epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-6-148-154epidemiology-1915Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWИзучение аспектов формирования генетически детерминированной резистентности к возбудителю норовирусной инфекции посредством полиморфизма гена FUT2Formation of Genetically Determined Resistance against Human Norovirus Infection through Polymorphism of the FUT2 gene: a Review of the Literaturehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-3225БыковР. О.BykovR. O.

Роман Олегович Быков – аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории энтеральных вирусных инфекций

г. Екатеринбург

Roman O. Bykov – Postgraduate student, intern researcher at the Laboratory of Enteral Viral Infections

Ekaterinburg

bykov_ro@eniivi.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3223-8219СеменовА. В.SemenovA. V.

Александр Владимирович Семенов – д. б. н., директор

г. Екатеринбург

Alexander V. Semenov – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Director

Ekaterinburg

semenov_av@eniivi.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7664-3059СтариковаП. К.StarikovaP. K.

Полина Константиновна Старикова – врач-эпидемиолог лаборатории энтеральных вирусных инфекций

г. Екатеринбург

Polina K. Starikova – Epidemiologist of the Laboratory of Enteral Viral Infections

Ekaterinburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-6543ИтаниТ. М.ItaniT. M.

Тарек Мохамедович Итани – к. б. н., зав. лаборатории энтеральных вирусных инфекций

г. Екатеринбург

Tarek M. Itani – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head. Laboratories of Enteral Viral Infections

Ekaterinburg

ФБУН «Федеральный научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций «Виром» РоспотребнадзораРоссияFederal Budgetary Institution of Science «Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome» Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human WellbeingRussian Federation202306012024226148154Copyright © Быков Р.О., Семенов А.В., Старикова П.К., Итани Т.М., 20242024Быков Р.О., Семенов А.В., Старикова П.К., Итани Т.М.Bykov R.O., Semenov A.V., Starikova P.K., Itani T.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1915Актуальность

Актуальность. Норовирусы являются высококонтагиозными возбудителями острой норовирусной инфекции человека. Норовирусная популяция является причиной каждого пятого случая острого небактериального гастроэнтерита, ежегодно поражает около 699 млн человек и вызывает более 200 тыс. случаев смерти по всему миру. Контролируемая экспрессия антигенов HBGA геном FUT2 обуславливает резистентность реактивного организма человека к норовирусу. Полиморфизм генов семейства FUT способствует частичной или полной невосприимчивости к некоторым геногруппам/генотипам норовируса.

Цель

Цель. Охарактеризовать влияние полиморфизма гена FUT2 на восприимчивость людей к возбудителю норовирусной инфекции.

Результаты

Результаты. Нонсенс-мутации G428A в двух гомологичных аллеях способствуют формированию секреторно-отрицательного фенотипа (se), что является фактором, определяющим невосприимчивость к норовирусам. Некоторые миссенсмутации в нуклеотидных позициях se385,571 обеспечивают частичную резистентность к определенным генотипам. Люди с секреторно-отрицательным фенотипом обладают полной невосприимчивостью к генотипу GII.4 и его геновариантам.

Выводы

Выводы. Экспрессия антигенов HBGA функционально неактивным геном FUT2 играет ключевую роль в резистентности человеческой популяции к возбудителю норовирусного гастроэнтерита. Восприимчивость к норовирусному агенту во многом зависит от распространенности фенотипического разнообразия HBGA среди этнических популяций по всему миру. Целенаправленный скрининг, направленный на идентификацию полиморфизма семейства FUT, позволит определять группы риска по инфицированию норовирусом.

Relevance

Relevance. Human Noroviruses (HuNoV) are highly contagious pathogens responsible of acute human norovirus infection. HuNoV is the cause of every fifth case of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis, annually causing about 699 million cases of the disease and more than 200 thousand deaths worldwide. Controlled expression of the HBGA antigens by the FUT2 gene causes resistance to human norovirus. Polymorphisms of the FUT family genes contribute to partial or complete immunity to certain genogroups/ genotypes of norovirus.

Aims

Aims. To characterize the effect of FUT2 gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to HuNoV.

Results

Results. Nonsensemutations of G428A in two homologous alleles contribute to the formation of a secretory-negative phenotype (se), which is a factor determining immunity to noroviruses. Some missense-mutations in the nucleotide positions se385,571 form partial resistance against certain genotypes. People with a secretory-negative phenotype are immune to infection by the GII.4 genotype and its genovariants.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The expression of HLA antigens by the functionally inactive FUT2 gene plays a key role in the resistance of the human population to HuNoV. Susceptibility to HuNoV largely depends on the prevalence of HBGA phenotypic diversity among ethnic populations around the world. Targeted screening aimed at identifying polymorphisms of the FUT family will allow identifying risk groups more susceptible to HuNoV.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.