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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2025-24-2-51-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-2208</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ И ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND VACCINE PREVENTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биоразнообразие микробиоты толстой кишки у жителей г. Архангельска</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biodiversity of colon microbiota in residents of Arkhangelsk</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-1485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кукалевская</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukalevskaya</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Николаевна Кукалевская – ассистент кафедры клинической биохимии, микробиологии и лабораторной диагностики</p><p>163069, Архангельская область, г. Архангельск, пр-т Троицкий, д. 51</p><p>+7 (911) 874-73-10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya N. Kukalevskaya – assistant at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>51, Troitsky Ave., Arkhangelsk region, Arkhangelsk, 163069</p><p>+7 (911) 874-73-10</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.kukalevskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-2341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бажукова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazhukova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Александровна Бажукова – д. м. н., профессор, зав. кафедрой клинической биохимии, микробиологии и лабораторной диагностики</p><p>163069, Архангельская область, г. Архангельск, пр-т Троицкий, д. 51</p><p>+7 (960) 001-60-61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Bazhukova – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>Arkhangelsk</p><p>+7 (960) 001-60-61</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tbazhukova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-0498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гржибовский</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grjibovski</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Мечиславович Гржибовский – начальник управления по научной и инновационной работе</p><p>г. Архангельск</p><p>+7 (921) 495-10-62</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrej M. Grjibovski – Phd, Head of the Directorate for Research and Innovations</p><p>Arkhangelsk</p><p>+7 (921) 495-10-62</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.grjibovski@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давидович</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davidovich</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Валерьевна Давидович – к. м. н., доцент, доцент кафедры клинической биохимии, микробиологии и лабораторной диагностики</p><p>г. Архангельск</p><p>+7 (902) 190-49-29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Davidovich – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>Arkhangelsk</p><p>+7 (902) 190-49-29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvdavidovich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-4749</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писарева</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisareva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Николаевна Писарева – старший преподаватель кафедры клинической биохимии, микробиологии и лабораторной диагностики</p><p>г. Архангельск</p><p>+7 (996) 503-96-09</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Pisareva – senior lecturer at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>Arkhangelsk</p><p>+7 (996) 503-96-09</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pisareva.sveta3917@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-3019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабанаев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabanaev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Алексеевич Сабанаев – ассистент кафедры клинической биохимии, микробиологии и лабораторной диагностики</p><p>г. Архангельск</p><p>+7 (904) 866-72-33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Sabanaev – assistant at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>Arkhangelsk</p><p>+7 (904) 866-72-33</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mix.sabanaeff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северный государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северный государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова»; ФГАОУ ВО «Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern State Medical University; Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov; North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кукалевская Н.Н., Бажукова Т.А., Гржибовский А.М., Давидович Н.В., Писарева С.Н., Сабанаев М.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кукалевская Н.Н., Бажукова Т.А., Гржибовский А.М., Давидович Н.В., Писарева С.Н., Сабанаев М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kukalevskaya N.N., Bazhukova T.A., Grjibovski A.M., Davidovich N.V., Pisareva S.N., Sabanaev M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2208">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2208</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Микробиота толстой кишки представляет собой сложный, динамичный биоценоз постоянных и изменяющихся популяций, который сложился эволюционно под воздействием множества эндо- и экзогенных факторов. Арктический регион является приоритетным направлением исследований в связи с особенностями природных экосистем и уникальностью многофакторного влияния на организм человека. Широко распространенные стрессорные факторы могут изменять состав, функции и метаболическую активность микробиоты.Цель. Изучить биоразнообразие микробиоты толстой кишки у здоровых лиц молодого возраста, постоянно и временно проживающих в г. Архангельске (Арктическая зона).Материалы и методы. Тип эпидемиологического исследования – поперечный. В ходе исследования нами была изучена микробиота толстой кишки (материал – фекалии) у 90 здоровых лиц молодого возраста (45 постоянно и 45 временно проживающих в г. Архангельске) с индексом массы тела в пределах нормы, без острых и хронических воспалительных заболеваний. Возраст в группе постоянных жителей составил 23 (21;33) года, а временно проживающих – 20 (19;23) лет (р = 0,377). Изучение микробного состава толстой кишки (32 показателя) проводили с помощью молекулярно-генетического метода (ПЦР в режиме реального времени). Данные представлены в виде количественных данных (lg КОЕ/г) и категориальных (не обнаружено, норма, меньше и больше нормы).Результаты и обсуждение. В обеих группах выявлялся абсолютный дефицит Lactobacillus spp.., сниженное количество Enterococcus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., функциональной E. coli, и установлено статистически значимое различие в численности Enterococcus spp. (p = 0,009), Fecalibacterium prausnitzii (р = 0,029), Ruminococcus spp. (р = 0,01), Agathobacter rectalis (р = 0,042). У временно проживающих лиц отмечено повышенное содержание B. thethaiotaomicron (p = 0,005), F. nucleatum (р = 0,039), Bacteroides spp.. (р = 0,048) и сниженное – A. municiphila (р = 0,057). Полученные результаты отражают тенденцию к сокращению содержания в толстой кишке облигатных и увеличению условно-патогенных представителей микробиоты у жителей северных регионов, что соотносится с результатами других исследований.Заключение. Выявлены различия в микробном составе толстой кишки у постоянно и временно проживающих жителей г. Архангельска, который расположен в Арктической зоне РФ. Дополнительное изучение рациона участников исследования позволит проанализировать гипотезу о географических особенностях данного региона и воздействии факторов на количество облигатных представителей микрофлоры: лактобактерий, бифидобактерий, кишечной палочки, энтерококков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. The colon microbiota represents the richest human biotope in its biodiversity. The region of residence, particularly the Arctic zone, takes part in its formation. Currently, there are few studies examining the nature of the intestinal microbiota in individuals exposed to severe climatic conditions in northern regions.Aim. To study the biodiversity of the colon microbiota in permanent and temporary residents of one of the Arctic regions (the city of Arkhangelsk).Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 participants. A PCR study tested feces from 45 permanent and 45 temporary residents, with the reasearch of 33 indicators of microbial composition. The sample included young people from 18 to 45 years old, BMI within normal limits, without acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Data presented in the form of quantitative data (lg CFU/g) and categorical (not detected, normal, less and more than normal). Statistical analysis included the use of Pearson and Mann-Whitney chi-square tests.Results. Study showed common features among all residents of this region – a deficiency of obligate representatives of microflora: lactobacilli, enterococci, a reduced number of bifidobacteria, and functional Escherichia coli. Also, temporary residents had a higher number of B. thethaiotaomicron (p=0.005), Ruminococcus spp. (p = 0.01), F. nucleatum (p = 0.039), F.prausnitzii (p = 0.029), A.rectalis (p=0.042), Bacteroides spp. (p = 0.048), below A.municiphila (p = 0.057), Enterococcus spp. were more often detected (p = 0.008). Moreover, the results are comparable with data from residents of Irkutsk, St. Petersburg and Canadian Inuit, which indicates a tendency towards a decrease in obligate representatives of the microbiota among residents of the northern regions and an increase in opportunistic flora.Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate differences in the microbial composition of the colon in permanent and temporary residents of the city of Arkhangelsk, which belongs to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Additional study of the diet of the subjects will allow us to analyze the hypothesis about the geographical features of this region and the impact of factors on the number of obligate representatives of microflora: lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, E. coli, enterococci.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>толстая кишки</kwd><kwd>Арктика</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>colon</kwd><kwd>Arctic</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lloyd-Price J., Abu-Ali G., Huttenhower C. The healthy human microbiome. Genome Med. 2016. Vol. 8, № 1. 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