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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-5-73-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-2086</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ И ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND VACCINE PREVENTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инфицирование пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией M. Tuberculosis и заболеваемость туберкулезом: 8-летнее наблюдение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>M. tuberculosis Infection in Patients with HIV Infection and Incidence of Tuberculosis: 8-year Follow-up</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-5022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богородская</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogorodskaya</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Михайловна Богородская – д. м. н., профессор, главный внештатный специалист фтизиатр Департамента здравоохранения города</p><p>Москва, +7 (925) 381-02-18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena M. Bogorodskaya, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, chief freelance specialist phthisiatrician of the Moscow Department of Health</p><p>Moscow, +7 (925) 381-02-18</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">el_bogorodskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9767-4022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белиловский</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belilovskiy</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белиловский Евгений Михайлович, д. б. н., заведующий отделом эпидемиологического мониторинга туберкулеза</p><p>107014, Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 10, стр. 1. +7 (916)124-04–92, факс +7 (499) 785-20-82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny M. Belilovskiy – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Department of Epidemiological Surveillance of Tuberculosis</p><p>10-1, Stromynka street, Moscow, 107014, +7 (916)124-04–92, факс +7 (499) 785-20-82</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belilo5@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1966-3057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аюшеева</surname><given-names>Л. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayusheeva</surname><given-names>L. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лидия Булатовна Аюшеева – к. м. н., заместитель главного врача по медицинской части (для работы с пациентами, больными туберкулезом, сочетанным с ВИЧ-инфекцией)</p><p>Москва, +7 (929) 649-23-19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lidiya B. Ayusheeva – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Medical Affairs (for working with patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection)</p><p>Moscow, +7 (929) 649-23-19</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ayusheevalida64@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0471-1691</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Посадская</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Posadskaya</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Николаевна Посадская – студентка 4 курса Института клинической медицины им Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>Москва, +7 (933) 777-71-74</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta N. Posadskaya – 4th year student Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky</p><p>Moscow, +7 (933) 777-71-74</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liza.usenko.1999@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ города Москвы «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богородская Е.М., Белиловский Е.М., Аюшеева Л.Б., Посадская Е.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богородская Е.М., Белиловский Е.М., Аюшеева Л.Б., Посадская Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogorodskaya E.M., Belilovskiy E.M., Ayusheeva L.B., Posadskaya E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2086">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2086</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Пациенты с ВИЧ-инфекцией входят в группу риска по заболеванию туберкулезом. Согласно данным ВОЗ, наличие ВИЧ-инфекции повышает вероятность заболевания туберкулезом в 26 раз и является в мире вторым после недоедания фактором, способствующим заболеванию. Цель. Изучение первичной инфицированности M. tuberculosis, распространения латентной инфекции и заболеваемости туберкулезом ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов в течение 8 лет наблюдения. Материалы и методы. Исследование было проведено на большом массиве данных, полученных в когорте пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией, впервые обратившихся в 2016 г. в кабинет профилактики и раннего выявления туберкулеза ГБУЗ «МНПЦ борьбы с туберкулезом ДЗМ». Пациенты наблюдались в течение 8 лет (2016–2023 гг.). Результаты и обсуждение. Для оценки распространения туберкулезной инфекции среди людей, живущих с ВИЧ/СПИД (ЛЖВС), была выделена подгруппа из 5754 человек (80,8%), у которых в 2016 г. были известны результаты тестов с аллергеном туберкулезным рекомбинантным – АТР. В этой группе за 8 лет (2016–2023 гг.) заболело 38 (13,1%) человек из 291 пациента с АТР (+) и 55 (1,0%) человек из 5503 лиц с АТР (-). Проведен анализ информации о скрининге на наличие латентной и активной туберкулезной инфекции и о течении ВИЧ-инфекции: даты регистрации в Центре СПИД, даты получения положительного результата иммуноблота, уровень CD4+ лимфоцитов, стадия ВИЧ-инфекции, сведения о приеме антиретровирусной терапии. В течение первых четырех лет наблюдения (2017–2020 гг.) за ЛЖВС с латентной туберкулезной инфекцией (ЛТИ) было зарегистрировано 91,7% от всех случаев заболевания туберкулезом в 2017–2023 гг. Заключение. Наличие ЛТИ у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией увеличивает вероятность заболевания туберкулезом более чем в 10 раз, при этом шанс заболеть более чем в пять раз меньше у лиц с ЛТИ, получивших полный курс превентивного лечения туберкулеза. Отсутствие превентивной терапии туберкулеза ускоряет и увеличивает вероятность заболевания туберкулезом ЛЖВС: в течение первого года наблюдения заболевает 70% из них.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Patients with HIV infection is of the leading risk groups for tuberculosis. According to WHO, the presence of HIV infection increases the likelihood of developing tuberculosis by 26 times and is the second factor in the world after malnutrition that affects the number of cases of tuberculosis. Aims. Study of primary infection with M. tuberculosis, spread of latent infection and incidence of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients during 8 years of observation. Materials &amp; Methods. An analysis of the data from the register of requests to the Cabinet was carried out. We studied a cohort of persons living with HIV who first visited the TB office in 2016. We studied information about screening for latent and active tuberculosis infection. We studied information about the course of HIV infection: the date of registration at the AIDS Center, the date of receiving a positive immunoblot result, the level of CD4+ lymphocytes, the stage of HIV infection, information about taking antiretroviral therapy. Results and discussion. The study was conducted on a large array of data obtained in a cohort of patients with HIV infection who first applied in 2016 to the office for the prevention and early detection of tuberculosis of the Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health and was observed for 8 years until 2023. For evaluation of the spread of tuberculosis infection among persons living with HIV, a subgroup of 5754 people was identified for whom the test results with recombinant tuberculosis allergen -ATR, were known in 2016, which amounted to 80.8%. A total of 6,733 ATR were administered, with 15.0% of patients not presenting for evaluation, 1.0% refusing the test, and 3.2% having a medical exemption from the skin test. In this group, over 8 years (2016-2023), 38 (13.1%) people out of 291 patients with ATR(+) and 55 (1.0%) people out of 5503 people with ATR(-) fell ill. During the first 4 years of observation in 2017-2020, 91.7% of all tuberculosis cases were registered for persons living with HIV with LTBI in 2017-2023. Conclusion. The presence of LTBI in patients with HIV infection increases the likelihood of developing tuberculosis by more than 10 times, while the chance of developing tuberculosis is more than five times lower in people with LTBI who have received a full course of preventive treatment for tuberculosis. The lack of preventive therapy for tuberculosis accelerates and increases the likelihood of persons living with HIV contracting tuberculosis: during the first year of observation, 70% of all cases become ill.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>инфицирование</kwd><kwd>латентная туберкулезная инфекция</kwd><kwd>Диаскинтест</kwd><kwd>превентивная терапия</kwd><kwd>химиопрофилактика</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологический мониторинг</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость туберкулезом</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>infection</kwd><kwd>latent tuberculosis infection</kwd><kwd>preventive therapy</kwd><kwd>chemoprophylaxis</kwd><kwd>epidemiological monitoring</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis incidence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global TB control WHO, 2015, c. 78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global TB control WHO, 2015, page 78</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global TB report WHO, 2023, c. 35-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global TB report WHO, 2023, pages 35–36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильева И. 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