<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-5-107-119</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-1680</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ И ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND VACCINE PREVENTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение ионообменной хроматографии при разработке технологии получения инактивированной вакцины против полиомиелита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of Ion Exchange Chromatography in the Development of Technology to Obtain Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-2393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пиняева</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Piniaeva</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Николаевна Пиняева – начальник управления разработки и внедрения инновационных и  полупромышленных технологий</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia N. Piniaeva – Head of Division of Development and Integration of Innovative and Semi-industrial Technologies</p><p>Moscow, 108819</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pinyaeva_an@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3200-763X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковпак</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovpak</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Александровна Ковпак  – руководитель группы процессов очистки и  формуляции готовых лекарственных форм</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Kovpak – Head of team of purification processes and finished dosage forms formulation</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovpak_aa@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0995-7944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивин</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivin</surname><given-names>Y. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Юрьевич Ивин  – заместитель начальника управления разработки и  внедрения инновационных и  полупромышленных технологий</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury Yu. Ivin – Deputy Head of Division of Development and Integration of Innovative and Semi-industrial Technologies</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivin_uu@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санджиева</surname><given-names>С. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sandzhieva</surname><given-names>S. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саглара Хюрмяевна Санджиева – технолог группы процессов очистки и формуляции готовых лекарственных форм</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saglara H. Sandzhieva – Technologist of team of purification processes and finished dosage forms formulation</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sandjieva_sh@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5907-0615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Андреевна Шишова – руководитель группы разработки валидации методик, ФГАНУ «Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М. П. Чумакова» РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аnna A. Shishova – Head of Analytical Method Development and Validation Team, Federal State Autonomous Institution of Science «Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products» of Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shishova_aa@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-3925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Целых</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tсelykh</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Олеговна Целых  – микробиолог группы разработки и  валидации методик</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina O. Tсelykh – Microbiologist of Analytical Method Development and Validation Team</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tselih_io@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-0921</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василенко</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilenko</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владислав Евгеньевич Василенко  – руководитель группы ферментации и  культивирования</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav E. Vasilenko – Head of fermentation and cultivation team</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasilenko_ve@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8446-1853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каа</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaa</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Владимирович Каа  – технолог группы ферментации и  культивирования</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin V. Kaa  – Technologist of fermentation and cultivation team</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaa_kv@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5259-0984</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мажед</surname><given-names>Ж. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazhed</surname><given-names>Zh. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жад Хассан Мажед – технолог группы ферментации и культивирования</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhad H. Mazhed – Technologist of fermentation and cultivation team</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Mazhed_zh@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1613-5228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хапчаев</surname><given-names>Ю. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khapchaev</surname><given-names>Yu. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юсуф Хаджи-Бекович Хапчаев – начальник цеха по производству полиомиелитных вакцин</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yusuf H. Khapchaev – Head of the Polio Vaccine Production Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hapchaev_uh@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-6570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синюгина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Siniugina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Александровна Синюгина  – руководитель направления по  качеству и инновационным разработкам</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexsandra A. Siniugina – Head of the Quality and Innovation Development Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sinyugina_aa@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-4145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ишмухаметов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishmukhametov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айдар Айратович Ишмухаметов  – генеральный директор, ФГАНУ «Федеральный научный центр исследований и  разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М. П. Чумакова» РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аydar A. Ishmukhametov – Director general, Federal State Autonomous Institution of Science «Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-andBiological Products» of Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ishmukhametov@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАНУ «Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М. П. Чумакова» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Institution of Science «Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immuneand-Biological Products» of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАНУ «Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М. П. Чумакова» РАН;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова МЗ России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Institution of Science «Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immuneand-Biological Products» of Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пиняева А.Н., Ковпак А.А., Ивин Ю.Ю., Санджиева С.Х., Шишова А.А., Целых И.О., Василенко В.Е., Каа К.В., Мажед Ж.Х., Хапчаев Ю.Х., Синюгина А.А., Ишмухаметов А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пиняева А.Н., Ковпак А.А., Ивин Ю.Ю., Санджиева С.Х., Шишова А.А., Целых И.О., Василенко В.Е., Каа К.В., Мажед Ж.Х., Хапчаев Ю.Х., Синюгина А.А., Ишмухаметов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Piniaeva A.N., Kovpak A.A., Ivin Y.Y., Sandzhieva S.H., Shishova A.A., Tсelykh I.O., Vasilenko V.E., Kaa K.V., Mazhed Z.H., Khapchaev Y.K., Siniugina A.A., Ishmukhametov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1680">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1680</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Производство и контроль качества любых лекарственных средств жёстко регламентированы. В случае противовирусных вакцин требования к их безопасности и протективной активности с каждым годом ужесточаются. Во время разработки и производства иммунобиологических препаратов производители должны продемонстрировать достаточную очистку от технологических примесей, чтобы обеспечить чистоту препарата.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Подбор сорбентов и реагентов для хроматографии, проводимой с целью снижения количества технологических примесей при производстве инактивированной вакцины против полиомиелита.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для получения вирусных суспензий культуру-продуцент заражали полиовирусом 1 типа (штамм Сэбина LSc 2ab), 2 типа (штамм Сэбина Р712 Ch 2ab) и 3 типа (штамм Сэбина Leon 12a1b). Множественность заражения составляла 0,02 ± 0,01 ТЦД50/клетка. Для оценки эффективности проведения ионообменной хроматографии определяли степень очистки фракций от балластных белков, степень очистки фракций от остаточной клеточной ДНК и степень извлечения целевого антигена рассчитывали по определенным формулам.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Было проведено более 80 экспериментов по очистке концентратов полиовируса 1 типа, 2 типа и 3 типа с использованием различных сорбентов. При контроле качества очищенных концентратов полиовирусов 1 типа, 2 типа и 3 типа помимо анализа на общий белок проводили анализ на наличие белков клеток Vero.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Применение предложенных модификаций очистки концентратов штаммов Сэбина вируса полиомиелита 1, 2 и 3 типов с помощью ионообменной хроматографии позволяют получать инактивированные вирусные препараты, отвечающие требованиям ВОЗ и Европейской Фармакопеи как по биохимическим показателям (содержание ДНК клеток-продуцентов и содержание балластных белков, в том числе белки клеток-продуцентов), так и по показателю специфической активности (содержание D-антигена). Кроме того, дополнительная очистка препаратов с использованием ионообменной хроматографии позволяет снизить содержание остаточной клеточной ДНК практически до нуля, что делает инактивированную вакцину против полиомиелита наиболее привлекательной для включения её в состав разных комбинированных вакцин.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The production and quality control of any drugs are strictly regulated. In the case of antiviral vaccines, the requirements for their safety and protective activity are getting tougher every year. Vaccine manufacturers face three tasks: ensuring high immunogenicity, safety and availability of the drug. During the development and production of immunobiological drugs, manufacturers must demonstrate sufficient purification from technological impurities to ensure the purity of the drug. Technological impurities directly depend on the technological process and the expression systems used. The Vero cell line has been widely used in the production of various antiviral vaccines for many decades. Thus, the improvement of technological processes for the purification of vaccine preparations from proteins and DNA of Vero cells is still matter of current interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims. Selection of resins and reagents for ion exchange chromatography to reduce the amount of technological impurities in the inactivated polio vaccine production.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. To obtain viral suspensions, producer cultures were infected with poliovirus type 1 (Sabin strain LSc 2ab), type 2 (Sabin strain P712 Ch 2ab), and type 3 (Sabin strain Leon 12a1b). Multiplicity of infection was 0.02 ± 0.01 TCD50/cell. To evaluate the efficiency of ion-exchange chromatography we determined the degree of purification of fractions from ballast proteins, the degree of purification of fractions from residual cellular DNA, and the degree of extraction of the target antigen using specific formulas.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. More than 80 experiments have been performed to purify type 1, type 2, and type 3 poliovirus concentrates using various sorbents. In quality control of purified concentrates of type 1, type 2 and type 3 polioviruses, in addition to analysis for total protein, an analysis was performed for the presence of Vero cell proteins.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The use of the proposed modifications of purification of concentrates of Sabin strains of poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 using ion exchange chromatography allows to obtain inactivated viral products that meet the requirements of WHO and the European Pharmacopoeia both in biochemical parameters (the content of host-cell DNA and the content of ballast proteins, including host-cell proteins) and specific activity (D-antigen content). Furthermore, additional purification of vaccines using ion exchange chromatography allows to reduce the content of residual cellular DNA to almost zero, which makes the inactivated polio vaccine the most attractive for its inclusion in various combined vaccines.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инактивированная вакцина против полиомиелита (ИПВ)</kwd><kwd>полиомиелит</kwd><kwd>штаммы Сэбина</kwd><kwd>ионообменная хроматография</kwd><kwd>клеточная линия Vero</kwd><kwd>остаточная клеточная ДНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)</kwd><kwd>poliomyelitis</kwd><kwd>Sabin strains</kwd><kwd>ion exchange chromatography</kwd><kwd>Vero cell line</kwd><kwd>residual cellular DNA</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Опимах И. Эдвард Дженнер и история вакцинации. Медицинские технологии. Оценка и выбор. 2018. С. 77–81. doi:10.31556/2219-0678.2018.34.4.077-081.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opimakh I. Edward Jenner and History of Vaccination. Medical Technologies. Assessment and Choice. 2018;77–81. doi:10.31556/2219-0678.2018.34.4.077-081.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X, Hunter A, Mozier N. Host Cell Proteins in Biologics Development: Identification, Quantitation and Risk Assessment. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2009; Vol. 103, No. 3. P. 446–458. doi: 10.1002/bit.22304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X, Hunter A, Mozier N. Host Cell Proteins in Biologics Development: Identification, Quantitation and Risk Assessment. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2009; 103(3): 446–458. doi: 10.1002/bit.22304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ягшис Г, Линдског Е, Лаки К и др. Биофармацевтическое производство. Разработка, проектирование и внедрение производственных процессов. Издательство Профессия; 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jagschies G, Lindskog E, Lacki K, et. al. Biopharmaceutical production. Development, design and implementation of production processes. Publishing House Professia; 2020. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pilely K, Johansen M, Lund R, et al. Monitoring process-related impurities in biologics – host cell protein analysis. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2022. N.414. P. 747–758. doi: 10.1007/s00216021-03648-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilely K, Johansen M, Lund R, et al. Monitoring process-related impurities in biologics – host cell protein analysis. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2022; 414:747–758. doi: 10.1007/s00216-02103648-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li M, Qiu Y. A review on current downstream bio-processing technology of vaccine products. Vaccine. 2013. N31. P. 1264–1267. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.12.056.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li M, Qiu Y. A review on current downstream bio-processing technology of vaccine products. Vaccine. 2013; 31:1264–1267. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.12.056.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montagnon B. Polio and rabies vaccines produced in continuous cell lines: a reality for Vero cell line. In: Continuous Cell Lines as substrates for biologicals. Dev. Biol. Stand. 1989. N70. P. 27-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montagnon B. Polio and rabies vaccines produced in continuous cell lines: a reality for Vero cell line. In: Continuous Cell Lines as substrates for biologicals. Dev. Biol. Stand. 1989; 70: 27–47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piniaeva A, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated sabin-strain polio vaccine «PoliovacSin»: Clinical trials phase I and II. Vaccines. 2021. N9. P. 565. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060565.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piniaeva A, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated sabin-strain polio vaccine «PoliovacSin»: Clinical trials phase I and II. Vaccines. 2021;9:565. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060565.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vorovitch M, Grishina K, Volok V, et al. Evervac: phase I/II study of immunogenicity and safety of a new adjuvant-free TBE vaccine cultivated in Vero cell culture. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics. 2020. N16. P. 2123–2130. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1757990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorovitch M, Grishina K, Volok V, et al. Evervac: phase I/II study of immunogenicity and safety of a new adjuvant-free TBE vaccine cultivated in Vero cell culture. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics. 2020; 16: 2123–2130. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1757990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pato T, Souza M, Mattos D, et al. Purification of yellow fever virus produced in Vero cells for inactivated vaccine manufacture. Vaccine. 2019. N37. P. 3214–3220. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.077.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pato T, Souza M, Mattos D, et al. Purification of yellow fever virus produced in Vero cells for inactivated vaccine manufacture. Vaccine. 2019;37:3214–3220. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.077.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tiwari M, Parida M, Santhosh S, et al. Assessment of immunogenic potential of Vero adapted formalin inactivated vaccine derived from novel ECSA genotype of Chikungunya virus. Vaccine. 2009. N27. P. 2513–2522. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tiwari M, Parida M, Santhosh S, et al. Assessment of immunogenic potential of Vero adapted formalin inactivated vaccine derived from novel ECSA genotype of Chikungunya virus. Vaccine. 2009; 27:2513–2522. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovpak A, Ivin Y, Piniaeva A, et al. Application of ultrafiltration membranes for purificatiand concentration of sabin poliovirus type 1. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii. 2021. Vol.98, N2. P. 135–143. doi: https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovpak A, Ivin Y, Piniaeva A, et al. Application of ultrafiltration membranes for purificatiand concentration of sabin poliovirus type 1. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii. 2021. 98(2):135–143. doi: https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piniaeva А, Kovpak A, Ivin Y, et al. Selection of Sorbent for Poliovirus Vaccine Strain Concentrate Purification by Gel Filtration. Biotekhnologiya. 2021. N37. P. 84–94. doi: 10.21519/0234-2758-2021-37-684-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piniaeva А, Kovpak A, Ivin Y, et al. Selection of Sorbent for Poliovirus Vaccine Strain Concentrate Purification by Gel Filtration. Biotekhnologiya. 2021;37:84–94. doi: 10.21519/0234-2758-2021-37-6-84-94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang H, Zhang L, Galinski M. A probabilistic model for risk assessment of residual host cell DNA in biological products. Vaccine. 2010. N28. P. 3308–3311. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang H, Zhang L, Galinski M. A probabilistic model for risk assessment of residual host cell DNA in biological products. Vaccine. 2010;28:3308–3311. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreani N, Renzi S, Piovani G, et al. Potential neoplastic evolution of Vero cells: in vivo and in vitro characterization. Cytotechnology. 2017. N69. P. 741–750. doi: 10.1007/s10616-017-0082-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreani N, Renzi S, Piovani G, et al. Potential neoplastic evolution of Vero cells: in vivo and in vitro characterization. Cytotechnology. 2017; 69:741–750. doi: 10.1007/s10616-017-0082-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Recommendations and guidelines for biological substances used in medicine and other documents. WHO TRS №897, Geneva, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Recommendations and guidelines for biological substances used in medicine and other documents. WHO TRS №897, Geneva, 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), 10th ed.; EDQM: Strasbourg, France.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), 10th ed.; EDQM: Strasbourg, France.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalbfuss B, Wolff M, Morenweiser R, et al. Purification of cell culture-derived human influenza A virus by size-exclusion and anion-exchange chromatography. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2007. N96. P. 932–944. doi: 10.1002/bit.21109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalbfuss B, Wolff M, Morenweiser R, et al. Purification of cell culture-derived human influenza A virus by size-exclusion and anion-exchange chromatography. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2007; 96:932–944. doi: 10.1002/bit.21109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kimia Z, Hosseini S, Talesh S, et al. A novel application of ion exchange chromatography in recombinant hepatitis B vaccine downstream processing: Improving recombinant HBsAg homogeneity by removing associated aggregates. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2019. N1113. P. 20–29. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.03.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kimia Z, Hosseini S, Talesh S, et al. A novel application of ion exchange chromatography in recombinant hepatitis B vaccine downstream processing: Improving recombinant HBsAg homogeneity by removing associated aggregates. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2019; 1113:20–29. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.03.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">INSTRUCTIONS IN 40 300 010. WorkBeads 40 / 100 SEC WorkBeads 40 / 10 000 SEC WorkBeads 40 / 1000 SEC WorkBeads Macro SEC. 2020. Bio-Works. Sweden.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">INSTRUCTIONS IN 40 300 010. WorkBeads 40 / 100 SEC WorkBeads 40 / 10 000 SEC WorkBeads 40 / 1000 SEC WorkBeads Macro SEC. 2020. Bio-Works. Sweden.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов А. П., Козлов В. Г., Клеблеева Т.Д., и др. Система иммуноферментного анализа на основе специфических антител класса (IgY) из яичных желтков для количественного определения D-антигена в инактивированных полиовирусных вакцинах. Вопросы вирусологии. 2014. №59. С. 39–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov AP, Kozlov VG, Klebleeva TD, Ivanova OE, Kiktenko AV. An ELISA system based on the specific class Y (IgY) antibodies from egg yolks for the quantitative determination of D-antigen in inactivated poliovirus vaccines. Voprosy virusologii. 2014; 59(6):39–42. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capto S, Capto Q and Capto DEAE Ion exchange resins. Instructions for Use. 2020. Cytiva. Доступно на: https://cdn.cytivalifesciences.com/api/public/content/digi-14017-original</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">28407452 AG. Capto S, Capto Q and Capto DEAE Ion exchange resins. Instructions for Use. 2020. Cytiva.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">CM Sepharose Fast Flow, DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow, Q Sepharose Fast Flow, SP Sepharose Fast Flow Ion Exchange Media. Instructions for Use. 2020. Cytiva. Доступно на: https://cdn.cytivalifesciences.com/api/public/content/digi-13013-original</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">71500964 AH. CM Sepharose Fast Flow, DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow, Q Sepharose Fast Flow, SP Sepharose Fast Flow Ion Exchange Media. Instructions for Use. 2020. Cytiva.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomassen Y, Van Eikenhorst G, Van Der Pol L, et al. Isoelectric point determination of live polioviruses by capillary isoelectric focusing with whole column imaging detection. Anal Chem. 2013. N85. P. 6089–6094. doi: 10.1021/ac400968q.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomassen Y, Van Eikenhorst G, Van Der Pol L, et al. Isoelectric point determination of live polioviruses by capillary isoelectric focusing with whole column imaging detection. Anal Chem. 2013; 85:6089– 6094. doi: 10.1021/ac400968q. compliance of childhood vaccinations in the United States. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics. 2017; 13:2494–2502. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1362515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu B, Cao B, Wang C, et al. Immunogenicity and Safety of Childhood Combination Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel). 2022. Vol. 10, N3. P. 472. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10030472.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu B, Cao B, Wang C, et al. Immunogenicity and Safety of Childhood Combination Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel). 2022; 10(3):472. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10030472.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Намазова-Баранова Л. С., Харит С. М., Перминова О. А. и др. Безопасность и иммуногенность полностью жидкой шестивалентной вакцины АбКДСИПВ-ГепВ-Hib у здоровых детей 1-го года жизни в Российской Федерации. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2019;18(3):28–39. doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2019-18-3-28-3926.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Namazova-Baranova LS, Kharit SM, Perminova OA et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of Fully Liquid Hexavalent DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib Vaccine in Healthy Infants in Russian Federation. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2019;18(3):28–39 (In Russ.). doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2019-18-3-28-39</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брико Н. И., Попович Л. Д., Миндлина А. Я. и др. Сравнительная оценка предотвращаемого социально-экономического ущерба при различных подходах к профилактике вакциноуправляемых инфекций в рамках Национального календаря профилактических прививок. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2020;19(1):4–13. doi: 10.31631/2073-30462020-19-1-4-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Briko NI, Popovich LD, Mindlin AYa et al. Comparative assessment of preventable socioeconomic damage in different approaches to the prevention of vaccine-controlled infections in the framework of the National vaccination schedule. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2020;19(1): 4–13 (In Russ.). doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-1-4-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суетина И. Г., Иллек Я. Ю., Хлебникова Н. В. и др. Проблема своевременности вакцинации детей раннего возраста и пути ее решения. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2019;18(5):85–91. doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2019-18-5-85-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suetina IG, Illek YY, Khlebnikova NV. et al. The Problem of Timeliness of Young Children Vaccination and Ways to Solve It. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2019;18(5): 85–91. (In Russ.). doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2019-18-5-85-91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loiacono M, Pool V, van Aalst Rю DTaP combination vaccine use and adherence: A retrospective cohort study. Vaccine. 2021. Vol. 39, N7. P. 1064-1071. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loiacono M, Pool V, van Aalst R, DTaP combination vaccine use and adherence: A retrospective cohort study. Vaccine. 2021;39(7):1064-1071. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurosky S, Davis K, Krishnarajah G. Effect of combination vaccines on completion and compliance of childhood vaccinations in the United States. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics. 2017. N13. P. 2494–2502. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1362515</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurosky S, Davis K, Krishnarajah G. Effect of combination vaccines on completion and compliance of childhood vaccinations in the United States. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics. 2017; 13:2494–2502. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1362515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
