<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-4-103-112</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-1617</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ И ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND VACCINE PREVENTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка иммуноферментной системы для выявления специфических IgG к коронавирусу SARS-COV-2 методом иммунного блоттинга в формате «line blot»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Development of ELISA-test System for Detection of Specific IgG to SARS-COV-2 Coronavirus by Immunoblotting (Line Blot)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-135X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марданлы</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mardanly</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сейфаддин Гашимович Марданлы – д. м. н., академик Российской академии медико-технических наук; профессор кафедры фармакологии и фармацевтических дисциплин ГГТУ; директор по науке</p><p>+7 (909) 992-14-94</p><p>г. Орехово­-Зуево</p><p>г. Электрогорск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Seyfaddin G. Mardanly – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Technical Sciences; Professor at the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Science Director</p><p>+7 (909) 992-14-94</p><p>Orekhovo-Zuevo</p><p>Elektrogorsk, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekolab-president@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-3126</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Владимировна Попова – к. х. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой фармакологии и фармацевтических дисциплин; фармацевтический факультет</p><p>142611, Московская область, Орехово-Зуево, улица Зелёная, 22</p><p>+7 (965) 328-23-58</p><p>г. Электрогорск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Popova – Cand. Sci. (Chemical), Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Faculty of Pharmacy</p><p>22, Zelenaya Street, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Moscow Region, 142611</p><p>+7 (965) 328-23-58</p><p>Elektrogorsk, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tvpopova45@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Государственный гуманитарно-­технологический университет; ЗАО «ЭКОлаб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State University of Humanities and Technology; Closed Joint Stock Company EKOlab (CJSC EKOlab)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЗАО «ЭКОлаб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Closed Joint Stock Company EKOlab (CJSC EKOlab)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Марданлы С.Г., Попова Т.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марданлы С.Г., Попова Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mardanly S.G., Popova T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1617">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1617</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Проблема своевременной и эффективной диагностики COVID-19 остается одной из основных проблем, стоящих перед здравоохранением. В связи с этим задача разработки тест-систем для этиологической диагностики COVID-19 сохраняет свою исключительную актуальность. Цель. Разработка иммуноферментной тест-системы для выявления специфических иммуноглобулинов класса G к коронавирусу SARS-COV-2 методом иммунного блоттинга в формате «line blot». Методы. Отработка технологических приемов получения компонентов тест-системы и предварительная оценка ее диагностической эффективности при исследовании сывороток крови пациентов с COVID-19, проходивших лечение в Первой Градской больнице имени Н. И. Пирогова Москвы, и сывороток здоровых доноров. Результаты. Исследование 104 образцов сыворотки крови больных COVID-19 и 100 образцов сыворотки крови здоровых доноров, предварительно протестированных методом ИФАна наличие IgG к SARS-CoV-2 при помощи тест-систем «Vitrotest SARS-CoV-2 IgG» фирмы «Vitrotest» (Украина) и «ИФА-SARS-CoV-2-АТ-G» фирмы ЗАО «ЭКОлаб» (Россия), показало высокую диагностическую эффективность новой отечественной тест-системы. Заключение. Новая тест-система после прохождения процедуры государственной регистрации медицинского изделия может быть рекомендована в качестве подтверждающего теста при этиологической лабораторной диагностике COVID-19.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. The problem of timely and effective diagnosis of COVID-19 remains one of the main problems facing healthcare. In this regard, the task of developing test systems for the etiological diagnosis of COVID-19 remains extremely relevant. Purpose To develop ELISA test system for detection of G specific immunoglobulins to SARS-COV-2 coronavirus by immunoblotting (Line Blot). Methods. Elaboration of techniques for obtaining test components and preliminary assessment of its diagnostic effectivenessin blood serums from COVID-19 patients treated at N. I. Pirogov First Gradsky Hospital, Moscow, and serums from healthy human donors. Results. The study of 104 blood serum samples from COVID-19 patients and 100 blood serum samples from healthy human donors, pre-tested by ELISA IgG to SARS-CoV-2 using «Vitrotest SARS-CoV-2 IgG» test systems (Vitrotest, Ukraine) and «ELISA-SARS-CoV-2-AB-G» (CJSC EKOlab, Russia) showed high diagnostic efficiency of the new test system. Conclusion. The new test system after state registration of the medical device can be recommended as a confirmatory test for the etiological laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd><kwd>разработка</kwd><kwd>тест-система</kwd><kwd>лайн-блот</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd><kwd>development</kwd><kwd>test system</kwd><kwd>Line-Blot</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Временные методические рекомендации МЗ РФ (Версия 11 от 07.05.2021). «Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19)». Доступно по: http:.xn--80aesfpebagmfblc0a.xn--p1ai/ai/doc/872/attach/Bmr_COVID-19_compressed.pdf. Ссылка активна на 24.02.20022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendacii MZ RF (Versija 11 ot 07.05.2021). «Profilaktika, diagnostika i lechenie novoj koronavirusnoj infekcii (COVID-19)». Available at: http:.xn--80aesfpebagmfblc0a.xn--p1ai/ai/doc/872/attach/Bmr_COVID-19_compressed.pdf. Accessed: 24.02.2022 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Диагностическое тестирование для определения вируса SARS-CoV-2: Временные рекомендации, 11 сентября 2020 г. Доступно по: https:.www.euro.who.int/ru/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/publications-and-technical-guidance/2020/diagnostic-testing-for-sars-cov-2-interim-guidance,-11-september-2020. Ссылка активна на 24.02.2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diagnosticheskoe testirovanie dlja opredelenija virusa SARS-CoV-2: Vremennye rekomendacii, 11 sentjabrja 2020 g. Available at: https:.www.euro.who.int/ru/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/publications-and-technical-guidance/2020/diagnostic-testing-for-sars-cov-2-interim-guidance,-11-september-2020. Accessed: 24.02.2022. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozcurumez M., Ambrosch A., Frey O., et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing — questions to be asked . J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2020. Vol. 146, N1. P. 35–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozcurumez M, Ambrosch A, Frey O, et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing — questions to be asked. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020; 146(1):35–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sethuraman N., Stanleyraj S., Ryo A. Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 . JAMA. 2020. Vol. 323, N22. P. 2249–2251. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.8259.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sethuraman N, Stanleyraj S, Ryo A. Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2020; 323(22): 2249-51. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.8259.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watson J., Richter A., Deeks J. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. BMJ. 2020. Vol. 370. P. m3325. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3325</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watson J, Richter A, Deeks J. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. BMJ. 2020;370:m3325. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du Z., Zhu F., Guo F., et al. Detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2in patients with COVID-19. J. Med. Virol. 2020. Vol. 92, N10. P. 1735–1738. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25820</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Du Z, Zhu F, Guo F, et al. Detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2in patients with COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(10):1735–8. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25820.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Marca A., Capuzzo M., Paglia T., et al. Test-ing for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): a systematic review and clinical guide to molecular and serological in-vitro diagnostic assays . Reprod. Biomed. Online. 2020. Vol. 41, N3. P. 483–499. DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.06.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">La Marca A, Capuzzo M, Paglia T, et al. Test-ing for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): a systematic review and clinical guide to molecular and serological in-vitro diagnostic assays. Reprod Biomed Online. 2020;41(3):483–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.06.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McAndrews K.M., Dowlatshahi D.P., Dai J., et al. Heterogeneous an-tibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain and nucleocapsid with implications for COVID-19 immunity . JCI Insight. 2020. Vol. 5, N18, e142386. P. 1–14. DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142386</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McAndrews KM, Dowlatshahi DP, Dai J, et al. Heterogeneous antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain and nucleocapsid with implications for COVID-19 immunity. JCI Insight. 2020; 5(18): e142386, 1–14. DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142386.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sethuraman N., Stanleyraj S., Ryo A. Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 . JAMA. 2020. Vol. 323, N22. P. 2249–2251. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.8259</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sethuraman N, Stanleyraj S, Ryo A. Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2020; 323 (22): 2249–51. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.8259</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haselmann V., Özçürümez M.K., Klawonn F., et al. Results of the first pilot external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for anti- SARS-CoV2-antibody testing . Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2020. Vol. 58, N12. P. 2121–2130. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1183</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haselmann V, Özçürümez MK, Klawonn F, et al. Results of the first pilot external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for anti- SARS-CoV2-antibody testing. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020; 58(12): 2121–30. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1183</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Марданлы С. Г., Авдонина А. С. Мамедова С. Г. Разработка иммуноферментной тест-системы для выявления антител класса IgG к возбудителю COVID-19 в сыворотке (плазме) крови человека . Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2020. Т. 65, №11. С. 683–687. DOI 10.17116/klinderma202019041465</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mardanly SG, Avdonina AS, Mamedova SG. Development of an enzyme immunoassay system for the detection of IgG class antibodies to the COVID-19 pathogenin human serum (plasma). Klinicheskaja laboratornaja diagnostika. 2020; 65 (11): 683–7 (In Russ). DOI 10.17116/klinderma202019041465</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Марданлы С. Г. Разработка и испытания новых иммуноферментных тест систем для диагностики токсоплазмоза. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2009. № 2. С: 35–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mardanly SG. Development and testing of new enzyme immunoassay systems for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Klinicheskaja laboratornaja diagnostika 2009; 2: 35–7 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Марданлы С. Г. Эпидемиологический надзор за инфекциями TORCH группы на основе современных технологий лабораторной диагностики. Дисс….. д-ра мед. наук. Москва; 2016. Доступно на: http:.www.dslib.net/epidemiologia/jepidemiologicheskij-nadzor-za-infekcijami-torch-gruppy-na-osnove-sovremennyh.html. Ссылка активна на 24 февраля 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mardanly SG. Epidemiological surveillance of TORCH group infections based on modern laboratory diagnostic technologies. [dissertation]. Moscow; 2016. Available at: http:.www.dslib.net/epidemiologia/jepidemiologicheskij-nadzor-za-infekcijami-torch-gruppy-na-osnove-sovremennyh.html. Accessed: 24.02.2022 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Марданлы С. Г., Симонов В. В., Авдонина А. С. Производство наборов реагентов для клинической лабораторной диагностики иммунохимическими методами. Орехово-Зуево: ГГТУ. 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mardanly SG, Simonov VV, Avdonina AS. Production of reagent kits for clinical laboratory diagnostics by immunochemical methods. Orehovo-Zuevo: GGTU; 2017, 208 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Марданлы С. Г., Симонова Е. Г., Симонов В. В. Инфекции TоRCH-группы: клиническая лабораторная диагностика, эпидемиологический надзор и контроль. Москва: Транзит-ИКС. 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mardanly SG., Simonova EG., Simonov VV. Torch-group infections: clinical laboratory diagnostics, epidemiological surveillance and control. Moscow:Tranzit-IKS; 2018, 282 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Марданлы С. Г., Симонова Е. Г., Симонов В. В. Герпесвирусные инфекции: этиология и патогенез, клиника и лабораторная диагностика, эпидемиология и профилактика. Орехово-Зуево: ГГТУ. 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mardanly SG., Simonova EG., Simonov VV. Herpesvirus infections: etiology and pathogenesis, clinic and laboratory diagnostics, epidemiology and prevention. Orehovo-Zuevo: GGTU; 2020, 316 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hui Penga, Li-tao Yanga, Ling-yun Wangb, et al. Long-lived memory T lymphocyte responses against SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid proteinin SARS-recovered patients . Virology. 2006. Vol. 351, N2. P. 466–475. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.03.036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hui Penga, Li-tao Yanga, Ling-yun Wangb, et al. Long-lived memory T lymphocyte responses against SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid proteinin SARS-recovered patients. Virology. 2006; 351: 466–75</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiscox J.A., Wurm T., Wilson L., et al. The coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus nucleoprotein localizes to the nucleolus . J. Virol. 2001. Vol. 75, N1. P. 506–512. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.1.506–512.2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hiscox JA, Wurm T, Wilson L, et al. The coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus nucleoprotein localizes to the nucleolus. J Virol. 2001; 201: 506–12. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.1.506–512.2001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Narayanan K., Chen C.J., Maeda J., Makino S. Nucleocapsid independent specific viral RNA packaging via viral envelope protein and viral RNA sig-nal . J. Virol. 2003. Vol. 77, N5. 2922–2927. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.5.2922–2927.2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narayanan K, Chen CJ, Maeda J, Makino S. Nucleocapsid independent specific viral RNA packaging via viral envelope protein and viral RNA signal. J Virol. 2003; 77: 2922–27. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.5.2922–2927.2003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ning Wang, Jian Shang, Shibo Jiang, Lanying Du. Subunit vaccines against emerging pathogenic human coronaviruses . Front. Microbiol. 2020; Vol. 11, art. 298. Доступно на: https:.www.frontiersin. org/journals/microbiology#articles. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00298. Ссылка активна на 24.02.2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ning Wang, Jian Shang, Shibo Jiang, Lanying Du. Subunit vaccines against emerging pathogenic human coronaviruses. Front Microbiol. 2020; 11: 298. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00298</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brouwer Ph.J.M., Caniels T.G., van der Straten K., et al. Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability . Science. 2020. Vol. N6504. P. 369: 643–650. DOI: 10.1126/science.abc5902.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brouwer PhJM, Caniels TG., van der Straten K, et al. Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability. Science. 2020; 369: 643–50. DOI: 10.1126/science.abc5902</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rui Shi, Chao Shan, Xiaomin Duan, et al. A human neutralizing anti-body targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 2020. Vol. 584, N7819. P. 120–124. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2381-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rui Shi, Chao Shan, Xiaomin Duan , et al. A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 2020; 584: 120–4. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2381-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Narayanan K., Maeda A., Maeda J., Makino S. Characterization of the coronavirus M protein and nucleocapsid interactionin infected cells. J. Virol. 2000. Vol. 74, N17. P. 8127–8134. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.17.8127–8134.2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narayanan K, Maeda A, Maeda J, Makino S. Characterization of the coronavirus M protein and nucleocapsid interactionin infected cells. J Virol. 2000; 74(17): 8127–34. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.17.8127–8134.2000</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opstelten D.J., Raamsman M.J., Wolfs K., et al. Envelope glycoprotein interactionsin coronavirus assembly. J. Cell. Biol. 1995. Vol. 131, N2. P. 339–349. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.131.2.339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opstelten DJ, Raamsman MJ, Wolfs K, et al. Envelope glycoprotein interactionsin coronavirus assembly. J Cell Biol. 1995; 131(2): 339–49. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.131.2.339</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jun Liu, Yeping Sun, Jianxun Qi, et al. The Membrane Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Acts as a Dominant Immunogen Revealed by a Clustering Region of Novel Functionally and Structurally Defined Cyto-toxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes . J. Infect. Dis. 2010. Vol. 202, N8. P. 1171–1180. DOI: 10.1086/656315.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jun Liu, Yeping Sun, Jianxun Qi, et al. The Membrane Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Acts as a Dominant Immunogen Revealed by a Clustering Region of Novel Functionally and Structurally Defined Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes. J Infect Dis. 2010; 202(8): 1171–80. DOI: 10.1086/656315</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schoeman D., Fielding B.C. Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge . Virol. J. 2019. Vol. 16, N1. P. 69. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1182-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schoeman D, Fielding BC. Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge. J Virol. 2019; 16 (1): 69. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1182-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
