<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-6-19-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-1902</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические проявления COVID­19 в разные периоды пандемии у лиц из профессиональных групп риска инфицирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 in Different Periods of the Pandemic in Persons from Occupational Risk Groups of Infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-854X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Александровна Платонова – к. м. н., заведующая эпидемиологическим отделом – врач-эпидемиолог; ассистент кафедры эпидемиологии, социальной гигиены и организации госсанэпидслужбы</p><p>+7 (343) 344-27-67, доб. 1894, +7 (982) 691-88-30</p><p>г. Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Platonova – Cand. Sci. (Med.), head of the epidemiological Department - epidemiologist; assistant of the Department of epidemiology, social hygiene and organization of the state sanitary and epidemiological service</p><p>+7 (343) 344-27-67, add. 1894, +7 (982) 691-88-30</p><p>113, Sheinkmana str., Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russia</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fill.1990@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-2165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алла Александровна Голубкова – д. м. н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи; профессор кафедры эпидемиологии</p><p>+7 (912) 617-39-85</p><p>111123, г. Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3а</p><p>125993, г. Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, строение 1</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla A. Golubkova – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, leading researcher of the laboratory of infections associated with the provision of medical care; professor of the Department of Epidemiology</p><p>+7 (912) 617-39-85</p><p>3А Novogireevskaya str., Moscow, 111123, Russia</p><p>building 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya str., Moscow, 125993, Russia</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">allagolubkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1692-522X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скляр</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sklyar</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Семенович Скляр – д. м. н., генеральный директор</p><p>+7 (343) 344-27-67, доб.1000</p><p>620144, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Шейнкмана, д. 113</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail S. Sklyar – Dr. Sci. (Med.), General Director</p><p>113 Sheinkmana str., Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russia</p><p>+7 (343) 344-27-67, add. 1000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@ugmk-clinic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6236-4916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карбовничая</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karbovnichaya</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Карбовничая – заведующая клинико-диагностической лабораторией</p><p>+7 (343) 344-27-67, доб.1940, +7 (909) 008-15-50</p><p>620144, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Шейнкмана, д.113</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Karbovnichaya – Head of the clinical and diagnostic laboratory</p><p>+7 (343) 344-27-67, add. 1940, +7 (909) 008-15-50</p><p>113 Sheinkmana str., Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KarbovnichaiaEA@ugmk-clinic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3273-0660</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варченко</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varchenko</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилл Вадимович Варченко – ведущий программист отдела этиологии и эпидемиологии</p><p>+7 (911) 176-25-75</p><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 15/17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill V. Varchenko – leading programmer of department of etiology and epidemiology</p><p>+7 (911) 176-25-75</p><p>15/17 Prof. Popova str., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirill.varchenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3495-4393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Андреевна Иванова – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии</p><p>+7 (911) 758-44-84</p><p>97376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 15/17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Ivanova – junior researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Virology</p><p>+7 (911) 758-44-84</p><p>15/17 Prof. Popova str., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.e.svobodniy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-1255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссаров</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Борисович Комиссаров – заведующий лабораторией молекулярной вирусологии</p><p>+7 (812) 499–15–20, +7 (921) 927-37-29</p><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 15/17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey B. Komissarov – head of the Laboratory of Molecular Virology</p><p>+7 (812) 499–15–20, +7 (921) 927-37-29</p><p>15/17 Prof. Popova str., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.b.komissarov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-7354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиознов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lioznov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Анатольевич Лиознов – д. м. н., директор; заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии</p><p>+7 (812) 499–15–00</p><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 15/17</p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Lioznov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director; Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology</p><p>+7 (812) 499–15–00</p><p>15/17 Prof. Popova str., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia</p><p>6-8 Lev Tolstoy str., St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">office@influenza.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Европейский медицинский центр «УГМК-Здоровье»; ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>European medical center «UMMC-Health»; Ural state medical university of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «ЦНИИ эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central research Institute of epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Европейский медицинский центр «УГМК-Здоровье»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>European medical center «UMMC-Health»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Платонова Т.А., Голубкова А.А., Скляр М.С., Карбовничая Е.А., Варченко К.В., Иванова А.А., Комиссаров А.Б., Лиознов Д.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Платонова Т.А., Голубкова А.А., Скляр М.С., Карбовничая Е.А., Варченко К.В., Иванова А.А., Комиссаров А.Б., Лиознов Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Platonova T.A., Golubkova A.A., Sklyar M.S., Karbovnichaya E.A., Varchenko K.V., Ivanova A.A., Komissarov A.B., Lioznov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1902">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1902</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Одной из наиболее пострадавших от новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) групп населения стали медицинские работники, которые имеют высокие риски инфицирования при исполнении профессиональных обязанностей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проанализировать клинические проявления COVID-19 в разные периоды пандемии у сотрудников медицинских организаций с учетом прививочного статуса и генетической изменчивости циркулирующих штаммов SARS-CoV-2.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для изучения клинических проявлений коронавирусной инфекции в марте 2022 г. был проведен онлайн-опрос медицинских работников крупного промышленного региона по специально разработанной анонимной анкете. Общее количество респондентов составило 3078. Клинические проявления проанализированы на протяжении пяти эпидемических подъемов заболеваемости COVID-19 с марта 2020 г. по март 2022 г. Для оценки циркулировавших в регионе штаммов вируса SARS-CoV-2 были использованы данные базы GISAID (первая и вторая волны пандемии, n = 298) и результаты ПЦР-исследований в лаборатории ООО «УГМК-Здоровье» (третья – пятая волны, n = 349).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В первый и второй эпидемические подъемы заболеваемости, ассоциированные со штаммами SARS-CoV-2 В.1. и В.1.1, структура клинических форм значимо не различалась: 3,6% и 3,9% составляли бессимптомные формы, 61,3% – варианты острой респираторной инфекции (ОРИ) и 35,1% и 34,8% – пневмонии соответственно. В третий эпидемический подъем, обусловленный вариантом Delta (В.1.617.2), структура клинических форм не претерпела существенных изменений. В четвертый эпидемический подъем заболеваемости, также связанный с распространением варианта Delta, в структуре клинических форм доля ОРИ увеличилась до 77,0%, а пневмонии – уменьшилась до 21,3%. В пятую волну пандемии, вызванную геновариантом Omicron (B.1.1.529), имело место увеличение до 91,3% доли легких клинических форм и снижение до 7,1% форм с поражением легких. Показана высокая клиническая эффективность вакцинации – в части снижения в 3,6 раза шансов развития среднетяжелых и тяжелых форм заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. По итогам проведенного исследования получены новые данные об особенностях клинических проявлений COVID-19 в разные периоды пандемии при смене генетических вариантов возбудителя и показана роль вакцинопрофилактики в предупреждении развития среднетяжелых и тяжелых клинических форм инфекции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. One of the most affected by the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) groups of the population were medical workers who have high risks of infection in the performance of professional duties</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Analysis the clinical manifestations of COVID–19 in different periods of the pandemic in medical organizations, taking into account the genetic variability of circulating strains of SARSCoV- 2 and vaccination status.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. To study the clinical manifestations of coronavirus infection, an online survey of medical workers in a large industrial region was conducted in March 2022 using a specially designed anonymous questionnaire. The total number of respondents was 3,078. Clinical manifestations were analyzed during five epidemic rises in the incidence of COVID-19 from March 2020 to March 2022. To assess the SARS-CoV-2 virus strains circulating in the region, data from the GISAID database (the first and second waves of the pandemic, n = 298) and the results of PCR studies in the laboratory of UMMC-Health LLC (third - fifth waves, n = 349) were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In the first and second epidemic rises of morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2 strains B.1. and B.1.1, the structure of clinical forms did not significantly differ: 3.6% and 3.9% were asymptomatic forms, 61.3% – variants of acute respiratory infection (AR I) and 35.1% and 34.8% - pneumonia, accordingly. In the third epidemic upsurge caused by the Delta variant (V.1.617.2), the structure of clinical forms did not undergo significant changes. In the fourth epidemic rise in morbidity, also associated with the spread of the Delta variant, the share of ARI in the structure of clinical forms increased to 77.0%, and pneumonia decreased to 21.3%.In the fifth wave of the pandemic caused by the Omicron gene variant (B.1.1.529), there was an increase to 91.3% of the proportion of mild clinical forms and a decrease to 7.1% of forms with lung damage. The frequency of detection of general infectious symptoms, upper respiratory tract lesions and neurological manifestations of COVID-19 had statistically significant differences in different periods of the pandemic. Whereas the frequency of gastrointestinal disorders did not significantly differ. The high clinical efficacy of vaccination has been shown – in ter ms of a 3.6-fold reduction in the chances of developing moderate and severe forms of the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, new data were obtained on the features of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in different periods of the pandemic with the change of genetic variants of the pathogen and the role of vaccination in preventing the development of moderate and severe clinical forms of infection was shown.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>медицинские работники</kwd><kwd>клинические проявления</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>генетические варианты</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>medical workers</kwd><kwd>clinical manifestations</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>genetic variants</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гоми Р., Асгари Н., Хаджихейдари А. и др. Пандемия COVID-19: систематический обзор современных данных. Инфекция и иммунитет. 2020;10(4):655–663.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghomi R., Asgari N., Hajiheydari A., et al. The COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of the current evidence. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity (Infektsiya i immunitet). 2020;10(4):655–663. https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-TCP-1508 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акимкин В. Г., Кузин С. Н., Семененко Т. А. и др. Характеристика эпидемиологической ситуации по COVID-19 в Российской Федерации в 2020 г. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2021;76(4):412–422. https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn1505.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akimkin VG, Kuzin SN, Semenenko TA, et al. Characteristics of the epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation in 2020. Annals of the Russian Academy of medical sciences (Vestnik Rossijskoj akademii medicinskih nauk). 2021;76(4):412–422. https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn1505 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брико Н. И., Каграманян И. Н., Никифоров В. В. и др. Пандемия COVID-19. Меры борьбы с ее распространением в Российской Федерации. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2020;19(2):4–12. https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-2-4-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Briko N.I., Kagramanyan I.N., Nikiforov V.V., et al. COVID-19. Prevention Measures in the Russian Federation. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2020;19(2):4–12. https:// doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-2-4-12 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Статистика по коронавирусной инфекции в мире. Портал GOGOV [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://gogov.ru/covid-19/world (дата обращения 01.10.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Statistics on coronavirus infection in the world. GOGOV. [Electronic resource] Mode of access: https://gogov.ru/covid-19/world (accessed 01.10.2022) (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акимкин В. Г., Попова А. Ю., Плоскирева А. А. и др. COVID-19: эволюция пандемии в России. Сообщение I: проявления эпидемического процесса COVID-19. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2022;99(3):269–286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akimkin V.G., Popova A.Yu., Ploskireva A.A., et al. COVID-19: the evolution of the pandemic in Russia. Report I: manifestations of the COVID-19 epidemic process. Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology (Zhurnal mikrobiologii, èpidemiologii i immunobiologii). 2022;99(3):269–286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-276 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпова Л. С., Столяров К. А., Поповцева Н. М. и др. Сравнение первых трех волн пандемии COVID-19 в России (2020–2021 гг.). Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2022;21(2):416. https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-2-4-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpova L.S., Stolyarov K.A., Popovtseva N.M., et al. Comparison of the First Three Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia in 2020–21. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2022;21(2):4–16. https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-2-4-16 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">База данных EpiCov GISAID [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: https://www.gisaid.org (дата обращения 01.04.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Database EpiCov GISAID [Electronic resource] Mode of access: https://www.gisaid.org (accessed 01.04.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunter E., Price D.A., Murphy E., et al. First experience of COVID-19 screening of health-care workers in England. Lancet. 2020;395(10234): e77–e78. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30970-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunter E., Price D.A., Murphy E., et al. First experience of COVID-19 screening of health-care workers in England. Lancet. 2020;395(10234): e77–e78. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30970-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chou R., Dana T., Buckley D.I., et al. Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers: A Living Rapid Review. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(2):120–136. doi: 10.7326/M20-1632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chou R., Dana T., Buckley D.I., Selph S., Fu R., Totten A.M. Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers: A Living Rapid Review. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(2):120–136. doi: 10.7326/M20-1632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сисин Е. И., Голубкова А. А., Козлова И. И. и др. Заболеваемость новой коронавирусной инфекцией медицинских работников и оценка эффективности отдельных технологий их защиты на разных этапах пандемии. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2022;21(4):27–36. https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-4-27-36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sisin E.I., Golubkova A.A., Kozlova I.I., et al. The Incidence of a New Coronavirus Infection in Medical Workers and the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Individual Technologies for their Protection at Different Stages of the Pandemic. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2022;21(4):27–36. https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-4-27-36 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова С. С., Егоров И. А., Жуйков Н. Н. и др. Сравнительная оценка рисков инфицирования SARS-CoV-2 у работников медицинских организаций крупного промышленного города в период пандемии. Анализ риска здоровью. 2022;2:139–150. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.2.13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova S.S., Egorov I.А., Zhuikov N.N., et al. Risks of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 for medical personnel in a large industrial city during the pandemic: comparative assessment. Health Risk Analysis. 2022;2:139–150. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.2.13.eng (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor CA, Patel K, Pham H, et al. Severity of Disease Among Adults Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Before and During the Period of SARSCoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Predominance – COVID-NET, 14 States, January–August 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(43):1513–1519. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7043e1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor CA, Patel K, Pham H, et al. Severity of Disease Among Adults Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Before and During the Period of SARSCoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Predominance – COVID-NET, 14 States, January-August 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(43):1513–1519. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7043e1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olsen RJ, Christensen PA, Long SW, et al. Trajectory of Growth of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants in Houston, Texas, January through May 2021, Based on 12,476 Genome Sequences. Am J Pathol. 2021;191(10):1754–1773. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.07.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olsen RJ, Christensen PA, Long SW, et al. Trajectory of Growth of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants in Houston, Texas, January through May 2021, Based on 12,476 Genome Sequences. Am J Pathol. 2021;191(10):1754–1773. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.07.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duong BV, Larpruenrudee P, Fang T, et al. Is the SARS CoV-2 Omicron Variant Deadlier and More Transmissible Than Delta Variant? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(8):4586. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084586.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duong BV, Larpruenrudee P, Fang T, et al. Is the SARS CoV-2 Omicron Variant Deadlier and More Transmissible Than Delta Variant? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(8):4586. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084586.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christensen PA, Olsen RJ, Long SW, et al. Signals of Significantly Increased Vaccine Breakthrough, Decreased Hospitalization Rates, and Less Severe Disease in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Caused by the Omicron Variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Houston, Texas. Am J Pathol. 2022;192(4):642–652. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.01.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christensen PA, Olsen RJ, Long SW, et al. Signals of Significantly Increased Vaccine Breakthrough, Decreased Hospitalization Rates, and Less Severe Disease in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Caused by the Omicron Variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Houston, Texas. Am J Pathol. 2022;192(4):642–652. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.01.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брико Н. И., Коршунов В. А., Краснова С. В. и др. Клинико-эпидемиологические особенности пациентов, госпитализированных с COVID-19 в различные периоды пандемии в Москве. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2022;99(3):287–299.DOI: https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-272</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Briko N.I., Korshunov V.A., Krasnova S.V., et al. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during different pandemic periods in Moscow. Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2022;99(3):287–299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-272 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iuliano AD, Brunkard JM, Boehmer TK, et al. Trends in Disease Severity and Health Care Utilization During the Early Omicron Variant Period Compared with Previous SARSCoV-2 High Transmission Periods – United States, December 2020-January 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(4):146–152. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iuliano AD, Brunkard JM, Boehmer TK, et al. Trends in Disease Severity and Health Care Utilization During the Early Omicron Variant Period Compared with Previous SARSCoV-2 High Transmission Periods – United States, December 2020-January 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(4):146–152. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Modes ME, Directo MP, Melgar M, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Among Adults Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Periods of B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant Predominance - One Hospital, California, July 15-September 23, 2021, and December 21, 2021-January 27, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(6):217–223. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7106e2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Modes ME, Directo MP, Melgar M, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Among Adults Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Periods of B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant Predominance - One Hospital, California, July 15-September 23, 2021, and December 21, 2021-January 27, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(6):217–223. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7106e2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lauring AS, Tenforde MW, Chappell JD, et al. Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: prospective observational study. BMJ. 2022;376:e069761. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-069761.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lauring AS, Tenforde MW, Chappell JD, et al. Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: prospective observational study. BMJ. 2022;376:e069761. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-069761.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danza P, Koo TH, Haddix M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Hospitalization Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years, by Vaccination Status, Before and During SARSCoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant Predominance - Los Angeles County, California, November 7, 2021-January 8, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(5):177–181. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7105e1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danza P, Koo TH, Haddix M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Hospitalization Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years, by Vaccination Status, Before and During SARSCoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant Predominance – Los Angeles County, California, November 7, 2021-January 8, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(5):177–181. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7105e1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
