<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="other" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-4-11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-1847</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мукозальные вакцины против бактериальных и вирусных патогенов (обзор проблем при создании рекомбинантной пробиотической мукозальной вакцины)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mucosal Vaccines against Bacterial and Viral Pathogens</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-5589</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Николаевич Суворов – доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент РАН, руководитель отдела молекулярной микробиологии</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. ак. Павлова, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Suvorov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Molecular Microbiology</p><p>12, ak. Pavlov str., St-Petersburg, 197376</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander_suvorov1@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9408-6647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крамская</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kramskaya</surname><given-names>Т. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Анатольевна Крамская – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-­Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Kramskaya – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher</p><p>St-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Tatyana.kramskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гупалова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gupalova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Виталиевна Гупалова – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-­Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Gupalova – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher</p><p>St-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tvgupalova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дешева</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Desheva</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Андреевна Дешева – доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-­Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Desheva – Dr. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher</p><p>St-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">desheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9876-6594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонтьева</surname><given-names>Г. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leontieva</surname><given-names>G. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Федоровна Леонтьева – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-­Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina F. Leontieva – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher</p><p>St-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galeonte@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Institute of Experimental Medicine»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Суворов А.Н., Крамская Т.А., Гупалова Т.В., Дешева Ю.А., Леонтьева Г.Ф., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суворов А.Н., Крамская Т.А., Гупалова Т.В., Дешева Ю.А., Леонтьева Г.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Suvorov A.N., Kramskaya Т.A., Gupalova T.V., Desheva Y.A., Leontieva G.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1847">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1847</self-uri><abstract><p>Слизистые оболочки человеческого организма играют важнейшую роль в развитии, поддержании и регуляции барьерных функций и иммунного гомеостаза, являясь неотъемлемой составляющей общей системы иммунитета. Мукозальные вакцины запускают иммунные процессы в лимфоидной ткани, ассоциированной со слизистыми оболочками организма. Важной задачей мукозальной иммунизации является выбор вектора доставки антигена, который может обеспечить эффективность вакцинации. Авторы статьи на протяжении многих лет исследуют пробиотические свойства энтерококков. В качестве вектора доставки вакцинных антигенов используется безопасный и полезный для организма штамм пробиотика Enterococcus faecium L3. Первоначально в геном пробиотического штамма E. faecium L3 был успешно введен ген, кодирующий белок Вас, – фактор патогенности стрептококков группы В (Streptococcus agalactiae). Было установлено, что при интравагинальном, пероральном и интраназальном способах мукозальной иммунизации пробиотиком L3-Bac+, экспрессирующим антигенные детерминанты патогенных стрептококков, у лабораторных животных формируется защита от бактериальной инфекции. Впоследствии комбинантные технологии были усовершенствованы, и разработан универсальный способ включения участка гена интереса в структуру гена основного белка пилей Е. faecium L3. К настоящему времени на базе данной технологии были получены и тестированы кандидатные вакцины против возбудителей различных инфекций: Streptococcus pneumoniae, вируса гриппа А, а после возникновения пандемии Covid-19 – кандидатные вакцины против SARS-Cov-2. В работе одновременно с представлением собственных данных обсуждаются проблемы применения рекомбинантных пробиотических бактерий в качестве вектора доставки вакцинных антигенов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The mucosal membranes of the human body play a crucial role in the development, maintenance, and regulation of barrier functions and immune homeostasis, representing an integral component of the overall immune system. Mucosal vaccines elicit immune processes in the lymphoid tissue associated with the mucosal membranes. A critical objective of mucosal immunization is the identification of an antigen delivery vector capable of ensuring optimal vaccine efficacy. The authors of this article have conducted extensive research on the probiotic properties of enterococci over an extended period. They employ a safe and beneficial probiotic strain, Enterococcus faecium L3, as a delivery vector for vaccine antigens. Initially, the gene encoding the pathogenicity factor Bac, derived from group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae), was successfully integrated into the genome of the probiotic strain E. faecium L3. Intravaginal, oral, and intranasal mucosal immunization methods utilizing the L3-Bac+ probiotic, which expresses antigenic determinants of pathogenic streptococci, were found to confer protection against bacterial infection in laboratory animals. Subsequently, recombinant technologies were refined, leading to the development of a universal method for incorporating a region of interest from the gene into the structure of the major pili protein gene of E. faecium L3. Using this technology, candidate vaccines against various infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza A virus, and SARS-CoV-2 following the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, have been obtained and tested. In this study, alongside the presentation of our own data, the challenges associated with utilizing recombinant probiotic bacteria as vectors for vaccine antigen delivery are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мукозальные вакцины</kwd><kwd>рекомбинантные штаммы</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>E. faecium L3</kwd><kwd>бактериальные инфекции</kwd><kwd>вирусные инфекции</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mucosal vaccines</kwd><kwd>recombinant strains</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>E. faecium L3</kwd><kwd>bacterial infections</kwd><kwd>viral infections</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johansson EL, Wassén L, Holmgren J, Jertborn M, Rudin A. Nasal and vaginal vaccinations have differential effects on antibody responses in vaginal and cervical secretions in humans. Infect Immun. 2001;69(12):7481–6. doi:10.1128/IAI.01403-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johansson EL, Wassén L, Holmgren J, Jertborn M, Rudin A. Nasal and vaginal vaccinations have differential effects on antibody responses in vaginal and cervical secretions in humans. Infect Immun. 2001;69(12):7481–6. doi:10.1128/IAI.01403-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma Y., Luo Y., Huang X., Song F., Liu G. Construction of Bifidobacterium infantis as a live oral vaccine that expresses antigens. Microbiology. 2012;158: 498–504. doi:10.1099/mic.0.049932-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma Y., Luo Y., Huang X., Song F., Liu G. Construction of Bifidobacterium infantis as a live oral vaccine that expresses antigens. Microbiology. 2012;158: 498–504. doi:10.1099/mic.0.049932-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Azevedo M, Karczewski J, Lefévre F, et al. In vitro and in vivo characterization of DNA delivery using recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing a mutated form of L. monocytogenes Internalin. BMC Microbiol. 2012; 12: 299. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-299</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Azevedo M, Karczewski J, Lefévre F, et al. In vitro and in vivo characterization of DNA delivery using recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing a mutated form of L. monocytogenes Internalin. BMC Microbiol. 2012; 12: 299. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-299</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laiño J., Villena J., Zelaya H., Moyano R.O., Salva S., Alvarez S., Suvorov A. Nasal immunization with recombinant chimeric pneumococcal protein and cell wall from immunobiotic bacteria improve resistance of infant mice to streptococcus pneumoniae infection. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(11):e0206661. doi: 10.1371/jornal.pone0206661</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laiño J., Villena J., Zelaya H., Moyano R.O., Salva S., Alvarez S., Suvorov A. Nasal immunization with recombinant chimeric pneumococcal protein and cell wall from immunobiotic bacteria improve resistance of infant mice to streptococcus pneumoniae infection. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(11):e0206661. doi: 10.1371/jornal.pone0206661</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грабовская К. Б., Леонтьева Г. Ф., Мерингова Л. Ф. и др. Протективные свойства некоторых поверхностных белков стрептококков группы В. Журн. микробиол., 2007;5:44 –50. /Grabovskaya K., Leontieva G., Meringova L., et al. Protective properties of some surface proteins of the streptococcus group B. Journal of microbiology. 2007;5:44–50 ( in Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Грабовская К. Б., Леонтьева Г. Ф., Мерингова Л. Ф. и др. Протективные свойства некоторых поверхностных белков стрептококков группы В. Журн. микробиол., 2007;5:44 –50. /Grabovskaya K., Leontieva G., Meringova L., et al. Protective properties of some surface proteins of the streptococcus group B. Journal of microbiology. 2007;5:44–50 ( in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suvorov A., Dukhovlinov I., Leontieva G., et al. Chimeric protein PSPF, a potential vaccine for prevention Streptococcus pneumonia infection. Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination. 2015;6:6. doi 2157-7560/1000304</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suvorov A., Dukhovlinov I., Leontieva G., et al. Chimeric protein PSPF, a potential vaccine for prevention Streptococcus pneumonia infection. Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination. 2015;6:6. doi 2157-7560/1000304</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mojgani N., Shahali Y., Dadar M. Immune modulatory capacity of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and applications in vaccine development. Benef Microbes. 2020;11(3):213– 226. doi: 10.3920/BM2019.0121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mojgani N., Shahali Y., Dadar M. Immune modulatory capacity of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and applications in vaccine development. Benef Microbes. 2020;11(3):213– 226. doi: 10.3920/BM2019.0121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarasova E., Yermolenko E., Donets V, et al. The influence of probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain L5 on the microbiota and cytokines expression in rats with. dysbiosis induced by antibiotics. Beneficial Microbs.2010; 1: 265–270.doi:3920|BM2010.0008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarasova E., Yermolenko E., Donets V, et al. The influence of probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain L5 on the microbiota and cytokines expression in rats with. dysbiosis induced by antibiotics. Beneficial Microbs.2010; 1: 265–270.doi:3920|BM2010.0008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karaseva A, Tsapieva A, Pachebat J, Suvorov A. Draft Genome Sequence of Probiotic Enterococcus faecium Strain L-3. Genome Announc. 2016; 28;4(1):e01622–15. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.01622-15. PMID: 26823581; PMCID: PMC4732334</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karaseva A, Tsapieva A, Pachebat J, Suvorov A. Draft Genome Sequence of Probiotic Enterococcus faecium Strain L-3. Genome Announc. 2016; 28;4(1):e01622–15. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.01622-15. PMID: 26823581; PMCID: PMC4732334</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davies JR, Svensäter G, Herzberg MC. Identification of novel LPXTG-linked surface proteins from Streptococcus gordonii. Microbiology (Reading). 2009; 155(6):1977–1988. doi:10.1099/mic.0.027854-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davies JR, Svensäter G, Herzberg MC. Identification of novel LPXTG-linked surface proteins from Streptococcus gordonii. Microbiology (Reading). 2009; 155(6):1977–1988. doi:10.1099/mic.0.027854-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pinkston K.L., Singh K.V., Gao P., et al. Targeting pili in enterococcal pathogenesis. Infect.Immun.2014;82(4):1540–1547. doi:10.1128/IAI.01403-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinkston K.L., Singh K.V., Gao P., et al. Targeting pili in enterococcal pathogenesis. Infect.Immun.2014;82(4):1540–1547. doi:10.1128/IAI.01403-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupalova T., Leontieva G., Kramskaya T., et al. Development of experimental GBS vaccine for mucosal immunization. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0196564. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196564</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupalova T., Leontieva G., Kramskaya T., et al. Development of experimental GBS vaccine for mucosal immunization. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0196564. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196564</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupalova T., Leontieva G., Kramskaya T., et al. Development of experimental pneumococcal vaccine for mucosal immunization. PLoS One. 2019;28;14(6):e0218679. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218679. PMID: 31251760; PMCID: PMC6599147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupalova T., Leontieva G., Kramskaya T., et al. Development of experimental pneumococcal vaccine for mucosal immunization. PLoS One. 2019;28;14(6):e0218679. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218679. PMID: 31251760; PMCID: PMC6599147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Desheva Y., Leontieva G., Kramskaya T., et al. Developing a Live Probiotic Vaccine Based on the Enterococcus faecium L3 Strain Expressing Influenza Neuraminidase. Microorganisms. 2021; 27;9(12):2446. doi:10.3390/microorganisms9122446</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Desheva Y., Leontieva G., Kramskaya T., et al. Developing a Live Probiotic Vaccine Based on the Enterococcus faecium L3 Strain Expressing Influenza Neuraminidase. Microorganisms. 2021; 27;9(12):2446. doi:10.3390/microorganisms9122446</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Desheva Y., Leontieva G., Kramskaya T., et al. Associated virus-bacterial vaccine based on seasonal LAIV and S. pneumoniae chimeric peptide provide protection against post-influenza pneumococcal infection in mouse model. Virulence. 2022;13(1):558–568. doi:10.1080/21505594.2022.2049496</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Desheva Y., Leontieva G., Kramskaya T., et al. Associated virus-bacterial vaccine based on seasonal LAIV and S. pneumoniae chimeric peptide provide protection against post-influenza pneumococcal infection in mouse model. Virulence. 2022;13(1):558–568. doi:10.1080/21505594.2022.2049496</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mezhenskaya D, Isakova-Sivak I, Gupalova T, et al. A Live Probiotic Vaccine Prototype Based on Conserved Influenza a Virus Antigens Protect Mice against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection. Biomedicines. 2021;21;9(11):1515. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9111515</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mezhenskaya D, Isakova-Sivak I, Gupalova T, et al. A Live Probiotic Vaccine Prototype Based on Conserved Influenza a Virus Antigens Protect Mice against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection. Biomedicines. 2021;21;9(11):1515. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9111515</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suvorov A, Gupalova T, Desheva Y, et al. Construction of the Enterococcal Strain Expressing Immunogenic Fragment of SARS-Cov-2 Virus. Front Pharmacol. 2022;5(12):807256. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.807256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suvorov A, Gupalova T, Desheva Y, et al. Construction of the Enterococcal Strain Expressing Immunogenic Fragment of SARS-Cov-2 Virus. Front Pharmacol. 2022;5(12):807256. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.807256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
