epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-2-12-22epidemiology-1772Research ArticleПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИPROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLEКоронавирус XBB.1.5 как индикатор длительного продолжения пандемии Covid-19. Что дальше c вакцинацией?Coronavirus XBB.1.5 as an Indicator of the Long-Term Continuation of the Covid-19 pandemic. What Next for Vaccination?ХарченкоЕ. П.KharchenkoE. P.

Харченко Евгений Петрович - доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Института эволюционной физиологии и биохимии  им. И. М. Сеченова.

194223, Санкт-Петербург, пр. Тореза, 44. +7 (904) 338-22-80

Eugene P. Kharchenko – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), leader researcher of I. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy Sciences.

194223, St. Petersburg, Toreza pr., 44. +7 (904) 338-22-80

neuro.children@mail.ruФГБУН «Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова» РАНРоссияSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and BiochemistryRussian Federation20230705202322212­-22Copyright © Харченко Е.П., 20232023Харченко Е.П.Kharchenko E.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1772

В статье рассматриваются свойства S-белка пандемического штамма XBB.1.5 в сравнении с гемагглютинином Н1 пандемических штаммов вируса гриппа 1918 г. и 2009 г. S-белок XBB.1.5 содержит уже более 40 мутаций, реализованных путём замен разных аминокислот посредством одно- и динуклеотидных замен, делеций и использованием преимущественно трансверсий. Изменчивость гемагглютинина вируса гриппа А(Н1N1) сопряжена с однонуклеотидными заменами при постоянстве его длины. Условная экстраполяция данных по изменчивости гемагглютинина вируса гриппа на размеры S-белка коронавирусов даёт основание полагать, что в последующие 2-3 года возникнут новые пандемические штаммы, избегающие иммунную защиту, сформированную вакцинацией против предшествовавших им штаммов. Невозможность создания через адаптивную иммунную систему длительного иммунитета к пандемическим коронавирусам, как и к другим респираторным вирусам с коротким инкубационным циклом, ставит в повестку дня необходимость поиска новых конструкций вакцин, обеспечивающих сочетание долговременного адаптивного и тренированного иммунитета. Проблемы в поисках таких вакцин связаны с регуляцией активности врождённой иммунной системы и обеспечением стабильности натренированного иммунитета.

The article discusses the properties of the pandemic strain XBB.1.5 S protein in comparison with the 1918 and 2009 pandemic strains hemagglutinin H1. The S-protein XBB.1.5 already contains more than 40 mutations realized by substituting different amino acids through single and dinucleotide substitutions, deletions and the use of predominantly transversions. The variability of H1N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin is associated with single nucleotide substitutions at a constant length. Conditional extrapolation of influenza virus hemagglutinin variability data on coronavirus S-protein sizes suggests that new pandemic strains will emerge in the next 2-3 years, avoiding the immune defense formed by vaccination against the strains preceding them. The inability to create through the adaptive immune system a long-term immunity to pandemic coronaviruses, as well as to other respiratory viruses with a short incubation cycle, puts on the agenda the need to find new vaccine designs that provide a combination of long-term adaptive and trained immunity. The problem in the search for such vaccines is associated with the regulation of the activity of the innate immune system and ensuring the stability of trained immunity.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.