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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-21-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-1936</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпидемиологическая характеристика идиопатических воспалительных демиелинизирующих заболеваний ЦНС, включая рассеянный склероз</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiological Characteristics of Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System Including Multiple Sclerosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9189-506X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Светличная</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svetlichnaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Владимировна Светличная – ассистент кафедры эпидемиологии и доказательной медицины Института общественного здоровья им Ф. Ф. Эрисмана,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia V. Svetlichnaya – assistant at the Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine,Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlichnaya_a_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Светличная А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Светличная А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Svetlichnaya A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1936">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1936</self-uri><abstract><p>Идиопатические воспалительные демиелинизирующие заболевания центральной нервной системы (ИВДЗ) и рассеянный склероз (РС) в частности, дебютируют в молодом возрасте и способны в течение нескольких лет привести к глубокой инвалидности и смерти. В последнее десятилетие наблюдается рост числа случаев демиелинизирующих заболеваний в России и в мире, что обуславливает необходимость углубленного изучения этих патологий. Также следует отметить, что особую актуальность имеет РС, на долю которого приходится до 75% от всех ИВДЗ. Цель. Изучить динамику и особенности формирования заболеваемости, распространенности и смертности от демиелинизирующих заболеваний центральной нервной системы, включая рассеянный склероз в различных группах населения Российской Федерации. Материалы и методы. Дизайн исследования – описательное ретроспективное эпидемиологическое исследование (сплошное). Выборка данных проводилась из форм федерального государственного статистического наблюдения по распределению умерших по полу, возрастным группам и причинам смерти Росстата (ФСН С-51), а также из статистических сборников ФГБУ «ЦНИИ ОИЗ» Минздрава России «Заболеваемость населения» с 2009 г. по 2021 г. Результаты. Анализ данных показал, что в 2009–2021 гг. в России наблюдался рост ИВДЗ, включая рассеянный склероз, среди взрослого населения и подростков от 15 до 17 лет. Среди детей до 14 лет тенденция к повышению или снижению заболеваемости не обнаруживается. Наиболее высокая среднемноголетняя заболеваемость ИВДЗ и РС среди взрослых отмечена в УФО (7,13 ± 0,27 и 5,31 ± 0,23 на 100 тыс. взрослого населения соответственно), среди детей до 14 – ИВДЗ в ЦФО (1,88 ± 0,18 на 100 тыс. контингента) и РС в ЦФО и ПФО (0,22 ± 0,07 на 100 тыс. контингента); среди детей от 15 до 17 лет наиболее высокая заболеваемость ИВДЗ – в СЗФО (4,41 ±1,10 на 100 тыс. контингента) и в УФО (4,40 ± 1,09 на 100 тыс. контингента), РС – в ЦФО (2,67 ± 0,51 на 100 тыс. контингента). Наименее распространены ИВДЗ и РС среди всех возрастных групп в ДФО. С 2000 г. по 2020 г. отмечается снижение смертности от РС в РФ на 34%, Среднемноголетнее значение смертности от РС среди мужчин составило 0,4 ± 0,021 случая на 100 тыс. контингента, среди женщин – 0,5 ± 0,023 на 100 тыс. контингента. Заключение. Рост заболеваемости ИВДЗ и РС, в частности, представляют собой важную медико-социальную проблему. Данные патологии значительно снижают качество жизни и сокращают срок трудовой деятельности ввиду развития стойкой инвалидности у молодого населения, что подтверждает актуальность постоянного и глубокого изучения эпидемиологии идиопатических воспалительных демиелинизирующих заболеваний в России. В исследовании была показана неравномерность распределения заболевания по территориям РФ, что в будущем позволит совершенствовать логистику доставки препарата и обеспеченность медицинскими кадрами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system and multiple sclerosis, in particular, make their debut at a young age and can lead to profound disability and death within a few years. In the last decade, there has been an increase in the number of cases of demyelinating diseases in Russia and in the world, which necessitates an in-depth study of these pathologies. Goal. To study the dynamics and features of the formation of morbidity, prevalence and mortality from demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis in various population groups in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The study design is a descriptive retrospective epidemiological study (continuous). The data was sampled from the forms of the federal state statistical observation on the distribution of the deceased by gender, age groups and causes of death of Rosstat (FSN S-51), as well as from the statistical collections of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation "Morbidity of the population" from 2009 to 2021. Results. The analysis of the data showed that in 2009-2021 in Russia there was an increase in idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) among the adult population and adolescents aged 15 to 17 years. There is no tendency to increase or decrease the incidence among children under 14 years of age. The highest average long–term incidence rates of IDD and MS among adults are observed in the Ufa region (7.13 ± 0.27 and 5.31 ± 0.23 per 100 thousand adults, respectively), among children under 14 - IDD in the Central Federal District (1.88 ± 0.18 per 100 thousand contingent) and MS in the Central Federal District and Volga Federal District (0.22 ± 0.07 per 100 thousand contingent). Among children from 15 to 17 years of age, the highest incidence of IDD is noted in the Northwestern Federal District (4.41 ± 1.10 per 100 thousand contingent) and the Ural Federal District (4.40 ± 1.09 per 100 thousand contingent), RS – in the Central Federal District (2.67 ± 0.51 per 100 thousand contingent). IDD and MS are the least common among all age groups in the Far Eastern Federal District. Over the period from 2000 to 2020, there has been a decrease in MS mortality in the Russian Federation by 34%, from 0.72 to 0.48 per 100,000 population. The average annual mortality rate from MS among men was 0.4 ± 0.021 cases per 100 thousand of the contingent, among women 0.5 ± 0.023 cases per 100 thousand of the contingent. Conclusion. The increase in the incidence of demyelinating diseases and MS, in particular, is an important medical and social problem. These pathologies significantly reduce the quality of life and shorten the duration of work, due to the development of persistent disability in the young population. The study showed the uneven distribution of the disease across the territories of the Russian Federation, which in the future will improve the logistics of drug delivery and the provision of medical personnel, which confirms the relevance of constant and in-depth study of the epidemiology of idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases in Russia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>идиопатические воспалительные демиелинизирующие заболевания</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>demyelinating diseases</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>morbidity</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dobson R, Giovannoni G. Multiple sclerosis – a review. European Journal of Neurology. 2019. Vol. 14, N26. 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