<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-3-47-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-2013</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы, определяющие приверженность антисептике рук, у персонала медицинских организаций в период пандемического распространения инфекций (на примере COVID­-19)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Factors Determining Adherence to Hand Antisepsis by Healthcare Workers during Pandemic Infection Spread (as exemplified by COVID­-19)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9749-4611</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Сергеевна Смирнова – к. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель Урало-Сибирского научно-методического центра по профилактике инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи; доцент кафедры эпидемиологии, социальной гигиены и организации госсанэпидслужбы</p><p>620030, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Летняя, 23</p><p>+7 (343) 261-99-47 (секретарь института)</p><p>+7 (908) 917-59-86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana S. Smirnova – Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, head of the Ural-Siberian scientific-methodological center for the prevention of health-care-related infections; Associate Professor of the Department of Epidemiology, Social Hygiene and Organization of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service</p><p>23 Letskaya str., Yekaterinburg, 620030</p><p>+7 (343) 261-99-47</p><p>+7 (908) 917-59-86</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smirnova_ss69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9261-5624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стагильская</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stagilskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Сергеевна Стагильская – врач-эпидемиолог Урало-Сибирского научно-методического центра по профилактике инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи</p><p>г. Екатеринбург</p><p>+7 (922) 147-37-51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Stagilskaya – Epidemiologist of the Ural-Siberian scientific-methodological center for the prevention of health-care-related infections</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p><p>+7 (922) 147-37-51</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stagilskaya_ys@niivirom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7153-2827</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Андреевич Егоров – младший научный сотрудник Урало-Сибирского научно-методического центра по профилактике инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи</p><p>г. Екатеринбург</p><p>+7 (922) 127-66-88</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Egorov – junior researcher of the Ural-Siberian scientific-methodological center for the prevention of health-care-related infections</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p><p>+7 (922) 127-66-88</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorov_ia@niivirom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7018-7582</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуйков</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuikov</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Николаевич Жуйков – научный сотрудник Урало-Сибирского научно-методического центра по профилактике инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи</p><p>г. Екатеринбург</p><p>+7 (912) 263-22-52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay N. Zhuikov – researcher Ural-Siberian scientific-methodological center for the prevention of health-care-related infections</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p><p>+7 (912) 263-22-52</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhuikov_nn@niivirom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН ФНИИВИ «Виром» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSRIVI “Virome” Rospotrebnadzor;  Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН ФНИИВИ «Виром» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSRIVI “Virome” Rospotrebnadzor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнова С.С., Стагильская Ю.С., Егоров И.А., Жуйков Н.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнова С.С., Стагильская Ю.С., Егоров И.А., Жуйков Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnova S.S., Stagilskaya Y.S., Egorov I.A., Zhuikov N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2013">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2013</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Приверженность персонала медицинских организаций антисептике рук является актуальной проблемой в период любого эпидемического неблагополучия. В условиях высоких биологических рисков снижается возможность выполнения процедуры антисептики, создаются условия для внутрибольничной передачи возбудителей и роста числа инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи (ИСМП). Цель. Изучить факторы, определяющие приверженность персонала медицинской организации антисептике рук в период пандемического распространения инфекций (на примере COVID-19). Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на протяжении всего периода пандемии COVID-19. Для оценки приверженности гигиене рук персонала медицинских организаций проведено анонимное анкетирование работников инфекционных стационаров (2021–2022 гг.), исследование уровня вирусно-бактериальной контаминации рук и объектов больничной среды (2021–2023 гг.). В исследовании применяли эпидемиологический (описательно-оценочный), бактериологический (классический посев, определение АМР с помощью анализатора VITEC-2), молекулярно-биологический (ОТ-ПЦР, секвенирование по Сэнгеру), статистический (анкетирование, построение моделей машинного обучения) методы исследований. Результаты. По результатам анкетирования установлены основные факторы, влияющие на формирование отношения к антисептике рук у персонала медицинских организаций с медицинским и немедицинским образованием. Установлено, что пандемическое распространение инфекций негативно сказывается на уровне контаминации рук персонала инфекционных госпиталей, который составил у врачей 35,3%, медицинских сестер – 28,8%, уборщиков помещений госпиталя – 25%. Спектр выделенных возбудителей включал вирус SARS-CoV-2 и условно-патогенные микроорганизмы (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Pantoea agglomerans, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli), в том числе с широким профилем антимикробной резистентности. Заключение. Уровень приверженности антисептике рук в инфекционном госпитале в период пандемии COVID-19 составил 82,3% у персонала с медицинским образованием и 71,2% – без медицинского образования. Результаты подтверждают значительную роль рук персонала во внутрибольничной передаче опасных патогенов и указывают на необходимость системного контроля выполнения правил антисептики всех сотрудников медицинской организации вне зависимости от их образования и специализации. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. The healthcare personnel’s adherence to hand antisepsis is а pressing problem during any epidemic outbreak. In the context of high biological hazards, the possibility of performing proper antiseptic procedures is reduced while nosocomial pathogen transmission and healthcare-associated infection (HAI) rate growth are promoted. Aims. Studying the factors determining the healthcare workers’ adherence to hand antisepsis during a pandemic infection spread (as exemplified by COVID-19). Materials and methods. The study was conducted during the entire COVID-19 pandemic. To estimate the rate of adherence rate by the healthcare personnel to hand hygiene, we conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey of the staff in infectious disease hospitals (2021–2022) as well as assessed the viral and bacterial contamination rates of the personnel’s hands and the hospital environment items (2021–2023). Epidemiological (descriptive-evaluation), bacteriological (conventional culture, AMR determination using a VITEK2 analyzer), molecular biological (RT-PCR, Sanger sequencing) and statistical (a questionnaire survey, building machine learning models) methods were used in the study. Results. Based on the results of the survey, the main factors influencing the formation of attitudes towards antiseptics among the staff of medical organizations with medical and non-medical education were identified. It was found that the pandemic spread of infections negatively affects the level of contamination of the hands of infectious diseases hospital staff, which amounted to 35.3% of doctors, 28.8% of nurses, and 25% of hospital cleaners. The spectrum of isolated pathogens included viruses (SARS-CoV-2) and opportunistic microorganisms (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Pantoea agglomerans, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli), including those with a wide profile of antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the rate of adherence to hand antisepsis in the infectious disease hospital was 82.3% in the staff with a medical background and 71.2% in the staff without one. The results confirm the significant role of staff hands in the in-hospital transmission of dangerous pathogens and indicate the need for systematic monitoring of the level of knowledge on antiseptics among all employees of a medical organization, regardless of specialization and level of education.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антисептика рук</kwd><kwd>персонал медицинской организации</kwd><kwd>приверженность</kwd><kwd>ИСМП</kwd><kwd>пандемия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hand antisepsis</kwd><kwd>healthcare institution workers</kwd><kwd>adherence</kwd><kwd>HAI</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы статьи выражают искреннюю признательность за участие в проведении исследования сотрудникам ГАУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница» О. Ю. Аверьянову, В. А. Смирновой, А. Н. Большаковой и ГАУЗ СО «Городская инфекционная больница г. Нижний Тагил» М. В. Холманских, Л. С. Захаровой, А. П. Лобановой, Л. А. Пуховой.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors of the article express their sincere gratitude for their participation in the study to the staff of the State Autonomous Institution of Public Institution «Regional Children's Clinical Hospital» O. Yu. Averyanov, V. A. Smirnova, A. N. Bolshakova and the City Infectious Diseases Hospital of Nizhny Tagil M. V. Kholmanskikh, L. S. Zakharova, A. P. Lobanova, L. A. Pukhova.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соблюдение надлежащей гигиены рук медико-санитарными работниками позволяет предохранить больных от инфекций, устойчивых к лекарственным средствам. Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Доступно на: https://www.who.int/ru/news/item/02-05-2014-good-hand-hygiene-by-health-workers-protects-patients-from-drug-resistant-infections (дата обращения: 25.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Good hand hygiene by health workers protects patients from drug resistant infections // World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/ru/news/item/02-05-2014-good-hand-hygiene-by-health-workers-protects-patients-from-drug-resistant-infections (Accessed: 25.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководство ВОЗ по гигиене рук в здравоохранении: Резюме. Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Доступно на: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/112367/WHO_IER_PSP_2009.07_rus.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y (дата обращения: 02.11.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: a Summary. World Health Organization Available at: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/112367/WHO_IER_PSP_2009.07_rus.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y (Accessed: 02.11.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова С. С., Егоров И. А., Жуйков Н. Н. и др. Сравнительная оценка рисков инфицирования SARS-CoV-2 у работников медицинских организаций крупного промышленного города в период пандемии. Анализ риска здоровью. – 2022. – № 2. – С. 139–150. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.2.13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova S.S., Egorov I.А., Zhuikov N.N., et al. Risks of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 for medical personnel in a large industrial city during the pandemic: comparative assessment. Health Risk Analysis, 2022, no. 2, p. 139–150 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.2.13.eng.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние гигиены рук в мире: Глобальный призыв к действию для придания гигиене рук приоритетного значения в политике и на практике. ЮНИСЕФ. Доступно на: https://www.unicef.org/media/124526/file/State%20of%20the%20World›s%20Hand%20Hygiene.pdf (дата обращения: 24.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United Nations Children’s Fund and World Health Organization, State of the World’s Hand Hygiene: A global call to action to make hand hygiene a priority in policy and practice // UNICEF. Available at:: https://www.unicef.org/media/124526/file/State%20of%20the%20World’s%20Hand%20Hygiene.pdf ( Accessed: 24.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гигиена рук медицинского персонала. Федеральные клинические рекомендации. – М., 2014. – 31 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hand hygiene of medical personnel. Federal clinical recommendations. – M., 2014. – p. 31(In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roshan R, Feroz AS, Rafique Z, et al. Rigorous Hand Hygiene Practices Among Health Care Workers Reduce Hospital-Associated Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Prim Care Community Health. 2020 Jan-Dec;11:2150132720943331. doi: 10.1177/2150132720943331. PMID: 32686571; PMCID: PMC7372602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roshan R, Feroz AS, Rafique Z, et al. Rigorous Hand Hygiene Practices Among Health Care Workers Reduce Hospital-Associated Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Prim Care Community Health. 2020 Jan-Dec;11:2150132720943331. doi: 10.1177/2150132720943331. PMID: 32686571; PMCID: PMC7372602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandbøl SG, Glassou EN, Ellermann-Eriksen S, et al. Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Infect Control. 2022 Jul;50(7):719-723. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.03.014. Epub 2022 Mar 30. PMID: 35367321; PMCID: PMC8966111.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandbøl SG, Glassou EN, Ellermann-Eriksen S, et al. Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Infect Control. 2022 Jul;50(7):719-723. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.03.014. Epub 2022 Mar 30. PMID: 35367321; PMCID: PMC8966111.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егоров И. А., Смирнова С. С., Мищенко В. А. и др. Особенности вирусно-бактериальной контаминации объектов больничной среды инфекционного госпиталя для лечения больных COVID-19 в период пандемии. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2022;21(6):13--23. https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-13-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorov I.A., Smirnova S.S., Mishchenko V.A., et al. Characteristic of Viral and Bacterial Contaminationin Objects of the Infection Hospital Environment of the Hospital for the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 During the Pandemic Period. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2022;21(6):13 –23 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-13-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заболотских И. Б., Киров М. Ю., Лебединский К. М. и др. Анестезиолого-реанимационное обеспечение пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19. Методические рекомендации Общероссийской общественной организации «Федерация анестезиологов и реаниматологов. // Вестник интенсивной терапии имени А.И. Салтанова. – 2021. – № S1. – С. 1–143. – DOI 10.21320/1818-474X-2021-S1-9-143. – EDN LAWCYA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zabolotskikh I.B., Kirov M.Yu., Lebedinskii K.M., et al. Anesthesia and intensive care for patients with COVID-19. Russian Federation of anesthesiologists and reanimatologists guidelines. Annals of Critical Care. 2021;S1:9–143 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21320/1818-474X-2021-S1-9-143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова С. С., Жуйков Н. Н., Егоров И. А. и др. Сравнительный анализ методов отбора проб смывов с объектов внешней среды для оценки вирусно-бактериальной контаминации. Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО. 2023;31(4):77-84. https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2023-31-4-77-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova S.S., Zhuikov N.N., Egorov I.A., et al. Comparative Analysis of Methods of Environmental Surface Sampling for Assessment of Viral and Bacterial Contamination. Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE. 2023;31(4):77-84. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2023-31-4-77-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чаще всего жалуются на большие переработки маркетологи, учителя и врачи // Исследовательский центр портала Superjob.ru. Доступно на: https://www.superjob.ru/research/articles/114147/chasche-vsego-zhaluyutsya-na-bolshie-pererabotki-marketologi/ (дата обращения: 18.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Most often, marketers, teachers and doctors complain about large overtime. Portal Research Center Superjob.ru. (In Russ.). Available at: https://www.superjob.ru/research/articles/114147/chasche-vsego-zhaluyutsya-na-bolshie-pererabotki-marketologi/ (Accessed: 18.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новая коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19: профессиональные аспекты сохранения здоровья и безопасности медицинских работников: методические рекомендации. И. В. Бухтиярова, Ю. Ю. Горблянского, ред. М.: АМТ, ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ», 2021. – 132 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">New coronavirus infection COVID-19: professional aspects of maintaining the health and safety of medical workers: methodological recommendations. Ed.: I.V. Bukhtiyarova, Yu.Yu. Gorblyanskogo. – M.: AMT, FGBN U «NII MT», 2021; р.132 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Платонова Т. А., Голубкова А. А., Смирнова С. С. и др. К проблеме выявления групп риска по формированию синдрома эмоционального выгорания сотрудников медицинских организаций в период пандемии COVID-19. Анализ риска здоровью. – 2021. – №4. – С. 162–172. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2021.4.18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Platonova T.A., Golubkova A.A., Smirnova S.S., et al. On revealing risk groups regarding emotional burn-out syndrome among medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Risk Analysis, 2021, no. 4, pp. 162 –172 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2021.4.18.eng.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Houghton C, Meskell P, Delaney H, et al. Barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers’ adherence with infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases: a rapid qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Apr 21; 4(4):CD013582. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013582. PMID: 32315451; PMCID: PMC7173761.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Houghton C, Meskell P, Delaney H, et al. Barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers’ adherence with infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases: a rapid qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Apr 21; 4(4):CD013582. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013582. PMID: 32315451; PMCID: PMC7173761.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Israel S, Harpaz K, Radvogin E, et al. Dramatically improved hand hygiene performance rates at time of coronavirus pandemic. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Nov;26(11):1566–1568. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.002. Epub 2020 Jun 8. PMID: 32526277; PMCID: PMC7831641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Israel S, Harpaz K, Radvogin E, et al. Dramatically improved hand hygiene performance rates at time of coronavirus pandemic. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Nov;26(11):1566–1568. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.002. Epub 2020 Jun 8. PMID: 32526277; PMCID: PMC7831641.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Factors that influence whether healthcare workers follow infection prevention and control guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases. Cochrane Доступно на: https://www.cochrane.org/CD013582/EPOC_factors-influence-whether-healthcare-workers-follow-infection-prevention-and-control-guidelines (дата обращения: 18.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Factors that influence whether healthcare workers follow infection prevention and control guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases. Cochrane. Available at: https://www.cochrane.org/CD013582/EPOC_factors-influence-whether-healthcare-workers-follow-infection-prevention-and-control-guidelines (Accessed: 18.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maltezou HC, Dedoukou X, Tsonou P, et al. Hospital factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel in Greece. J Hosp Infect. 2021 Mar;109:40–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.10.010. Epub 2020 Oct 22. PMID: 33169676; PMCID: PMC7581318.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maltezou HC, Dedoukou X, Tsonou P, et al. Hospital factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel in Greece. J Hosp Infect. 2021 Mar;109:40–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.10.010. Epub 2020 Oct 22. PMID: 33169676; PMCID: PMC7581318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gagneux-Brunon A, Pelissier C, Gagnaire J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection: advocacy for training and social distancing in healthcare settings. J Hosp Infect. 2020 Nov;106(3):610–612. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.001. Epub 2020 Aug 8. PMID: 32781200; PMCID: PMC7414384.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gagneux-Brunon A, Pelissier C, Gagnaire J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection: advocacy for training and social distancing in healthcare settings. J Hosp Infect. 2020 Nov;106(3):610–612. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.001. Epub 2020 Aug 8. PMID: 32781200; PMCID: PMC7414384.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson NM, Norton A, Young FP, et al. Airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to healthcare workers: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2020 Aug;75(8):1086–1095. doi: 10.1111/anae.15093. Epub 2020 May 8. PMID: 32311771; PMCID: PMC7264768.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson NM, Norton A, Young FP, et al. Airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to healthcare workers: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2020 Aug;75(8):1086–1095. doi: 10.1111/anae.15093. Epub 2020 May 8. PMID: 32311771; PMCID: PMC7264768.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова С. С., Жуйков Н. Н., Егоров И. А. и др. Схема отбора проб смывов с объектов внешней среды для одновременной оценки вирусно-бактериальной контаминации. Патент на промышленный образец №132971./ Бюллетень «Промышленные образцы». – 2022. – №9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova S.S., Zhuikov N.N., Egorov I.A., et al. Scheme for sampling swabs from environmental objects for simultaneous assessment of viral and bacterial contamination. Patent for industrial design No. 132971. Bulletin «Industrial Designs». – 2022. – No. 9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garrido-Molina JM, Márquez-Hernández VV, Alcayde-García A, et al. Disinfection of gloved hands during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Hosp Infect. 2021 Jan; 107:5–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.015. Epub 2020 Sep 17. PMID: 32949629; PMCID: PMC7494495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garrido-Molina JM, Márquez-Hernández VV, Alcayde-García A, et al. Disinfection of gloved hands during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Hosp Infect. 2021 Jan; 107:5–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.015. Epub 2020 Sep 17. PMID: 32949629; PMCID: PMC7494495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kowitt B, Jefferson J, Mermel LA. Factors associated with hand hygiene compliance at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013 Nov; 34(11):1146–52. doi: 10.1086/673465. Epub 2013 Sep 23. PMID: 24113597.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kowitt B, Jefferson J, Mermel LA. Factors associated with hand hygiene compliance at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013 Nov; 34(11):1146–52. doi: 10.1086/673465. Epub 2013 Sep 23. PMID: 24113597.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X, Ma Y, Kong L, et al. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene compliance of healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in East China. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 22; 10:1160828. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1160828. PMID: 37425301; PMCID: PMC10324029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X, Ma Y, Kong L, et al. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene compliance of healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in East China. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 22; 10:1160828. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1160828. PMID: 37425301; PMCID: PMC10324029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong SC, AuYeung CH, Lam GK, et al. Is it possible to achieve 100 percent hand hygiene compliance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? J Hosp Infect. 2020 Aug; 105(4):779–781. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.016. Epub 2020 May 15. PMID: 32422309; PMCID: PMC7255117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong SC, AuYeung CH, Lam GK, et al. Is it possible to achieve 100 percent hand hygiene compliance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? J Hosp Infect. 2020 Aug; 105(4):779–781. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.016. Epub 2020 May 15. PMID: 32422309; PMCID: PMC7255117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moore LD, Robbins G, Quinn J, et al. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene performance in hospitals. Am J Infect Control. 2021 Jan; 49(1):30–33. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.08.021. Epub 2020 Aug 18. PMID: 32818577; PMCID: PMC7434409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moore LD, Robbins G, Quinn J, et al. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene performance in hospitals. Am J Infect Control. 2021 Jan; 49(1):30–33. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.08.021. Epub 2020 Aug 18. PMID: 32818577; PMCID: PMC7434409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Araghi F, Tabary M, Gheisari M, et al. Hand Hygiene Among Health Care Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Recommendations. Dermatitis. 2020 Jul/Aug; 31(4):233–237. doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000639. PMID: 32568806.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Araghi F, Tabary M, Gheisari M, et al. Hand Hygiene Among Health Care Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Recommendations. Dermatitis. 2020 Jul/Aug; 31(4):233–237. doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000639. PMID: 32568806.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuller C, Savage J, Besser S, et al. «The dirty hand in the latex glove»: a study of hand hygiene compliance when gloves are worn. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;32(12):1194–9. doi: 10.1086/662619. Epub 2011 Oct 17. PMID: 22080658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuller C, Savage J, Besser S, et al. «The dirty hand in the latex glove»: a study of hand hygiene compliance when gloves are worn. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;32(12):1194–9. doi: 10.1086/662619. Epub 2011 Oct 17. PMID: 22080658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кошечко И. И., Салтыкова Т. С. Влияние пандемии COVID-19 на формирование отношения населения Российской Федерации к профилактике инфекционных заболеваний. Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины. 2022;30(6):1184—1194. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-6-1184-1194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koshechko I.I., Saltykova T.S. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the formation of the attitude of the population of the Russian Federation to the prevention of infectious diseases. Problemi socialnoi gigieni, zdravookhranenia i istorii meditsini. 2022;30(6):1184–1194 (In Russ.). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-6-1184-1194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
