epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-149-152epidemiology-1860Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWДревнее происхождение вируса иммунодефицита человекаThe Ancient Origin of HIVСергиевВ. П.SergievV. P.

Владимир Петрович Сергиев – академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор

Москва

Vladimir P. Sergiev – Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor 

Moscow 

v.sergiev@yandex.ruФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Healthcare Ministry of RussiaRussian Federation202321092023224149152Copyright © Сергиев В.П., 20232023Сергиев В.П.Sergiev V.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1860

Анализ научной литературы показал, что циркуляция ВИЧ наблюдается среди людей в течение нескольких столетий, а, возможно, и тысячелетий. Это подтверждают не только молекулярно-генетические исследования, но и наличие у людей совершенной генетической защиты от ВИЧ. Формирование подобных изменений в геноме требует длительной ко-эволюции между человеком и патогеном. Вероятно, что этот человеческий вирус (ВИЧ) позднее попал от человека в популяцию обезьян и приматов.

Analysis of scientific publications is revealed that HIV transmission been present among humans for centuries or thousand years. This evidence had been proved by molecular and genetic methods. Additionally, to molecular methods the fact been proved by the presence in humans of a perfect genetic defense against HIV. There is a long co-evolution between humans and their pathogens needed to develop genetic defense mechanisms.

ВИЧ-инфекцияэволюцияHIVevolutionReferencesВасильев К. Г., Сегал А. Е. История эпидемий в России. М.: МедГиз, 1960, 398 с.Vasiliev K.G., Segal A.E. The history of epidemics in Russia. M.: MedGiz. 1960, 398 p. (In Russ.).Lederberg J. Infectious diseases as an evolutionary paradigm. Emerg Infect Dis 1997;3:417–423.Lederberg J. Infectious diseases as an evolutionary paradigm. Emerg Infect Dis 1997;3:417–423.Haldane J.B.S. Disease and evolution. Ric. Scient. Suppl., 1949;18:68–76.Haldane J.B.S. Disease and evolution. Ric. Scient. Suppl., 1949;18:68–76.Сергиев В. П., Филатов Н. Н. Инфекционные болезни на рубеже веков. Осознание биологической угрозы. М.: Наука, 2006, 572 с.Sergiev V.P., Filatov N.N. Infectious diseases at the century’s boundary. M.: Nauka, 2006, 571 p. (In Russ.).Hyde J.E. Molecular parasitology. Buckingham: Open Univ. Press, 1999, 302 p.Hyde J.E. Molecular parasitology. Buckingham: Open Univ. Press, 1999, 302 p.Сергиев В. П., Филатов Н. Н. Человек и его паразиты. Соперничество геномов и молекулярное взаимодействие. М.: Наука, 2010, 398 с.Sergiev V.P., Filatov N.N. Man and its parasites. Genomes competition and molecular cooperation. M.: Nauka, 2010, 398 p. (In Russ.).White E., Brown D.M. The first men. Nederland: Time-Life Intern, 1973, 354 c.White E., Brown D.M. The first men. Nederland: Time-Life Intern, 1973, 354 c.Iseman M.D. Evolution of drug-resistant tuberculosis: a tale of two species. In: Roisman B. (ed.) Infectious diseases in the age of change. Impact of human ecology and behavior on disease transmission. Washington: National Academy Press, 1995, pp. 135–140.Iseman M.D. Evolution of drug-resistant tuberculosis: a tale of two species. In: Roisman B. (ed.) Infectious diseases in the age of change. Impact of human ecology and behavior on disease transmission. Washington: National Academy Press, 1995, pp. 135–140.Benenson A.S. (ed.). Control of communicable diseases in man. Washington: APHA, 1990. 532 p.Benenson A.S. (ed.). Control of communicable diseases in man. Washington: APHA, 1990. 532 p.Stenberg S. HIV comes in five family groups. Science 1992. 256:966.Stenberg S. HIV comes in five family groups. Science 1992. 256:966.Mavongou D. AIDS epicenter. Science 1992. 257:598–599.Mavongou D. AIDS epicenter. Science 1992. 257:598–599.Eigen M., Nieselt-Struwe K. How old is the immunodeficiency virus? AIDS, 1990. 4, (Suppl. 1):S85–S93.Eigen M., Nieselt-Struwe K. How old is the immunodeficiency virus? AIDS, 1990. 4, (Suppl. 1):S85–S93.Ewald P.W. Evolution of infectious diseases. NY: Oxford, 1994, 298 p.Ewald P.W. Evolution of infectious diseases. NY: Oxford, 1994, 298 p.Myers G., MacInnes K., Korber B. The emergence of simian/human immunodeficiency viruses. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 1992. 8:373–386.Myers G., MacInnes K., Korber B. The emergence of simian/human immunodeficiency viruses. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 1992. 8:373–386.Agut H., Rabanel B., Remy G., et al. Isolation of atypical HIV-1-related retrovirus from AIDS-patient. Lancet. 1992. 340:681–682.Agut H., Rabanel B., Remy G., et al. Isolation of atypical HIV-1-related retrovirus from AIDS-patient. Lancet. 1992. 340:681–682.Wooding S., Stone A.C., Dunn D.M., et al. Contrasting effect of natural selection on human and chimpanzee CCR5 chemokine receptor. S. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2005. 76:291– 301.Wooding S., Stone A.C., Dunn D.M., et al. Contrasting effect of natural selection on human and chimpanzee CCR5 chemokine receptor. S. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2005. 76:291– 301.Кофиади И. А., Хаитов Р. М., Алексеев Л. П. и др. Иммуногенетика человека: чувствительность и устойчивость к ВИЧ/СПИД. Физиол. и патол. иммун. сист. 2009, т. 13, с. 3–9.Kofiadi I.A., Khaitov R.M., Alekseev L.P., et al. Man’s immunogenetic: susceptibility and resistance to HIV/AIDS. Physiol. and pathol. of immune syst. 2009, 13:3–9 (In Russ.).Stephens J.C., Reich D.E., Goldstein D.B., et al. Dating the origin of the CCR5Δ32 AIDS-resistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1998. 62:1507– 1515.Stephens J.C., Reich D.E., Goldstein D.B., Shin H.D., Smith M.W. и др. Dating the origin of the CCR5Δ32 AIDS-resistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1998. 62:1507–1515.Бобкова М. Р. Молекулярно-генетические методы в изучении эпидемиологии инфекций, возбудители которых передаются парентеральным путем. Автореф. дисс. … д-ра биол. наук. М., 2002, 42 с.Bobkova M.R. Molecular-genetic methods in the study of pathogens transmitted by parenteral rout. DSci (biol) thesis M., 2002, 42 p. (In Russ.).Liber F., Cochaux P., Beckman G., et al. The ΔCCR5 mutation conferring protection against HIV-1 in Caucasian population has a single and recent origin in Northeast Europe. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1998. 7:399–406.Liber F., Cochaux P., Beckman G., et al. The ΔCCR5 mutation conferring protection against HIV-1 in Caucasian population has a single and recent origin in Northeast Europe. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1998. 7:399–406.Limbovska S.A., Balanovsky O.P., Balanovskaya E.V., et al. Analysis of CCR5Delta32 geographic distribution and its correlation with some climatic and geographical factors. Hum. Hered. 2002. 53:49–54.Limbovska S.A., Balanovsky O.P., Balanovskaya E.V., et al. Analysis of CCR5Delta32 geographic distribution and its correlation with some climatic and geographical factors. Hum. Hered. 2002. 53:49–54.Hummel S., Schmidt D., Kremeyer D., Herrmann B., Oppermann V. Detection of the CCR5-Delta32 HIV resistance gene in Bronze Age skeletons. Genes Immunol. 2005. 6:371– 374.Hummel S., Schmidt D., Kremeyer D., Herrmann B., Oppermann V. Detection of the CCR5-Delta32 HIV resistance gene in Bronze Age skeletons. Genes Immunol. 2005. 6:371– 374.November J., Galvani A.P., Slatkin M. The geographical spread of the CCR5 Δ32 HIV-resistance allele. PLoS Biol. 2005. 3:1954–1963.November J., Galvani A.P., Slatkin M. The geographical spread of the CCR5 Δ32 HIV-resistance allele. PLoS Biol. 2005. 3:1954–1963.Сергиев В. П. Гипотеза о внеафриканском происхождении вируса иммунодефицита человека 1-го типа (ВИЧ-!) Ж. инфектологии. 2012. 4(4):97–104.Sergiev V.P. Hypothesis of out of Africa origin of HIV-1. J. infectol. 2012, 4(4):97–104 (In Russ.).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.