<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-2-4-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-1966</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпидемиологические аспекты и основные направления разработки профилактических и лекарственных препаратов в отношении оспы обезьян</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiological Aspects and Basic Directions of the Protective Medications against Monkeypox Development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-5516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стовба</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stovba</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стовба Людмила Федоровна – к. б. н., старший научный сотрудник, ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России.</p><p>Сергиев Посад­-6</p><p>Тел. +7 (496) 552-12-06</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila F. Stovba – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher of the Department, FSBE «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.</p><p>SergievPosad-6</p><p>Tel. +7 (496) 552-12-06</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-2085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Александр Анатольевич – д. м. н., начальник управления, ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России.</p><p>Сергиев Посад­-6</p><p>Тел. +7 (496) 552-12-06</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Petrov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief of the Directorate, FSBE «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.</p><p>SergievPosad-6</p><p>Tel. +7 (496) 552-12-06</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-6293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черникова</surname><given-names>И. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherniкova</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черникова Наталья Константиновна – к. б. н., старший научный сотрудник, ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России.</p><p>Сергиев Посад-­6</p><p> Тел. +7 (496) 552-12-06</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia K. Chernikova – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher of the Department, FSBE «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.</p><p>SergievPosad-6</p><p>Tel. +7 (496) 552-12-06</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-320X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хмелев</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khmelev</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хмелев Алексей Леонидович – к. м. н., научный сотрудник, ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России.</p><p>Сергиев Посад-­6</p><p>Тел. +7 (496) 552-12-06</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey L. Khmelev – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher of the Department, FSBE «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.</p><p>SergievPosad-6</p><p>Tel. +7 (496) 552-12-06</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-8774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Сергей Леонидович – д. м. н., начальник отдела, Управление начальника Войск радиационной, химической и биологической защиты Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации.</p><p>Москва</p><p>Тел. +7 (496) 552-12-06</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey L. Kuznecov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief of the Department, Department of the Head of the Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Protection Troops of the Russian Armed Forces.</p><p>Moscow</p><p>Tel. +7 (496) 552-12-06</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-3919</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисевич</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisevich</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисевич Сергей Владимирович – д. б. н, профессор, академик РАН, начальник института, ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России.</p><p>141306, Московская область, Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д.11</p><p>Тел. +7 (496) 552-12-06</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Borisevich – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Academician of RAS, Chief of the Institute, FSBE «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.</p><p>11, Octyabrskaya Street, SergievPosad-6, Moscow region, 141306</p><p>Tel. +7 (496) 552-12-06</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Минобороны России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Управление начальника Войск радиационной, химической и биологической защиты Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Directorate of the Chief of the Radiation, Chemical, and Biological Defense Troops of the Armed Forces of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Минобороны обороны России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стовба Л.Ф., Петров А.А., Черникова И.К., Хмелев А.Л., Кузнецов С.Л., Борисевич С.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стовба Л.Ф., Петров А.А., Черникова И.К., Хмелев А.Л., Кузнецов С.Л., Борисевич С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stovba L.F., Petrov A.A., Cherniкova N.K., Khmelev A.L., Kuznetsov S.L., Borisevich S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1966">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1966</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. После ликвидации натуральной оспы в условиях отсутствия популяционного иммунитета вирус оспы обезьян (ВОО) стал наиболее значимым ортопоксвирусом, поражающим человека, поэтому обобщение данных о районах вспышек инфекции, заболеваниях людей и способах профилактики и лечения оспы обезьян является актуальной задачей. Цель. Охарактеризовать эпидемиологическую ситуацию в мире на основе анализа зарубежных научных публикаций за последние 20 лет. Материалы и методы. В работе использовались публикации, представленные в основных международных медицинских информационных базах PubMed, Web of Science, Embase и др. Для анализа публикаций применялся аналитический эпидемиологический метод. Результаты и обсуждение. Вирус оспы обезьян, выделенный и идентифицированный в 1958 г., по генетическим и фенотипическим различиям делится на два клайда: западноафриканский с летальностью 3,6% и центральноафриканский (бассейна реки Конго) с летальностью 10%. Оспа обезьян эндемична только на Африканском континенте, но в 2003 г. первая вспышка болезни, насчитывающая 47 подтвержденных случаев, зафиксирована в неэндемичной стране – США, а в сентябре 2017 г. началась крупнейшая вспышка в Нигерии, которая продолжается по сей день. Штаммы, выделенные у пациентов в неэндемичных странах, генетически близки к западно-африканским штаммам, принадлежащим ко II клайду и происходят от общего предка. Многие случаи заболевания людей в нынешней вспышке связаны с передачей вируса половым путем, особенно среди мужчин, которые идентифицируют себя как геи или бисексуалы. Основной метод выявления возбудителя – ПЦР-РВ c праймерами на ген рецептора фактора некроза опухоли. Обычно оспа обезьян у человека протекает легко, как самоограничивающаяся инфекция. Симптомы заболевания разнообразны и неспецифичны. Основной клинический симптом – сыпь на лице и лимфатическая гиперплазия. Большинство людей выздоравливают в течение нескольких недель. Однако при утяжелении болезни или лицам с ослабленным иммунитетом для лечения назначают специфические препараты – тековиримат (SТ-246) и бринцидофовир (CMX-001). Для предупреждения заболевания в настоящее время применяются вакцины JYNNEOSTM, ACAM2000R и Aventis Pasteur (APSV). Заключение. Согласно современным рекомендациям ВОЗ, повсеместную вакцинацию для борьбы с оспой обезьян развертывать нецелесообразно. Для сдерживания распространения вируса в очаге заражения среди населения рекомендуется проводить кольцевую вакцинацию. Для предотвращения глобального распространения заболевания, обладающего эпидемическим потенциалом, необходима международная координация действий, направленных на мониторинг эпидемиологической ситуации по оспе обезьян.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. After smallpox eradication, in conditions of population immunity to orthopoxviruses absence, Monkeypox virus became most significant orthopoxvirus, pathogenic for humans. Therefore the generalization of data on the areas of infection outbreaks, human diseases and methods of prevention and treatment of monkey pox is important task. Aim. To characterize the problem of monkeypox in the world based on an analysis of foreign scientific publications over the past 20 years. Materials and methods. The work used publications presented in the main international medical information databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, etc. To analyze the publications, the analytical epidemiological method was used. Results and discussion. Monkeypox virus, obtained and identified in 1958, by genetic and phenotypic differences divides on two clades: West-African with lethality 3.6% and Central-African (Congo Basin) with lethality 10%. Monkeypox virus transmission to men happens in two ways, either from animal-to-human or human-to-human. Monkey pox is endemic only on African continent, but In 2003 year the first outbreak, numbering 47 confirmed cases, was occurred in non-endemic country – USA and the largest monkeypox outbreak began in Nigeria in September 2017 year and continue to the present. Comparison of the genome sequences of strains, isolated from patients in non-endemic countries, showed, that it genetically close to West-african strains, belong to II clades and were descended from a common ancestor. Many cases of disease in humans in the current outbreak have been traced to sexual transmission especially among men, who identify ourselves as gay or bisexual. The basis method for identification of agent in present time is PCR-RT targeting on the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor gene. Usually monkeypox of human is mild, self-limiting disease. The symptoms of monkeypox are varied and non-specific. One of the most frequently observed clinical symptoms is lymphadenopathy. Most patients recover during some weeks. However, specific antiviral treatment – tecovirimat (S-246) and brincidofovir (CMX-001) – may be used for seriously ill or immunocompromised individuals. For prophylactic disease in present time are use vaccines JYNNEOSTM, ACAM2000R and Aventis Pasteur (APSV). Conclusion. General vaccination against monkeypox don't develop accordingly to modern recommendations WHO. Ring vaccination is recommended to conduct for suppression of spread virus in nidus of infection among population. Timely international coordination is needed to prevent the global spread of a disease with epidemic potential.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оспа обезьян</kwd><kwd>вирус оспы обезьян</kwd><kwd>ортопоксвирусы</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>вспышка инфекции</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>клинические симптомы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>monkeypox</kwd><kwd>monkeypox virus</kwd><kwd>orthopoxviruses</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>outbreak of infection</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>clinical symptoms No conflict of interest to declare</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сostello V, Sowash M, Gaur A, et al. Imported monkeypox from International Traveler, Maryland. USA. 2021. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2022;28(5):1002–1005. doi: 10.3201/eid2805.220292</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сostello V, Sowash M, Gaur A, et al. Imported monkeypox from International Traveler, Maryland. USA. 2021. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2022;28(5):1002–1005. doi: 10.3201/eid2805.220292</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gubser C, Hue S, Kellam P, Smith GL, et al. Poxvirus genomes: A phylogenetic analysis. J. Gen. Virol. 2004;85:105–117. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.19565-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gubser C, Hue S, Kellam P, Smith GL, et al. Poxvirus genomes: A phylogenetic analysis. J. Gen. Virol. 2004;85:105–117. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.19565-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haller SL, Peng C, McFadden G, et al. Poxviruses and the evolution of host range and virulence. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2014;10:15–40. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.10.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haller SL, Peng C, McFadden G, et al. Poxviruses and the evolution of host range and virulence. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2014;10:15–40. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.10.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Von Magnus P, Andersen EK, Petersen KB, et al. A pox-like disease in cynomolgus monkeys. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 2009;46(2):156–176. doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1959.tb00328.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Von Magnus P, Andersen EK, Petersen KB, et al. A pox-like disease in cynomolgus monkeys. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 2009;46(2):156–176. doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1959.tb00328.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khodakevich L, Jezek Z, Kinzanzka K. Isolation of monkeypox virus from wild squirrel infected in nature. Lancet. 1986;1(8472) 98–99. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90748-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khodakevich L, Jezek Z, Kinzanzka K. Isolation of monkeypox virus from wild squirrel infected in nature. Lancet. 1986;1(8472) 98–99. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90748-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radonic A, Metzger S, Dabrovski PW, et al. Fatal monkeypox in wild-living sooty mangabey, Cote d’Ivoire, 2012. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2014;20(6):1009–1011. doi: 10.3201/eid2006.13-1329</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radonic A, Metzger S, Dabrovski PW, et al. Fatal monkeypox in wild-living sooty mangabey, Cote d’Ivoire, 2012. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2014;20(6):1009–1011. doi: 10.3201/eid2006.13-1329</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Theves C, Biagini P, Crubezy E. The rediscovery of smallpox. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2014;20(3):210–218. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12536</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Theves C, Biagini P, Crubezy E. The rediscovery of smallpox. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2014;20(3):210–218. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12536</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Likos AM, Sammons SA, Olson VA, et al. A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses. J. Gen. Virol. 2005; 86(Pt 10): 2661–2672. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.81215-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Likos AM, Sammons SA, Olson VA, et al. A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses. J. Gen. Virol. 2005; 86(Pt 10): 2661–2672. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.81215-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahy BWJ. An overview on the use of a viral pathogen as a bioterrorism agent: why smallpox? Antiviral Res. 2003;57(1-2):1–5. doi: 10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00194-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahy BWJ. An overview on the use of a viral pathogen as a bioterrorism agent: why smallpox? Antiviral Res. 2003;57(1-2):1–5. doi: 10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00194-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ladnyj ID, Ziegler P, Kima E. A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bull. World Health Organ. 1972;46(5):593–597. PMCID: PMC2480792</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ladnyj ID, Ziegler P, Kima E. A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bull. World Health Organ. 1972;46(5):593–597. PMCID: PMC2480792</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hraib M, Jouni S, Albitar M, et. al. The outbreak of monkeypox 2022: An overviev. Ann. Med. Surg. (Lond). 2022;79:104069. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104069</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hraib M, Jouni S, Albitar M, et. al. The outbreak of monkeypox 2022: An overviev. Ann. Med. Surg. (Lond). 2022;79:104069. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104069</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reed KD, Melski JW, Graham MB, et al. The detection of monkeypox in human Western Hemisphere. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004;350(4):342–350. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa032299</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reed KD, Melski JW, Graham MB, et al. The detection of monkeypox in human Western Hemisphere. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004;350(4):342–350. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa032299</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, et al. The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox – A potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2022;16(2): e0010141. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, et al. The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox – A potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2022;16(2): e0010141. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/world-map.html. Accessed: 12 July 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/world-map.html. Accessed: 12 July 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.ourworlddindata.org/monkeypox Accessed: 21 October 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.ourworlddindata.org/monkeypox Accessed: 21 October 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore. Accessed: 21 October 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore. Accessed: 21 October 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mauldin MR, McCollum AM, Nakazava YJ, et al. Exportation of Monkeypox Virus From the African Continent. J. Infect. Dis. 2022;225(8):1367–1376. doi:10./10.1093/infdis/jiaa559</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mauldin MR, McCollum AM, Nakazava YJ, et al. Exportation of Monkeypox Virus From the African Continent. J. Infect. Dis. 2022;225(8):1367–1376. doi:10./10.1093/infdis/jiaa559</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Velavan TP, Meyer CG. Monkeypox 2022 outbreak: An update. Trop. Med. Int. Health. 2022; 27(7):604–605. doi:10.1111/tmi</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velavan TP, Meyer CG. Monkeypox 2022 outbreak: An update. Trop. Med. Int. Health. 2022; 27(7):604–605. doi:10.1111/tmi</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kozlov M. Monkeypox goes global: why scientists are on alert. Nature. 2022;606(7912):15–16. doi: 10.1038/d41586-022-01421-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov M. Monkeypox goes global: why scientists are on alert. Nature. 2022;606(7912):15–16. doi: 10.1038/d41586-022-01421-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahase E. Seven monkeypox cases are confirmed in England. BMJ. 2022;377:o1239. doi:10.1136/bmjo1239</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahase E. Seven monkeypox cases are confirmed in England. BMJ. 2022;377:o1239. doi:10.1136/bmjo1239</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monkeypox virus infections in the united states and other non-endemic countries 2022. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.emergency.Cdc.gov/han/2022han00466.asp. AccessedMay 25 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monkeypox virus infections in the united states and other non-endemic countries 2022. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.emergency.Cdc.gov/han/2022han00466.asp. AccessedMay 25 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dye С, Kraemer MUG. Investigating the monkeypox outbreak. BMJ. 2022;377:ol314. doi:10.l136/bmi.o1314</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dye С, Kraemer MUG. Investigating the monkeypox outbreak. BMJ. 2022;377:ol314. doi:10.l136/bmi.o1314</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nalca A, Rimoin AW, Bavari S, et al. Reemergence of monkeypox: prevalence, diagnostics, and countermeasures. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2005;41(12):1765–1771. doi:10.1086/498155</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nalca A, Rimoin AW, Bavari S, et al. Reemergence of monkeypox: prevalence, diagnostics, and countermeasures. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2005;41(12):1765–1771. doi:10.1086/498155</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antinori A, Mazzotta V, Vita S, et al. Epidemiological, clinical аnd virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission throught sexual contact, Italy, May 2022 separator commenting unaviable. Euro Surveill. 2022;27(22):2200421. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200421</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antinori A, Mazzotta V, Vita S, et al. Epidemiological, clinical аnd virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission throught sexual contact, Italy, May 2022 separator commenting unaviable. Euro Surveill. 2022;27(22):2200421. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200421</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moore M, Rathish B, Zahra F. Mpox (Monkeypox). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan. 2022 Nov 30. PMID: 34662033. Bookshelf ID: NBK574519.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moore M, Rathish B, Zahra F. Mpox (Monkeypox). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan. 2022 Nov 30. PMID: 34662033. Bookshelf ID: NBK574519.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCollum AM, Damon IK. Human monkeypox. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2014;58(2):260–267. doi:10./10.1093/cid/cit703</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCollum AM, Damon IK. Human monkeypox. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2014;58(2):260–267. doi:10./10.1093/cid/cit703</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rizk JG, Lippi G, Henry BM, et al. Prevention and Treatment of Monkeypox. Drugs. 2022;82(9):957–963. doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01742-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rizk JG, Lippi G, Henry BM, et al. Prevention and Treatment of Monkeypox. Drugs. 2022;82(9):957–963. doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01742-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hammarlund E, Lewis MW, Carter SV, et al. Multiple diagnostic techniques identify previously vaccinated individuals with protective immunity against monkeypox. Nat. Med. 2005;11(9):1005–1011. doi:10.1038/nm1273</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hammarlund E, Lewis MW, Carter SV, et al. Multiple diagnostic techniques identify previously vaccinated individuals with protective immunity against monkeypox. Nat. Med. 2005;11(9):1005–1011. doi:10.1038/nm1273</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">JYNNEOS [Package Insert]. Kvistgard, Denmark: Bavarian Nordic A/S:2019. Available at: https:/www.fda.gov/media/131078/download. Accessed: 25 May 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">JYNNEOS [Package Insert]. Kvistgard, Denmark: Bavarian Nordic A/S:2019. Available at: https:/www.fda.gov/media/131078/download. Accessed: 25 May 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volz A, Sutter G. Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara: History, Value in Basic Research, and Current Perspectives for Vaccine Development. Adv. Virus. Res. 2017;97:187–243. doi: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.07.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volz A, Sutter G. Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara: History, Value in Basic Research, and Current Perspectives for Vaccine Development. Adv. Virus. Res. 2017;97:187–243. doi: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.07.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crum-Cianflone NF, Sullivan E. Vaccination for the HIV-Infected Adult: A Revive of the Current Recommendations, Part I. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2017;6(3):303–331. doi: 10.1007/s40121-017-0166-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crum-Cianflone NF, Sullivan E. Vaccination for the HIV-Infected Adult: A Revive of the Current Recommendations, Part I. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2017;6(3):303–331. doi: 10.1007/s40121-017-0166-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">US Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smallpox vaccines. Updated December 2, 2019. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/clinicians/vaccines.html. Accessed: 25 May 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">US Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smallpox vaccines. Updated December 2, 2019. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/clinicians/vaccines.html. Accessed: 25 May 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smallpox/MonkeypoxVaccine (JYNNEOS™): What You Need to Know. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox. Accessed: 25 May 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smallpox/MonkeypoxVaccine (JYNNEOS™): What You Need to Know. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox. Accessed: 25 May 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wittek R. Vaccinia immune globulin: current policies, preparedness, and product safety and efficacy. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2006;10(3):193–201. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2005.12/001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wittek R. Vaccinia immune globulin: current policies, preparedness, and product safety and efficacy. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2006;10(3):193–201. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2005.12/001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliveira SNI, de Oliveira JS, Kroon EG, et al. Here, There, and Everywhere: The Wide Host Range and Geogrаphic Distribution of Zoonotic Orthopoxviruses. Viruses. 2021;13(1):43.doi:10.3390/v13010043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oliveira SNI, de Oliveira JS, Kroon EG, et al. Here, There, and Everywhere: The Wide Host Range and Geogrаphic Distribution of Zoonotic Orthopoxviruses. Viruses. 2021;13(1):43.doi:10.3390/v13010043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sklenovska N, Van Ranst M. Emergence of Monkeypox as the Most Important Orthopoxvirus Infection in Humans. Front. Pablic. Heal. 2018;6:241. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00241</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sklenovska N, Van Ranst M. Emergence of Monkeypox as the Most Important Orthopoxvirus Infection in Humans. Front. Pablic. Heal. 2018;6:241. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00241</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). Human monkeypox in Kasai Oriental, Democratic Republic of the Congo (former Zaire): Preliminary report of October, 1997 investigation. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 1997;72(49):369–372. PMID: 9426474</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). Human monkeypox in Kasai Oriental, Democratic Republic of the Congo (former Zaire): Preliminary report of October, 1997 investigation. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 1997;72(49):369–372. PMID: 9426474</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reynolds MG, Emerson GL, Pukuta E, et al. Detection of human monkeypox in the Republic of the Congo following intensive community education. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2013;88(5):982–985. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0758</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reynolds MG, Emerson GL, Pukuta E, et al. Detection of human monkeypox in the Republic of the Congo following intensive community education. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2013;88(5):982–985. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0758</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berthet N, Nakoune E, Whist E, et al. Maculopapular lesions in the Central African Republic. Lancet. 2011;378(9799):1354. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61142-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berthet N, Nakoune E, Whist E, et al. Maculopapular lesions in the Central African Republic. Lancet. 2011;378(9799):1354. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61142-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCollum AM, Nakazava Y, Nlongala GM, et al. Case report: Human monkeypox in the kivus, a conflict region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2015;93(4):718–721. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0095</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCollum AM, Nakazava Y, Nlongala GM, et al. Case report: Human monkeypox in the kivus, a conflict region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2015;93(4):718–721. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0095</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). About Monkeypox. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/about.html. Accessed: 24 September 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). About Monkeypox. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/about.html. Accessed: 24 September 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalthan E, Dondo-Fongbia JP, Yambele S, et al. Twelve cases of monkeypox virus outbreak in Bangasou District (Central African Republic) in december 2015. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 2016;109(5):358–363. doi: 10.1007/s13149-016-0516-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalthan E, Dondo-Fongbia JP, Yambele S, et al. Twelve cases of monkeypox virus outbreak in Bangasou District (Central African Republic) in december 2015. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 2016;109(5):358–363. doi: 10.1007/s13149-016-0516-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). Monkeypox in Central African Republic. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/don/13-october-2016-monkeypox-caf/en/ Accessed: 25 September 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). Monkeypox in Central African Republic. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/don/13-october-2016-monkeypox-caf/en/ Accessed: 25 September 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 48. 2017. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bit-stream/handle/10665/259557/OEW482504122017.pdf. Accessed: 25 September 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 48. 2017. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bit-stream/handle/10665/259557/OEW482504122017.pdf. Accessed: 25 September 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yinka-Ogunleye A, Aruna O, Dalhat M, et al. Outbreak of human monkeypox in Nigeria in 2017–18: a clinical and epidemiological report. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2019;19:872– 879. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30294-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yinka-Ogunleye A, Aruna O, Dalhat M, et al. Outbreak of human monkeypox in Nigeria in 2017–18: a clinical and epidemiological report. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2019;19:872– 879. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30294-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 22. 2019. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bit-stream/handle/10665/325086/OEW22-270502062019.pdf. Accessed: 25 September 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 22. 2019. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bit-stream/handle/10665/325086/OEW22-270502062019.pdf. Accessed: 25 September 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 11.2020. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bit-stream/handle/10665/255579//OEW11-0915032020.pdf. Accessed: 25 September 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 11.2020. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bit-stream/handle/10665/255579//OEW11-0915032020.pdf. Accessed: 25 September 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 21.2017. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bit-stream/handle/10665/255579//OEW21-202652017.pdf. Accessed: 25 September 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 21.2017. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bit-stream/handle/10665/255579//OEW21-202652017.pdf. Accessed: 25 September 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 08.2018. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bit-stream/handle/10665/260335//OEW8-1723022018.pdf. Accessed: 26 September 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 08.2018. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bit-stream/handle/10665/260335//OEW8-1723022018.pdf. Accessed: 26 September 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 39. 2018. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/275136/260335//OEW39-2228092018.pdf. Accessed: 25 September 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 39. 2018. Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/275136/260335//OEW39-2228092018.pdf. Accessed: 25 September 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 01. 2018. Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/278952/260335//OEW01-29122018-04012019.pdf. Accessed: 26 September 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 01. 2018. Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/278952/260335//OEW01-29122018-04012019.pdf. Accessed: 26 September 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 37.2020. Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/334303//OEW37-0713092020.pdf. Accessed: 26 September 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 37.2020. Available at: https://www.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/334303//OEW37-0713092020.pdf. Accessed: 26 September 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.ourworldindata.org/monkeypox. Accessed: 26 September 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Доступно на:/ Available at: https://www.ourworldindata.org/monkeypox. Accessed: 26 September 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
