epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-2-50-60epidemiology-1970Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESИммунитет к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 и его влияние на клеточный состав кровиEffect of Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Virus on Blood Cellular Compositionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-7625ТатарниковаВ. В.TatarnikovaV. V.

Татарникова Валентина Владимировна – к. б. н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории патофизиологии.

664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78

Тел.+7 (950) 111-92-53, факс: +7 (3952) 22-01-40

Valentina V. Tatarnikova – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher laboratory of pathophysiology, FGHI Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Rospotrebnadzor.

78, Trilissera, Irkutsk, 664047

Tel. +7 (950) 111-92-53, fax: +7 (3952) 22-01-40

vvoitkova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-6207ДубровинаВ. И.DubrovinaV. I.

Дубровина Валентина Ивановна – д. б. н., заведующая лабораторией патофизиологии.

Иркутск

Valentina I. Dubrovina – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of Pathophysiology, FGHI Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute.

Irkutsk

dubrovina-valya@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-2998КиселеваН. О.KiselevaN. O.

Киселева Наталья Олеговна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории патофизиологии.

Иркутск

Natalya O. Kiseleva – junior researcher laboratory of pathophysiology, FGHI Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute.

Irkutsk

vesteros1153@gmail.comВишняковВ. A.VishnyakovV. A.

Вишняков Владимир Александрович – к. м. н., заведующий изолятором, врач-инфекционист.

Иркутск

Vladimir A. Vishnyakov – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the probational ward, Infectious Disease Physician, FGHI Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute.

Irkutsk

vladimir.vishnyakov.85@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5589-9522БрюховаД. Д.BryukhovaD. D.

Брюхова Дарья Дмитриевна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории патофизиологии.

Иркутск

Darya D. Bryukhova – junior researcher laboratory of pathophysiology, FGHI Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute.

Irkutsk

darabrukhov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-4517ПятидесятниковаА. Б.PyatidesyatnikovaA. B.

Пятидесятникова Анна Борисовна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории патофизиологии.

Иркутск

Anna B. Pyatidesyatnikova – Junior Research Officer at the Pathophysiological Laboratory, FGHI Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute.

Irkutsk

adm@chumin.irkutsk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4422-0497БондарюкА. Н.BondaryukA. N.

Бондарюк Артем Николаевич – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории природно-очаговых вирусных инфекций.

Иркутск

Artem N. Bondaryuk – junior researcher laboratory of natural focal viral infections, FGHI Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute.

Irkutsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4201-5828БалахоновС. В.BalakhonovS. V.

Балахонов Сергей Владимирович – д. м. н., профессор, директор ФКУЗ Иркутский НИПЧИ Роспотребнадзора.

Иркутск

Sergey V. Balakhonov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director of the FGHI Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute.

Irkutsk

balakhonov.irk@mail.ruФКУЗ «Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт Сибири и Дальнего Востока» РоспотребнадзораРоссияFederal Government Health Institution Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East of RospotrebnadzorRussian Federation2024030520242325060Copyright © Татарникова В.В., Дубровина В.И., Киселева Н.О., Вишняков В.A., Брюхова Д.Д., Пятидесятникова А.Б., Бондарюк А.Н., Балахонов С.В., 20242024Татарникова В.В., Дубровина В.И., Киселева Н.О., Вишняков В.A., Брюхова Д.Д., Пятидесятникова А.Б., Бондарюк А.Н., Балахонов С.В.Tatarnikova V.V., Dubrovina V.I., Kiseleva N.O., Vishnyakov V.A., Bryukhova D.D., Pyatidesyatnikova A.B., Bondaryuk A.N., Balakhonov S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/1970

Актуальность. COVID-19 на сегодняшний день по-прежнему остается проблемой здравоохранения. В большинстве исследований, направленных на изучение иммунитета при COVID-19, внимание обращено на гуморальный иммунитет и в незначительной степени – на клеточный. Практически нет работ, посвященных динамике изменения клеточного состава крови при формировании иммунитета, индуцированного вирусом SARS-CoV-2. Цель. Изучение динамики изменений клеточного состава крови в зависимости от типа сформированного иммунитета на вирус SARS-CoV-2 (естественный, гибридный, прорывной, поствакцинальный). Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняло участие 130 волонтеров. Проведено иммунофенотипирование лейкоцитов периферической крови с использованием проточной цитометрии. В сыворотке с помощью ИФА оценивали наличие специфичных антител IgG к N-белку SARS-CoV-2, общего IgA и цитокинов (IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α). Результаты и обсуждение. Статистически значимое увеличение BL клеток зарегистрировано у волонтеров с гибридным иммунитетом через 1 месяц (14,0% (12,3–16,4%)) после вакцинации по сравнению со здоровыми волонтерами (9,1% (6,4–10,2%), р = 0,0007) и людьми, перенесшими первичную инфекцию COVID-19 (10,2% (8,3–12,1%), р = 0,0134). У добровольцев с естественным и гибридным иммунитетом, а также у ревакцинированных людей отмечено повышение содержания B1-клеток (CD3-CD19+CD5+CD27-) на протяжении 3–9 месяцев наблюдения. Показано, что повышение В-лимфоцитов с «переключенным» классом синтезируемых антител выявлено у волонтеров с прорывным иммунитетом. У всех участников исследования на протяжении 6–9 месяцев наблюдения регистрировался повышенный уровень Т-лимфоцитов, экспрессирующих HLA-DR. У волонтеров, обладающих прорывным иммунитетом, отмечалось значительное увеличение индекса позитивности при оценке наличия специфических антител класса IgG к N-белку коронавируса по сравнению с волонтерами с естественным и гибридным иммунитетом. Выводы. Вакцинация способствует формированию защитного иммунитета против COVID-19, достаточного для своевременной активации Т-и В-клеток памяти при прорывном иммунитете и поддержания иммунологической эффективности при гибридном иммунитете. Полученные результаты помогают оценить напряженность врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета при COVID-19, а также восполнить пробелы в понимании иммунопатогенеза при этой инфекции.

Relevance. The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is still a public health problem and a threat to socio-economic well-being. Most studies have focused predominantly on humoral immunity, and there are no data on the cellular composition of blood in dynamics. Aim. To study the dynamics of changes in blood cellular composition depending on the type of immunity formed (natural, hybrid, breakthrough, postvaccinal) to SARS-CoV-2 virus. Materials and Methods. A total of 130 volunteers participated in the study. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocytes using flow cytometry was performed. The presence of specific IgG antibodies to N-protein SARS-CoV-2, total IgA and cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α) was assessed in serum by ELISA. Results and Discussion. A statistically significant increase in BL was recorded in volunteers with hybrid immunity 1 month (14,0% (12,3–16,4%)) after vaccination compared to healthy volunteers (9,1% (6,4–10,2%), p = 0,0007) and people with primary COVID-19 infection (10,2% (8,3–12,1%), p = 0,0134). In volunteers with natural and hybrid immunity, as well as in revaccinated people, an increase in B1-cells (CD3-CD19+CD5+CD27-) was observed during 3–9 months of observation. It is shown that the increase of B-lymphocytes with «switched» class of synthesized antibodies was detected in people with breakthrough immunity. Increased levels of T-lymphocytes expressing HLA-DR were recorded in all individuals during 6–9 months of follow-up. Volunteers with breakthrough immunity showed a significant increase in the positivity index when assessing the presence of specific IgG class antibodies to the coronavirus N-protein compared with volunteers with natural and hybrid immunity. Conclusions. Vaccination promotes protective immunity sufficient for timely activation of memory T- and B-cells in breakthrough immunity and maintenance of immunologic efficacy in hybrid immunity against COVID-19. The results help to assess the strain of innate and adaptive immunity in novel coronavirus infection and to fill gaps in the understanding of immunopathogenesis in COVID-19.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.