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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-12-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-1848</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение специфической активности дифтерийного анатоксина в комбинированных вакцинах методом кожно-некротических проб</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assay of Diphtheria Vaccine Potency by Intradermal Challenge Test</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9035-6072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаровская</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarovskaya</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Игоревна Комаровская – ведущий эксперт лаборатории анатоксинов и антитоксических препаратов</p><p>Москва, 127051, Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Komarovskaya – Leading Expert of the Laboratory for Toxoids and Antitoxic Sera</p><p>8/2 Petrovskii Blvd, Moscow, 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Komarovskaya@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5029-3751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перелыгина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perelygyna</surname><given-names>О. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Викторовна Перелыгина – кандидат медицинских наук, начальник лаборатории анатоксинов и антитоксических препаратов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Perelygina – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of  the laboratory for Toxoids and Antitoxic Sera</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Pereligina@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комаровская Е.И., Перелыгина О.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комаровская Е.И., Перелыгина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarovskaya E.I., Perelygyna О.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1848">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1848</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В последние годы в Европейском союзе ведется политика, направленная на снижение использования животных в исследованиях, в т. ч. фармацевтических. В рамках данного подхода предлагаются альтернативные методы оценки иммуногенности, в частности, дифтерийного анатоксина, к примеру, метод кожно-некротических проб (intradermal challenge test). Специфическая активность дифтерийного анатоксина данным методом оценивается по его способности защищать иммунизированных животных от дермонекротического действия дифтерийного токсина.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сравнение методов летального заражения и кожно-некротических проб для определения специфической активности дифтерийного анатоксина в комбинированных вакцинах и анатоксинах российского производства.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе использовались отечественные и зарубежные комбинированные вакцины и анатоксины для профилактики дифтерии, дифтерийные токсины, референс-препараты. Определение специфической активности дифтерийного анатоксина проводили на морских свинках фармакопейными методами: летального заражения и кожно-некротических проб.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Для оценки специфической активности дифтерийного анатоксина использована методика, соответствующая рекомендациям ВОЗ, для этого были подобраны морские свинки, аналогичные по чувствительности к дифтерийному токсину свинкам Dunkin Hartley, и проведены сравнительные испытания методов кожно-некротических проб и летального заражения для определения специфической активности дифтерийного анатоксина.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Результаты исследования продемонстрировали принципиальную возможность применения метода кожно-некротических проб для оценки специфической активности дифтерийного анатоксина. Однако по ряду факторов, таких как вариабельность результатов, количество животных и др., метод кожно-некротических проб уступает методу летального заражения при оценке специфической активности дифтерийного анатоксина в рутинной практике.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Modern identifying potency (immunogenicity) of diphtheria toxoid tests are based on determining immunized animals resistance for administration challenge toxin or evaluation of protective antibodies level in serum. In Russia to assess the potency of diphtheria toxoid (DT) the challenge lethal method has been used for more than 60 years, challenge is based on determination of potency via its possibility to defend immunized animals from lethal doses of diphtheria toxin. This method is used as «golden standard». Last decade European Union Regulatory politic is headed to reduce of using animals in pharmaceutical practice, "The Three Rs" approach. In frameworks of this approach alternative methods of evaluating immunogenicity DT were purposed, particularly, intradermal challenge method. Within this test the potency of diphtheria toxoid is evaluated by its possibility to protect immunized animals from intradermal administration of diphtheria toxin. In the production of a number of foreign vaccines intradermal challenge test is used for assessing potency.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Comparative characteristics of methods of lethal challenge test and intradermal challenge tests to determine the potency of diphtheria toxoid in combined vaccines and toxoids made in Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Materials of domestic and foreign manufacturers were used in the work: combined vaccines for diphtheria prevention, diphtheria toxins, reference-vaccine. The determination of the potency of diphtheria toxoid was carried out on guinea pigs by pharmacopoeias methods: lethal challenge test and intradermal challenge tests.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. To assess the potency of diphtheria toxoid using, a technique was used in accordance with WHO recommendations; for this, guinea pigs similar in sensitivity to diphtheria toxin to Dunkin Hartley pigs were selected. The suitability of the diphtheria toxin used in Russia for determining the potency of diphtheria toxoid by the method of intradermal challenge test was assessed when evaluating the effectiveness of vaccines for the prevention of diphtheria. Comparative tests of the intradermal challenge tests and lethal challenge tests were carried out to determine the potency of diphtheria toxoid.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The conducted studies have demonstrated the fundamental possibility of using the intradermal challenge tests to assess the potency of diphtheria toxoid. However, for a number of factors, such as the variability of results, the number of animals, etc., the intradermal challenge tests is inferior to the method of lethal challenge tests in assessing the potency of diphtheria vaccines in routine practice.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дифтерийный анатоксин</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность дифтерийного анатоксина</kwd><kwd>летальное заражение</kwd><kwd>дифтерийный токсин</kwd><kwd>дермонекротическое действие</kwd><kwd>дифтерийная эритема</kwd><kwd>кожная проба</kwd><kwd>АКДС-вакцина</kwd><kwd>метод Ремера</kwd><kwd>метод кожно-некротических проб</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diphtheria toxoid</kwd><kwd>challenge potency test for diphtheria vaccine</kwd><kwd>lethal challenge method</kwd><kwd>diohtheria toxin</kwd><kwd>erythrogenic toxic effect</kwd><kwd>specific diphtheria erythema</kwd><kwd>DTwP-vaccine</kwd><kwd>the Roemer method</kwd><kwd>intradermal challenge method</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00001-22-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР 121022000147-4)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study reported in this publication was carried out as part of publicly funded research project No. 056- 00001-22-00 and was supported by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products (R&amp;D public accounting No. 121022000147-4)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manual for Quality Control of Diphtheria, Tetanus and PertussisVaccines, World Health Organization 2013. 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