia patients . Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2020. Vol. 98. doi: org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115199</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He F, Xia X, Nie D, et al. Respiratory bacterial pathogen spectrum among COVID-19 infected and non–COVID-19 virus infected pneumonia patients. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2020:98. doi:org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115199</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Государственный доклад «О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Российской Федерации в 2020 году». Доступно на: https://www.euro.who.int/ru/health-topics/communicable-diseases/influenza/vaccination. Ссылка активна на 24 января 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State report «On the state of sanitary and epidemiological expenditure of the population in the Russian Federation in 2020». (In Russ.). Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/ru/health-topics/communicable-diseases/influenza/vaccination</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gualano M.R., Corradi A., Voglino G., et al. Healthcare Workers’ (HCWs) attitudes towards mandatory influenza vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2021. Vol. 39. Р. 901–914.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gualano MR, Corradi A, Voglino G, et al. Healthcare Workers’ (HCWs) attitudes towards mandatory influenza vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2021;39:901–914.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткачева О. Н., Котовская Ю. В., Костинов М. П. и др. Вакцинация лиц пожилого и старческого возраста. Методические рекомендации. Версия 1. Москва. 2020. – 49 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkacheva ON, Kotovskaya Y V, Kostinov MP, et al. Vaccination of elderly people. Мethodological recommendations. Version 1. Moscow. 2020:49 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Приказ Минздрава России от 6 декабря 2021 года № 1122н Об утверждении национального календаря профилактических прививок, календаря профилактических прививок по эпидемическим показаниям и порядка проведения профилактических прививок. Доступно на : https:.docs.cntd.ru/document/727605537. Ссылка активна на 24 января 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The order of Russian Ministry of health 6.12.2021 № 1122n «National immunization schedule, schedule of immunization according to epidemiological situation and rules of immunization provision». (In Russ.). Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/727605537. Accessed: 24.01.2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chodicket G., Ashkenazi S., Lerman Y. The risk of hepatitis A infection among healthcare workers: a review of reported outbreaks and sero-epidemiologic studies. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2006. Vol. 62. Р. 414–420.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chodicket G, Ashkenazi S, Lerman Y. The risk of hepatitis A infection among healthcare workers: a review of reported outbreaks and sero-epidemiologic studies. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2006. Vol. 62. Р. 414–420.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karadeniz А., Alaşehir Е.А. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis viruses, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella among healthcare workers and students: Should we screen before vaccination?. J Infect Public Health. 2020. Vol 13, N4. P. 480–484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karadeniz А, Alaşehir ЕА. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis viruses, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella among healthcare workers and students: Should we screen before vaccination? Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2020;13(4):480-484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coppeta L, D›Alessandro I, Pietroiusti A, et al. Seroprevalence for vaccine-preventable diseases among Italian healthcare workers. Human Vaccines &amp; Immunotherapeutic. 2021. Vol. 17, N5. Р 1342–1346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coppeta L, D’Alessandro I, Pietroiusti A, et al. Seroprevalence for vaccine-preventable diseases among Italian healthcare workers. Human Vaccines &amp; Immunotherapeutic. 2021;17(5):1342–1346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О. М., Брико Н. И., Костинов М. П. и др. Иммунизация взрослых. Методические рекомендации. М., ФГБУ «НМИЦ ТПМ» Минздрава России: 2020. — 248 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina OM, Briko NI, Kostinov MP, et al. Immunization of adults. Мethodological recommendations. National Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. Moscow. 2020: 248 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коронавирус: статистика. Доступно на: https:.yandex.ru/covid19/stat. Ссылка активна на 24 января 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coronavirus: statistics. Available at: https://yandex.ru/covid19/stat (In Russ.). Accessed: 24.01.2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова А. Ю., Ежлова Е. Б., Мельникова А. А. и др. Серопревалентность к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 среди медицинских работников г. Москвы в апреле–декабре 2020 года. Инфекционные болезни. 2021. Т. 19, №3. С. 5–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popova AYu, Yezhlova EB, Melnikova AA, et al. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare professionals in Moscow in April–December 2020. Infekc. bolezni (Infectious diseases). 2021;19(3):5–13 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-5-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Решетникова И. Д., Агафонова Е. В., Тюрин Ю. А. и др. Опыт изучения коллективного и персонального иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 у медицинских работников. Проблемы особо опасных инфекций. 2021. №2. С. 123–130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reshetnikova ID, Agafonova EV, Tyurin YuA, Kulikov SN, et al. Experience in Studying Herd and Individual Immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Medical Workers. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections. 2021;(2):123–140 (In Russ.). https:.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2021-2-123-130</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coppeta L., Somma G., Ferrari C., et al. Persistence of Anti-S Titre among Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 . Vaccines. 2021. Vol.9. https:.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090947</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coppeta L, Somma G, Ferrari C, et al. Persistence of Anti-S Titre among Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19. Vaccines. 2021. Vol.9. https:.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090947</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salvaggio, M., Fusina, F., Albani, F., et al. Antibody Response after BNT162b2 Vaccination in HealthcareWorkers Previously Exposed and Not Exposed to SARS-CoV-2 . Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021. Vol. 10. https:.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184204</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salvaggio M, Fusina F, Albani F, et al. Antibody Response after BNT162b2 Vaccination in HealthcareWorkers Previously Exposed and Not Exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021:10. https:.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184204</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reche P.A. Potential Cross-Reactive Immunity to SARSCoV-2 From Common Human Pathogens and Vaccines. Frontiers in Immunology. 2020. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586984.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reche PA. Potential Cross-Reactive Immunity to SARSCoV-2 From Common Human Pathogens and Vaccines. Frontiers in Immunology. 2020. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586984.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цыганков П. В., Альникин А. Б., Кваше И. В. и др. Частота выявления положительных маркеров Covid-19 у лиц с различным прививочным анамнезом. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2021;20(3): 4–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsygankov PV, Alnikin AB, Kvashe IV, et al. Rate of Detecting Positive Markers of Covid-19 in Persons with Various Vaccination Anamnesis. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2021;20(3):4–7 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-3-4-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
