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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-6-169-176</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-2132</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейтрализующие и ненейтрализующие антитела к SARS-CoV-2: роль при инфекции и в эволюции антигенной структуры</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neutralising and Non-neutralising Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2: Role during Infection and in the Evolution of Antigenic structure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4106-0184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пылаева</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pylaeva</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>София Константиновна Пылаева – младший научный сотрудник клинического отдела</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofya K. Pylaeva – junior researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pylaevava@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синюгина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyugina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Александровна Синюгина – руководитель направления по качеству и инновационным разработкам</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra A. Sinyugina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asina78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-1035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козловская</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlovskaya</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Игоревна Козловская – д. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории полиомиелита и других энтеровирусных инфекций с референс-центром ВОЗ по надзору за полиомиелитом; доцент кафедры организации и технологии производства иммунобиологических препаратов Института трансляционной медицины и биотехнологии</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lubov I. Kozlovskaya – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher; associate professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lubov_i_k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1496-0478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артамонова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artamonova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Алексеевна Артамонова – младший научный сотрудник клинического отдела</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenya A. Artamonova – junior researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.artamoon@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-6946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еровиченков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erovichenkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Анатольевич Еровиченков – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий клиническим отделом</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr A. Erovichenkov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">erovichenkov_aa@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-3728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сайфуллин</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sayfullin</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руслан Фаридович Сайфуллин – к. м. н., доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей педиатрического факультета</p><p>Москва</p><p>+7 (926) 162-15-36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ruslan F. Sayfullin – Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor</p><p>Moscow</p><p>+7 (926) 162-15-36</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ppsaifullin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-7535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордейчук</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeychuk</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Владимирович Гордейчук – к. м. н., заведующий отделом инновационных биотехнологических препаратов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Gordeychuk – Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gordeychuk_iv@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-4145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ишмухаметов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishmukhametov</surname><given-names>A. A</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айдар Айратович Ишмухаметов – член-корреспондент РАН, д. м. н., профессор, генеральный директор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aydar A. Ishmukhametov – the RAS corresponding member, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sue_polio@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов имени М.П. Чумакова РАН (Институт полиомиелита); ФГАОУ ВО  «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.P. Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Drugs of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute); Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических&#13;
препаратов имени М.П. Чумакова РАН (Институт полиомиелита)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.P. Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Drugs of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических&#13;
препаратов имени М.П. Чумакова РАН (Институт полиомиелита); ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.P. Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Drugs of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute); Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов имени М.П. Чумакова РАН (Институт полиомиелита)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.P. Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Drugs of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов имени М.П. Чумакова РАН (Институт полиомиелита); ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.P. Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Drugs of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute); Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>169</fpage><lpage>176</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пылаева С.К., Синюгина А.А., Козловская Л.И., Артамонова Е.А., Еровиченков А.А., Сайфуллин Р.Ф., Гордейчук И.В., Ишмухаметов А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пылаева С.К., Синюгина А.А., Козловская Л.И., Артамонова Е.А., Еровиченков А.А., Сайфуллин Р.Ф., Гордейчук И.В., Ишмухаметов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pylaeva S.K., Sinyugina A.A., Kozlovskaya L.I., Artamonova E.A., Erovichenkov A.A., Sayfullin R.F., Gordeychuk I.V., Ishmukhametov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2132">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2132</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. COVID-19, вызванный вирусом SARS-CoV-2, несмотря на завершение пандемии, продолжает оставаться глобальной угрозой для здоровья населения. За четыре года вирус претерпел значительные генетические изменения, особенно в гене поверхностного белка S, что привело к уклонению от иммунного ответа у людей, ранее переболевших или вакцинированных. Это вызывает обеспокоенность по поводу риска тяжелых форм заболевания у населения из этих групп, что подчеркивает необходимость глубокого понимания иммунного ответа на новые варианты вируса.Цель. Анализ особенностей формирования, спектра и функциональной активности антител у пациентов с COVID-19.Выводы. Антитела, вырабатываемые в ответ на инфекцию или вакцинацию, демонстрируют разнообразие в спектре и функциональной активности. Изменения в геноме вируса могут снижать эффективность антител, что подчеркивает важность мониторинга новых вариантов SARS-CoV-2 и разработки адаптированных к изменениям антигена вакцин. Эти данные имеют ключевое значение для формирования стратегий вакцинации и лечения COVID-19 в условиях изменяющейся эпидемической ситуации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, remains a global public health threat despite the end of the pandemic. In the four years since the onset of the pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 genome has undergone significant changes, particularly in the gene encoding the spike (S) protein. These changes resulted from the accumulation of immune responses in the human population, allowing the virus to evade the immune response. A significant proportion of the population was infected early in the pandemic or vaccinated with vaccines based on earlier variants of the virus. The emergence of new mutant variants raises concerns about the potential for severe COVID-19 in previously infected or vaccinated individuals.Аim. To examine the specifics of antibody formation, as well as the spectrum and functional activity of these antibodies in patients with COVID-19.Conclusions. Antibodies produced in response to infection or vaccination show diversity in spectrum and functional activity. Changes in the viral genome may reduce antibody effectiveness, highlighting the importance of monitoring new SARS-CoV-2 variants and developing adapted vaccines. These data will be key in shaping COVID-19 vaccination and treatment strategies in a changing epidemiological situation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>серологический тест</kwd><kwd>нейтрализующие антитела</kwd><kwd>ВНА</kwd><kwd>НАТ</kwd><kwd>связывающие антитела</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>serological test</kwd><kwd>neutralizing antibodies</kwd><kwd>NAT</kwd><kwd>binding antibodies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu, J., Ji, P., Pang, J., Zhong, Z., Li, H., He, C., Zhang, J., &amp; Zhao, C. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 3062 COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis. 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