epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-6-155-161epidemiology-1916Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWЭпидемиологический надзор за туберкулезом: от молекулярных методов к геномным исследованиямEpidemiological Surveillance of Tuberculosis: from Molecular Methods to Genomic Studieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-1983ОгарковО. Б.OgarkovO. B.

Олег Борисович Огарков – д. м. н., главный научный сотрудник, зав. отделом эпидемиологии и микробиологии

+7 (964) 225-52-58

г. Иркутск

Oleg B. Ogarkov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Scientist, Head of Department of Epidemiology

+7 (964) 225-52-58

Irkutsk

obogarkov@sbamsr.irk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9217-6876СавиловЕ. Д.SavilovE. D.

Евгений Дмитриевич Савилов – д. м. н., главный научный сотрудник, профессор, отдел эпидемиологии и микробиологии

+7 (914) 875-99-19

г. Иркутск

Eugeniy D. Savilov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology

+7 (914) 875-99-19

Irkutsk

savilov47@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-9700ЖдановаС. Н.ZhdanovaS. N.

Светлана Николаевна Жданова – д. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел эпидемиологии и микробиологии

+7 (914) 876-44-15

г. Иркутск

Svetlana N. Zhdanova – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leader Scientist Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology

+7 (914) 876-44-15

Irkutsk

svetnii@mail.ruФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека»РоссияScientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction ProblemsRussian Federation202306012024226155161Copyright © Огарков О.Б., Савилов Е.Д., Жданова С.Н., 20242024Огарков О.Б., Савилов Е.Д., Жданова С.Н.Ogarkov O.B., Savilov E.D., Zhdanova S.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1916Актуальность

Актуальность. Глобализация эпидемического процесса требует совершенствования надзора за инфекционными болезнями, в частности за туберкулезом. Методы молекулярного и геномного анализа являются наиболее информативными подходами, способными принципиально изменить процесс управления этим заболеванием.

Цель

Цель. Обосновать необходимый и достаточный объем молекулярных исследований для выявления большинства эпидемических генотипов возбудителя туберкулеза на территории России и стран бывшего СССР.

Выводы

Выводы. Генетические линии L2 (Beijing) и L4 (Euro-American) охватывают более 95% всех эпидемических генотипов возбудителя туберкулеза на территории России и стран бывшего СССР. Разработка экспресс-тестов, совместимых с глобальными данными по геномному полиморфизму, позволит проводить эпидемиологический анализ вспышек туберкулезной инфекции внутри страны и выявлять случаи «заноса» новых генотипов извне.

Relevance

Relevance. The globalization of the epidemic process requires improved surveillance of infectious diseases, in particular tuberculosis.

Methods of molecular and genomic analysis are the most informative approaches that can radically change the management of this disease.

Aims

Aims. To substantiate the necessary and sufficient volume of molecular studies for the exhaustive detection of most epidemic genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Russia and the countries of the former USSR.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Genetic lines L2 (Beijing) and L4 (Euro-American) cover more than 95% of all epidemic genotypes of M. tuberculosis in Russia and the countries of the former USSR. The development of rapid tests compatible with global data on genomic polymorphism will make it possible to conduct an epidemiological analysis of tuberculosis outbreaks within the country and to differ from cases of transbordern transmission of new genotypes outside.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.