epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-6-162-174epidemiology-1917Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWГемофильный менингит – современные аспекты эпидемиологии и профилактики: описательный обзорHemophilus meningitis – Current Aspects of Epidemiology and Prevention: a Descriptive Reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6288-9074ГрицайМ. И.GritsayM. I.

Мария Игоревна Грицай – к. м. н., научный сотрудник лаборатории эпидемиологии менингококковой инфекции и гнойных бактериальных менингитов

+7 (910) 145-10-98

111123, г. Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а

Maria I. Gritsay – Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher at the laboratory of the epidemiology of meningococcal infection and bacterial meningitis

+7 (910) 145-10-98

3a, st. Novogireevskaya, Moscow, 111123, Russia

maria-griz@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2714-1191КоролеваИ. С.KorolevaI. S.

Мария Александровна Королева – д. м. н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории эпидемиологии менингококковой инфекции и гнойных бактериальных менингитов

+7 (916) 363 82 48

111123, г. Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а

Maria A. Koroleva – Dr. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher at the laboratory of the epidemiology of meningococcal infection and bacterial meningitis

+7 (916) 363 82 48

3a, st. Novogireevskaya, Moscow,111123, Russia

korolevamaria389@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0578-146XКоролеваМ. А.KorolevaM. A.

Ирина Станиславовна Королева – д. м. н., заведующая лабораторией эпидемиологии менингококковой инфекции и бактериальных менингитов

111123, г. Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а

Irina S. Koroleva – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory epidemiology of meningococcal infection and bacterial meningitis

3a, st. Novogireevskaya, Moscow, 111123, Russia

irina-korol@yandex.ruФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» РоспотребнадзораРоссияCentral Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-BeingRussian Federation202306012024226162174Copyright © Грицай М.И., Королева И.С., Королева М.А., 20242024Грицай М.И., Королева И.С., Королева М.А.Gritsay M.I., Koroleva I.S., Koroleva M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1917Актуальность

Актуальность. H. influenzae является во всем мире частой причиной бактериального менингита у детей. Накоплены значительные данные мирового использования конъюгированных вакцин против гемофильной инфекции типа b в течение последних трех десятилетий. В РФ ведется постоянный мониторинг гемофильного менингита, однако данные по заболеваемости гемофильной инфекцией весьма ограничены.

Цель

Цель. Рассмотреть глобальные изменения эпидемиологии инвазивных форм H. influenzae в мире и в РФ.

Выводы

Выводы. Использование конъюгированных вакцин позволило добиться устойчивого снижения инвазивных случаев Hib-инфекции в мире. Однако произошло значительное увеличение числа инвазивных инфекций, вызванных нетипитируемыми H. influenzae и не b серотипами. В РФ уровень заболеваемости менингитом, вызванным H. influenzae, не имеет тенденции к росту или снижению, основная доля заболевших приходится на детей до 5 лет.

Relevance

Relevance. H. influenzae is a common cause of bacterial meningitis in children worldwide. Significant data have been accumulated worldwide on the use of H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccines over the past three decades. In the Russian Federation, constant monitoring of hemophilic meningitis is carried out, but data on the incidence of hemophilic infection are limited.

Target

Target. To consider global changes in the epidemiology of invasive forms of H. influenzae in the world and in the Russian Federation.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The use of conjugate vaccines has resulted in a steady decline in invasive Hib infections. However, there has been a significant increase in invasive infections with non-typeable H. influenzae and non-b serotypes. In the Russian Federation, the incidence of meningitis caused by H. influenzae does not tend to increase or decrease; the majority of cases occur in children under 5 years of age.

гемофильная инфекцияхибэпидемиологияменингитгнойный бактериальный менингитвакцинацияhemophilus influenzae infectionhibepidemiologymeningitispurulent bacterial meningitisvaccinationReferencesWHO. WHO Position Paper on Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines // Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2006. Vol. 81. P. 445–52.World Health Organization. WHO Position Paper on Haemophilus infl uenzae type b conjugate vaccines. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2006; 81: 445–52.Edmond K., Clark A., Korczak V.S., et al. Global and regional risk of disabling sequelae from bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Lancet Infect Dis. 2010. Vol. 10, N5. P. 317–28.Edmond K, Clark A, Korczak VS, et al. Global and regional risk of disabling sequelae from bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(5):317–28. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70048-7Nanduri S., Sutherland A., Gordon L., et al. Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines, in Plotkin’s Vaccines. 7th edition. Elsevier: Philadelphia, US.Nanduri S, Sutherland A, Gordon L, et al. Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines, in Plotkin’s Vaccines. 7th edition. Elsevier: Philadelphia, US.Heath P.T. Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines: A review of efficacy data // Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998. Vol. 17, N9 Suppl P.117–122Heath PT. Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines: A review of efficacy data. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17(9 Suppl):117–122. doi:10.1097/00006454-199809001-00005Mulholland E.K., Adegbola R.A., Gambian T. Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine trial: what does it tell us about the burden of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease? // Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998. Vol. 17, N9 Suppl. P. 123–125.Mulholland EK, Adegbola RA, Gambian T. Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine trial: what does it tell us about the burden of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease? Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17(9 Suppl):123–125. doi:10.1097/00006454-199809001-00006Eskola J., Ward J., Dagan R., et al. Combined vaccination of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate and diphtheria-tetanus pertussis containing acellular pertussis // Lancet. 1999. Vol. 354, N9195. P. 2063–2068.Eskola J, Ward J, Dagan R, et al. Combined vaccination of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate and diphtheria-tetanus pertussis containing acellular pertussis. Lancet. 1999;354 (9195):2063–2068. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04377-9Kalies H., Verstraeten T., Grote V., et al. Four and one-half-year follow-up of the effectiveness of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis/Haemophilus influenzae type b and diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus/H. influenzae type b combination vaccines in Germany // Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004. Vol. 23, N10. P. 944–950.Kalies H, Verstraeten T, Grote V, et al. Four and one-half-year follow-up of the effectiveness of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis/Haemophilus influenzae type b and diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus/H. influenzae type b combination vaccines in Germany. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(10):944–950. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000141743.74443.73Баранов А. А., Намазова-Баранова Л. С., Брико Н. И. Вакцинопрофилактика гемофильной инфекции типа b: Клинические рекомендации. Педиатръ. 2020. Том 1. С.15–21.Baranov AA, Namazova-Baranova LS, Briko NI, et al. Vakcinoprofilaktika gemofil’noj infekcii tipa b: Klinicheskie rekomendacii. Pediatr’. 2020; 1:15–21. (In Russ).Whittaker R., Economopoulou A., Dias J.G., et al. Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 2007–2014 // Emerging infectious diseases. 2017. Vol. 23, N3. P 396–404.Whittaker R, Economopoulou A, Dias JG, et al. Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 2007-2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(3):396–404. doi:10.3201/eid2303.161552Peltola H. Worldwide Haemophilus influenzae type b disease at the beginning of the 21st century: global analysis of the disease burden 25 years after the use of the polysaccharide vaccine and a decade after the advent of conjugates // Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000. Vol. 13, N2. P. 302–317.Peltola H. Worldwide Haemophilus influenzae type b disease at the beginning of the 21st century: global analysis of the disease burden 25 years after the use of the polysaccharide vaccine and a decade after the advent of conjugates. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000;13(2):302–317. doi:10.1128/CMR.13.2.302World Health Organization. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis in the pre-vaccine era: a global review of incidence, age distributions, and case-fatality rates. 2002. Доступно по: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67572/WHO_V-B_02.18_eng.pdf. Ссылка активна на 03.08.2023.World Health Organization. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis in the pre-vaccine era: a global review of incidence, age distributions, and case-fatality rates. 2002. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67572/WHO_V-B_02.18_eng.pdf. Accessed: 03.08.2023.Progress introducing Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in low-income countries, 2004-2008 // Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2008. Vol. 83, N7. P. 61–67.Progress introducing Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in low-income countries, 2004-2008. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2008;83(7):61–67.International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. VIEW-hub. Доступно на: www.view-hub.org. Cсылка активна на 03.08.2023.International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. VIEW-hub. www.view-hub.org. Accessed: 03.08.2023.Nanduri S.A., Sutherland A.R., Gordon L.K., et al. Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. In: Plotkin’s Vaccines. Elsevier; 2018. p. 301–318. e310.Nanduri SA, Sutherland AR, Gordon LK, et al. Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. In: Plotkin’s Vaccines. Elsevier; 2018. p. 301–318. e310.Walls T., Cho V., Martin N., et al., Vaccine impact on long-term trends in invasive bacterial disease in New Zealand children // Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2018. Vol. 37, N10. P. 1041–1047.Walls T, Cho V, Martin N, et al., Vaccine impact on long-term trends in invasive bacterial disease in New Zealand children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2018;37(10):1041–1047. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002071Martinelli D., Azzari C., Bonanni P., et al. Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination on hospitalization for invasive disease in children fifteen years after its introduction in Italy // Vaccine. 2017. Vol. 35, N46. P. 6297–6301.Martinelli D, Azzari C, Bonanni P, et al. Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination on hospitalization for invasive disease in children fifteen years after its introduction in Italy. Vaccine. 2017;35(46):6297–6301. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.077Soeters H.M., Blain A., Pondo T., et al., Current epidemiology and trends in invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease-United States, 2009-2015 // Clin Infect Dis. 2018. Vol. 67, N6. P. 881–889.Soeters HM, Blain A, Pondo T, et al. Current Epidemiology and Trends in Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease-United States, 2009-2015. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;31;67(6):881–889. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy187.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Report. Emerging Infections Program Network. In: Haemophilus influenza. 2017. Доступно по: http://www.cdc.gov/abcs/reports-findings/survreports/hib17.html. Cсылка активна на 03.08.2023.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Report. Emerging Infections Program Network. In: Haemophilus influenza. 2017. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/abcs/reports-findings/survreports/hib17.html. Accessed: 03.08.2023.European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2017. In: Haemophilus influenzae. Stockholm: ECDC; 2019. Доступно на: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/haemophilus-influenzae-annual-epidemiological-report-2017.pdf. Cсылка активна на 03.08.2023.European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2017. In: Haemophilus influenzae. Stockholm: ECDC; 2019. Available at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/haemophilus-influenzae-annual-epidemiological-report-2017.pdf. Accessed: 03.08.2023.Wang S., Tafalla M., Hanssens L., et al. A review of Haemophilus influenzae disease in Europe from 2000-2014: challenges, successes and the contribution of hexavalent combination vaccines // Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017. Vol. 16, N.11. P. 1095–1105.Wang S, Tafalla M, Hanssens L, et al. A review of Haemophilus influenzae disease in Europe from 2000-2014: challenges, successes and the contribution of hexavalent combination vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017;16(11):1095–1105. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1383157Dey A, Knox S, Wang H, et al. Summary of national surveillance data on vaccine preventable diseases in Australia, 2008-201 // Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2016. Vol. 40(Suppl). P. S1–70Dey A, Knox S, Wang H, Beard FH, et al. Summary of National Surveillance Data on Vaccine Preventable Diseases in Australia, 2008-2011. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2016;15(40):1–70.Zaman S.M., Howie S.R., Ochoge M., et al. Impact of routine vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in The Gambia: 20 years after its introduction // J Glob Health. 2020. Vol. 10, N1. P. 010416.Zaman SM, Howie SR, Ochoge M, et al. Impact of routine vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in The Gambia: 20 years after its introduction. J Glob Health. 2020;10(1):010416. doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010416Hammitt L.L., Crane R.J., Karani A., et al. Effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination without a booster dose on invasive H influenzae type b disease, nasopharyngeal carriage, and population immunity in Kilifi, Kenya: a 15-year regional surveillance study // Lancet Glob Health. 2016. Vol. 4, N3. P. e185–194.Hammitt LL, Crane RJ, Karani A, et al. Effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination without a booster dose on invasive H. influenzae type b disease, nasopharyngeal carriage, and population immunity in Kilifi, Kenya: a 15-year regional surveillance study. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4(3):e185–94. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00316-2Suga S., Ishiwada N., Sasaki Y., et al., A nationwide population-based surveillance of invasive Haemophilus influenzae diseases in children after the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in Japan // Vaccine. 2018. Vol. 36, N38. P. 5678–5684.Suga S, Ishiwada N, Sasaki Y, et al., A nationwide population-based surveillance of invasive Haemophilus influenzae diseases in children after the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in Japan. Vaccine. 2018;36(38): 5678–5684. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.029Thoon K.C., Tee N.W., Chew L., et al. Near disappearance of childhood invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Singapore // Vaccine. 2014. Vol. 32, N44. P. 5862–5865.Thoon KC, Tee NW, Chew L, et al. Near disappearance of childhood invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Singapore. Vaccine. 2014;7;32(44):5862–5 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.046.Slack M., Esposito S., Haas H., et al. Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in the era of conjugate vaccines: critical factors for successful eradication // Expert Review of Vaccines. 2020. Vol. 19, N10. P. 903–917.Slack M, Esposito S, Haas H, et al. Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in the era of conjugate vaccines: critical factors for successful eradication. Expert Review of Vaccines. 2020;19(10): 903–917. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1825948Blain A., MacNeil J., Wang X., et al. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in adults ≥65 years, United States, 2011 // Open Forum Infect Dis. 2014. Vol. 1, N2. P.ofu044.Blain A, MacNeil J, Wang X, et al. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in adults ≥65 years, United States, 2011. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2014;1(2):ofu044. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofu044Cox A.D., Barreto L., Ulanova M., et al. Developing a vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae serotype a: proceedings of a workshop // Can Commun Dis Rep. 2017. Vol. 43, N5. P. 89–95.Cox AD, Barreto L, Ulanova M, Bruce MG, Tsang R; Conference contributors. Developing a vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae serotype a: Proceedings of a workshop. Can Commun Dis Rep. 2017;43(5):89–95. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v43i05a02Lipsitch M. Bacterial vaccines and serotype replacement: lessons from Haemophilus influenzae and prospects for Streptococcus pneumoniae // Emerg Infect Dis. 1999. Vol. 5. P. 336–45.Lipsitch M. Bacterial vaccines and serotype replacement: lessons from Haemophilus influenzae and prospects for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(3):336–45. doi: 10.3201/eid0503.990304Weinberger D.M., Malley R., Lipsitch M. Serotype replacement in disease after pneumococcal vaccination // Lancet. 2011. Vol. 378. P. 1962–73.Weinberger DM, Malley R, Lipsitch M. Serotype replacement in disease after pneumococcal vaccination. Lancet. 2011;378(9807):1962–73. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62225-8Venezia R.A., Robertson R.G. Bactericidal substance produced by Haemophilus influenzae b // Can J Microbiol. 1975. Vol. 21. P. 1587–94.Venezia RA, Robertson RG. Bactericidal substance produced by Haemophilus influenzae b. Can J Microbiol. 1975;21(10):1587–94. doi: 10.1139/m75-232.Bakaletz L.O., Novotny L.A. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) // Trends in Microbiology. 2018. Vol. 26, N8. P. 727–728.Bakaletz LO, Novotny LA. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Trends of Microbiology. 2018;26(8):727–728. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2018.05.00133.Mohle-Boetani J.C., Ajello G., Breneman E., et al. Carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b in children after widespread vaccination with conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines // Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993. Vol 12. P. 589–93.Mohle-Boetani JC, Ajello G, Breneman E, et al. Carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b in children after widespread vaccination with conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993 Jul;12(7):589–93. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199307000-00009.Puig C., Marti S., Fleites A., et al. Oropharyngeal colonization by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae among healthy children attending day care centers // Microb Drug Resist. 2014. Vol 20. P. 450–5.Puig C, Marti S, Fleites A, et al.Oropharyngeal colonization by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae among healthy children attending day care centers. Microb Drug Resist. 2014; 20:450–5 doi: 10.1089/mdr.2013.0186Adam H.J., Richardson S.E., Jamieson F.B., et al. Changing epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae in Ontario, Canada: Evidence for herd effects and strain replacement due to Hib vaccination // Vaccine. 2010. Vol. 28. P. 4073–8.Adam HJ, Richardson SE, Jamieson FB, et al. Changing epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae in Ontario, Canada: Evidence for herd effects and strain replacement due to Hib vaccination. Vaccine 2010; 28:4073–8. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.075European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Surveillance of invasive bacterial diseases in Europe, 2012 Stockholm: ECDC; 2015. Доступно на: https://www.ecdc.European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Surveillance of invasive bacterial diseases in Europe, 2012 Stockholm: ECDC; 2015. Available at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/media/en/publications/Publications/Surveillance%20of%20IBD%20in%20Europe%202012.pdf. Accessed: 03.08.2023.europa.eu/sites/default/files/media/en/publications/Publications/Surveillance%20of%20IBD%20in%20Europe%202012.pdf. Cсылка активна на 03.08.2023.MacNeil JR, Cohn AC, Farley M, et al. Current epidemiology and trends in invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease-United States, 1989-2008. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 53:1230–6. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1093/cid/cir735MacNeil J.R., Cohn A.C., Farley M., et al. Current epidemiology and trends in invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease-United States, 1989-2008 // Clin Infect Dis. 2011. Vol 53. P. 1230–6.Berndsen MR, Erlendsdóttir H, Gottfredsson M. Evolving epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus infections in the post-vaccination era: results from a long-term populationbased study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012. 18:918–23. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03700.xBerndsen M.R., Erlendsdóttir H., Gottfredsson M. Evolving epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus infections in the post-vaccination era: results from a long-term populationbased study // Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012. Vol. 18. P. 918–23;Cerquetti M, Giufrè M. Why we need a vaccine for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016;12(9):2357–61. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1174354.Cerquetti M., Giufrè M. Why we need a vaccine for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae // Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016. Vol. 12, N9. P. 2357–61.Rao VK, Krasan GP, Hendrixson DR, et al. Molecular determinants of the pathogenesis of disease due to non-typable Haemophilus influenzae. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1999; 23:99–129. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1999.tb00393.xRao V.K., Krasan G.P., Hendrixson D.R., et al. Molecular determinants of the pathogenesis of disease due to non-typable Haemophilus influenzae // FEMS Microbiol Rev.1999. Vol 23. P. 99–129.Erwin AL, Smith AL. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: understanding virulence and commensal behavior. Trends Microbiol 2007; 15:355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2007.06.004Erwin A.L., Smith A.L. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: understanding virulence and commensal behavior // Trends Microbiol. 2007. Vol. 15. P. 355–62.Resman F, Svensjo T, Unal C, et al. Necrotizing myositis and septic shock caused by Haemophilus influenzae type f in a previously healthy man diagnosed with an IgG3 and a mannose-binding lectin deficiency. Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. 2011;43(11–12), 972–976.Resman F., Svensjo T., Unal C., et al. Necrotizing myositis and septic shock caused by Haemophilus influenzae type f in a previously healthy man diagnosed with an IgG3 and a mannose-binding lectin deficiency // Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. 2011. Vol. 43, N11-12. P. 972–976.Plumb ID, Lecy KD, Singleton R, et al. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a Infection in Children: Clinical Description of an Emerging Pathogen-Alaska, 2002–2014. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2018;37(4):298–303. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001764Plumb I.D., Lecy K.D., Singleton R. et al. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a Infection in Children: Clinical Description of an Emerging Pathogen-Alaska, 2002-2014 // The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2018. Vol. 37, N4. P. 298–303.Cox AD, Williams D, Cairns C, et al. Investigating the candidacy of a capsular polysaccharide-based glycoconjugate as a vaccine to combat Haemophilus influenzae type a disease: A solution for an unmet public health need. Vaccine. 2017;27;35(45):6129–6136. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.055Cox A.D., Williams D., Cairns C. et al. Investigating the candidacy of a capsular polysaccharide-based glycoconjugate as a vaccine to combat Haemophilus influenzae type a disease: A solution for an unmet public health need // Vaccine. 2017. Vol. 35, N45. P. 6129–6136Bruce MG, Zulz T, DeByle C, et al. Haemophilus influenzae serotype a invasive disease, Alaska, USA, 1983-2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19(6):932–7. doi: 10.3201/eid1906.121805.Bruce M.G., Zulz T., DeByle C., et al. Haemophilus influenzae serotype a invasive disease, Alaska, USA, 1983-2011 // Emerg Infect Dis. 2013. Vol. 19, N6. P. 932–7.57.Takala AK , Eskola J, Leinonen M, et al. Reduction of oropharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in children immunized with an Hib conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis. 1991;164:982–6 doi: 10.1093/infdis/164.5.982Takala A.K., Eskola J., Leinonen M., et al. Reduction of oropharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in children immunized with an Hib conjugate vaccine // J Infect Dis. 1991. Vol. 164. P. 982–6.Ladhani S, Ramsay ME, Chandra M, et al. No evidence for Haemophilus influenzae serotype replacement in Europe after introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8 (5):275–276. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70078-1Ladhani S., Ramsay M.E., Chandra M., et al. No evidence for Haemophilus influenzae serotype replacement in Europe after introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine // Lancet Infect Dis. 2008. Vol. 8, N5. P. 275–276.Tristram, S., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C. Antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2007;20,368–389. doi: 10. 1128/CMR.00040-06Tristram, S., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C. Antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus influenzae // Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2007. Vol. 20. P. 368–389.WHO. (2017). Who Publishes List of Bacteria for Which New Antibiotics are Urgently Needed Available at: https://www.who.int/news/item/27-02-2017- who-publishes-listof-WHO. (2017). Who Publishes List of Bacteria for Which New Antibiotics are Urgently Needed Досупно на: https://www.who.int/news/item/27-02-2017- who-publishes-listof-bacteria-for-which-new-antibiotics-are-urgently-needed. Cсылка активна на 03.08.2023bacteria-for-which-new-antibiotics-are-urgently-needed. Accessed: 03.08.2023.Cerquetti M., Giufrè M. Why we need a vaccine for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae // Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016. Vol. 12. P. 2357–2361.Cerquetti M, Giufrè M. Why we need a vaccine for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016;12:2357–2361. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1174354Devine V.T., Cleary D.W., Jefferies J.M.C., et al. The rise and fall of pneumococcal serotypes carried in the PCV era // Vaccine. 2017. Vol 35. P. 1293–1298.Devine VT, Cleary DW, Jefferies JMC, et al. The rise and fall of pneumococcal serotypes carried in the PCV era. Vaccine. 2017;35:1293–1298. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.035.Heinz E. The return of Pfeiffer’s bacillus: Rising incidence of ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae // Microb Genom. 2018.Vol. 4, N9. P. e000214.Heinz E. The return of Pfeiffer’s bacillus: Rising incidence of ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. Microb Genom. 2018 Sep;4(9):e000214. doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000214.Страчунский Л. С., Кречикова О. И., Решедько Г. К. Чувствительность к антибиотикам Haemophilus influenzae, выделенных у здоровых детей из организованных коллективов, Клиническая Микробиология и Антимикробная Химиотерапия. 2002. Т. 4, №1. С.33–41.Stratchounski LS, Kretcikova OI, Reshedko GK, et al. Results of the Multicentre study of Nasopharyngeal Isolates of Haemophilus influenzae from Healthy Children in Day- Care Centers. Сlinical microbiology and antimicrobial therapy. 2002; 4(1):33–41 (In Russ).Hoban D., Felmingham D. The PROTEKT surveillance study: antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis from community-acquired respiratory tract infections // J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002. Vol. 50. P. 49–59.Hoban D, Felmingham D. The PROTEKT surveillance study: antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis from community-acquired respiratory tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002;50:49–59. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkf810. PMID:12239228Фролова Е. Я., Филатов В. Н. Эпидемиологический мониторинг и профилактика гемофильной инфекции типа b в Российской Федерации. Журнал инфектологии. Том 4, № 2. 2012. С.43–53.Epidemiological Monitoring and Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b in the RF. Frolova EYa, Filatov VN. Zhurnal infektologii. 2012; 4(2): 73–83. 56. 12.2021 No. 1122n «On approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations, the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications and the procedure for carrying out preventive vaccinations». (In Russ.) Available at: https://normativ.kontur.ru/document?moduleId=1&documentId=410331. Accessed: 03.08.2023.Приказ Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации от 06.12.2021 № 1122н «Об утверждении национального календаря профилактических прививок, календаря профилактических прививок по эпидемическим показаниям и порядка проведения профилактических прививок». Доступно на: https:// normativ.kontur.ru/document?moduleId=1&documentId=410331. Cсылка активна на 03.08.2023.Platonov AE, Griffiths UK,. Voeykova MV, et al. Economic evaluation of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination in Moscow, Russian Federation. Vaccine. 2006;24(13):2367–2376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.11.054.Platonov A.E., Griffiths U.K., Voeykova M.V., et al. Economic evaluation of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination in Moscow, Russian Federation // Vaccine. 2006. Vol. 24, N13. P. 2367–2376.Kharchenko G.A., Kimirilova O.G. Haemophilus influenzae infection in children during sporadic morbidity: clinical cases with different (favorable or fatal) outcomes. Current Pediatrics. 2017;16(3):241–245. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v16i3.1735Харченко Г. А., Кимирилова О. Г. Гемофильная инфекция у детей при спорадической заболеваемости: клинические случаи с разным (благоприятным или летальным) исходом. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2017. Том 16, №3. С.41–245.Grishkina LYu, Lvova II, Trefilov IN, at al. Characteristic features of type b haemophilus influenzae caused purulent meningitis in children. Рerm medical journal. 2018;35(5):32–35.Гришкина Л. Ю., Львова И. И., Трефилов И. Н. Особенности гнойного менингита, вызванного Haemophilus influenzae типа в, у детей // Пермский медицинский журнал. 2018. №5. С.32–35.Koroleva M.A., Gritsay M.I., Koroleva I.S., et al. Purulent Bacterial Meningitis in the Russian Federation: Epidemiology and Immunization. Public Health and Life Environment – PH&LE. 2022;30(12):73–80. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.35627/2022-30-12-73-80Королева М. А., Грицай М. И., Королева И. С. и др. Гнойные бактериальные менингиты в Российской Федерации: эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО. 2022. Том 30, №12. С.73–80.Brueggemann AB, Jansen van Rensburg MJ, Shaw D, et al. Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data. Lancet Digit Health. 2021 Jun;3(6):e360–e370. doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00077-7.Brueggemann A.B., Jansen van Rensburg M.J., Shaw D., et al. Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data // Lancet Digit Health. 2021. Vol. 3, N6. P.e360–e370.Brueggemann A.B., Jansen van Rensburg M.J., Shaw D., et al. Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data // Lancet Digit Health. 2021. Vol. 3, N6. P.e360–e370.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.