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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2016-15-4-48-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-180</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ВОЗ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WHO INFORMATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпидемиология ванкомицин-резистентных энтерококков в отделениях различного профиля</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Various Medical Wards</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liubimova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Lubimova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаляпина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalyapina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">najdenka13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колоджиева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolodzhieva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ряховских</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Riachovskich</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrieva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бродина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brodina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишмаков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishmakov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Любимова А.В., Шаляпина Н.А., Колоджиева В.В., Ряховских С.А., Дмитриева О.В., Бродина Т.В., Шишмаков А.А., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Любимова А.В., Шаляпина Н.А., Колоджиева В.В., Ряховских С.А., Дмитриева О.В., Бродина Т.В., Шишмаков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Liubimova A.V., Shalyapina N.A., Kolodzhieva V.V., Riachovskich S.A., Dmitrieva O.V., Brodina T.V., Shishmakov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/180">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/180</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Ванкомицин-резистентные энтерококки (vancomycin-resistant enterococci - VRE) являются одними из ведущих возбудителей инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи. Для разработки эффективного эпидемиологического надзора необходимы сведения о частоте распространения VRE в отделениях различного профиля стационара. Цель. Выявить отделения риска по распространению VRE в стационарах Санкт-Петербурга. Материалы и методы. Исследование точечной превалентности колонизации/инфекции пациентов и контаминации объектов внешней среды было проведено в течение 2013 - 2014 годов в восьми отделениях различного медицинского профиля: реанимации новорожденных, патологии новорожденных, общей детской хирургии, трансплантации костного мозга (ТКМ для подростков), онкохирургии органов желудочно-кишечного тракта и молочной железы, гемодиализа (три отделения). В каждом отделений проводилось трехкратное ежемесячное микробиологическое исследование клинического материала от пациентов (N = 857) и смывов с объектов внешней среды (N=508). Верификацию устойчивости энтерококков к ванкомицину выявляли амплификацией кассет ванкомицин-резистентности vanA и VanB согласно методике, предложенной S. Dutka-Malen et al. Молекулярно-генетическое типирование энтерококков методом ПЦР со «случайными» праймерами (RAPD-ПЦР) проводилось с применением универсального праймера R5 (5’-AACGCGCAAC-3’) в концентрации 50 пмоль/мкл в соответствии регламента, предложенного B. Martin et al. VNTR-анализ осуществляли по J. Top et al. Результаты. Колонизация пациентов и контаминация внешней среды VRE были выявлены только в отделениях онкогематологии (21,6 на 100 пациентов, 2,6 на 100 смывов), реанимации новорожденных (16,7 на 100 пациентов, 8,5 на 100 смывов) и патологии новорожденных (34,6 на 100 пациентов, 3,3 на 100 смывов). Основными объектами внешней среды, на которых обнаружен VRE, были объекты медицинского назначения общие для всех пациентов (весы, пеленальный стол, процедурный стол, ручки кранов раковины) в отделениях реанимации и патологии новорожденных и объекты не медицинского назначения общие для пациентов (палатные столики, микроволновая печь и полки холодильников) в отделении онкогематологии. Результаты молекулярно-генетического типирования показали идентичность штаммов, выделенных от пациентов и из смывов с объектов внешней среды. Ванкомицинрезистентность за счет наличия кассеты vanA являлась доминирующей. Заключение, Отделениями риска являются отделения выхаживания новорожденных и онкогематологии. Основной путь передачи VRE - контактно-бытовой. Для сдерживания распространения VRE в отделениях данного профиля необходимы разработка схем микробиологического мониторинга за VRE и мероприятий по сдерживанию их распространения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become one of the leading cause of health care-associated infections. Data on occurrence and spread of these pathogens in different types of hospital units are needed to develop effective surveillance and control measures to prevent dissemination of VRE. Aim. The aim of this study was to define hospital units with high risk of VRE dissemination in health care facilities of St. Petersburg. Materials and Methods. Point-prevalence study of colonisation and infection in patients and contamination of the environment was conducted during 2013 - 2014 in 8 hospital units of different types: neonatal intensive care, newborn pathology, general paediatric surgery, bone marrow transplantation (BMT for adolescents), cancer surgery of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and breast cancer, haemodialysis (three units). In each unit microbiological testing of clinical (N=857) and environmental (N=508) samples was conducted three times a months during the study period. Verification of vancomycin resistance in enterococci was conducted by amplification of vanA and vanB cassettes according to the technique developed by S. Dutka-Malen et al. Molecular genetic typing of enterococci by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) was performed with universal primer R5 (5’-AACGCGCAAC-3’) in the concentration of 50 pmol/^L, according to the protocol proposed by B. Martin et al. VNTR analysis was performed according to the technique published by J. Top et al. Results. Colonization of patients and contamination of environment by VRE were detected only in haemato-oncologyunits (21,6 per 100 patients, 2,6 per 100 environmental swabs), neonatal intensive care (16,7 per 100 patients, 8,5 per 100 environmental swabs), and newborn pathology (34,6 per 100 patients, 3,3 per 100 environmental swabs). VRE were detected on the related to patient care environmental objects in common use for all patients (scales, changing tables, procedure tables, sink faucets) in the neonatal intensive care units and non-medical objects shared by all patients (tables in patient rooms, microwave oven and refrigerators shelves) in the haemato-oncology unit. The molecular genetic typing showed that strains of VRE isolated from patients and the environment were identical. Vancomycin resistance due to presence of vanA was dominating. Conclusion. Neonatal and haemato-oncology departments were identified as high risk hospital units. The most common mode of transmission of VRE is contact transmission via hands of health care workers in neonatal units and via environmental objects in haemato-oncology. To contain dissemination of VRE in the high risk units, development of microbiological monitoring of VRE and measures to control their transmission is needed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ванкомицин-резистентные энтерококки</kwd><kwd>превалентность</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетическое типирование</kwd><kwd>vancomycin-resistant enterococci</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>molecular typing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shantala G.B., Nagarathnamma T., Pooja D.R., Harsha T.R., Karthik R. Neonatal septicaemia caused by vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium-a case report. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2014; 8 (11): DD03-DD04.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shantala G.B., Nagarathnamma T., Pooja D.R., Harsha T.R., Karthik R. Neonatal septicaemia caused by vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium-a case report. J. Clin. Diagn. 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