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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2025-24-2-66-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-2210</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ И ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND VACCINE PREVENTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка эпидемиологических проявлений туберкулеза и генетического разнообразия штаммов Мycobacterium tuberculosis с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью в Омской области</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of Epidemiological Manifestations of Tuberculosis and Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains with Multiple Drug Resistance in the Omsk Region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-4364</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюкова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyukova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Владимировна Костюкова – заведующая централизованной бактериологической лабораторией</p><p>г. Омск</p><p>+7 (3812) 421-311</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Kostyukova – Head of the Centralized Bacteriological Laboratory</p><p>Omsk</p><p>+7 (3812) 421-311</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.v.yarusova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-8957</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вязовая</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vyazovaya</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Александровна Вязовая – д. б. н., в. н. с. лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и эволюционной генетики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>+7 (812) 644-63-80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Vyazovaya – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Leading researcher Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics</p><p>St Petersburg</p><p>+7 (812) 644-63</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vyazovaya@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1144-5243</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасечник</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasechnik</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксана Александровна Пасечник – д. м. н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой общественного здоровья и здравоохранения</p><p>644074, г. Омск, ул. Конева, 32, кв.32</p><p>+7 (906) 197-41-87</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana A. Pasechnik – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Public Health and Healthcare</p><p>32, apt. 32, Koneva st, Omsk, 644074</p><p>+7 (906) 197-41-87</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">opasechnik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5924-0576</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мокроусов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokrousov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Владиславович Мокроусов – д. б. н., заведующий лабораторией молекулярной эпидемиологии и эволюционной генетики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>+7 (812) 644-63-80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Mokrousov – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head of Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics</p><p>St Petersburg</p><p>+7 (812) 644-63-80</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">imokrousov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>БУЗОО «Областной клинический противотуберкулезный диспансер»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Anti-Tuberculosis Dispensary</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Омский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Костюкова И.В., Вязовая А.А., Пасечник О.А., Мокроусов И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Костюкова И.В., Вязовая А.А., Пасечник О.А., Мокроусов И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kostyukova I.V., Vyazovaya A.A., Pasechnik O.A., Mokrousov I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2210">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2210</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Распространенность туберкулеза с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью (МЛУ-ТБ) представляет серьезную проблему для общественного здравоохранения, препятствующую успешной реализации противотуберкулезных программ в мире.Цель. Оценка эпидемиологических проявлений туберкулеза и молекулярно-генетическая характеристика штаммов Mycobacterium tuberculosis с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью, циркулирующих в Омской области.Материалы и методы. В соответствии с общепринятым алгоритмом описательно-оценочного эпидемиологического исследования анализировалась заболеваемость и распространенность туберкулеза в Омской области в 2009–2023 гг. Материалом для исследования явились сведения форм официального статистического наблюдения. Изучено 595 штаммов M. tuberculosis, выделенных от впервые выявленных Омской области больных ТБ в период с 2019–2022 гг. Культивирование M. tuberculosis, определение лекарственной чувствительности, выделение ДНК проведено стандартными методами. Принадлежность штаммов к генотипу Beijing, его сублиниям и кластерам определяли с помощью ПЦР на основе анализа специфических маркеров. Штаммы non-Beijing сполиготипированы.Результаты. В Омской области динамика заболеваемости населения туберкулезом и его распространенность характеризовались выраженной тенденцией к снижению, достигнув в 2023 г. 43,7 и 66,8 на 100 тыс. населения соответственно. Распространенность МЛУ-ТБ остается значительной (22,6 на 100 тыс. населения), а доля в МЛУ-ТБ среди впервые выявленных больных возросла с 13,1% в 2009 г. до 28,4% в 2023 г. В выборочной совокупности штаммов 40,5% обладали МЛУ, 13,2% – пре-ШЛУ. Генотипирование МЛУ (включая пре-ШЛУ) штаммов M. tuberculosis выявило преобладание генотипа Beijing (86,3%), в частности субтипов: B0/W148 (38,2%), Central-Asian/Russian (34,4%), а также кластеров 1071-32 (10,0%) и 14717-15 (2,1%) древней сублинии. Наиболее многочисленным среди non-Beijing был сполигокластер SIT262 (5,0%) генотипа Ural.Заключение. На фоне значительного снижения распространенности и заболеваемости туберкулезом возросла доля впервые выявленных бактериовыделителей МЛУ штаммов. При этом молекулярно-генетический мониторинг M. tuberculosis выявил ключевую роль штаммов субтипов B0/W148 и Central-Asian/Russian Beijing в распространении МЛУ-ТБ. Полученные результаты демонстрируют распространение штаммов с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью, предоставляя информацию для принятия клинических и управленческих решений в реализации региональных программ борьбы с туберкулезом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis poses a serious public health problem, hampering the success of tuberculosis control programs around the world.Aim: Evaluation of epidemiological manifestations of tuberculosis and molecular genetic characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with multiple drug resistance circulating in the Omsk region.Materials and methods. In accordance with the generally accepted algorithm of descriptive and evaluative epidemiological research, the incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in the Omsk region for the period 2009–2023 were studied. The material for the study was the data from official statistical observation forms. A total of 595 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from newly diagnosed patients with TB in the Omsk region in the period from 2019–2022 were studied. Cultivation of M. tuberculosis, determination of drug susceptibility, and DNA isolation were carried out using standard methods. Belonging of the strains to the Beijing genotype, its sublineages and clusters was determined using PCR based on the analysis of specific markers. Non-Beijing strains are spoligotyped.Results. In the Omsk region, the dynamics of tuberculosis incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis were characterized by a pronounced downward trend, reaching 43,7 and 66,8 per 100 thousand, respectively, in 2023. The prevalence of multidrugresistant tuberculosis remains significant (22,6 cases per 100 thousand population), and the proportion of MDR tuberculosis cases among newly diagnosed patients increased from 13,1% in 2009 to 28,4% in 2023. In the sample set of strains, 40,5% had MDR, 13,2% had pre-XDR. Genotyping of MDR (including pre-XDR) M. tuberculosis strains revealed the prevalence of the Beijing genotype (86.3%), in particular the subtypes: B0/W148 (38,2%), Central-Asian/Russian (34,4%), as well as clusters 1071-32 (10,0%) and 14717-15 (2,1%) of the ancient sublineage. The most numerous among the non-Beijing was the SIT262 spoligocluster (5,0%) of the Ural genotype.Conclusion. Against the background of a significant decrease in the prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis, the proportion of newly identified MDR-TB strains has increased. At the same time, molecular genetic monitoring of M. tuberculosis has revealed the key role of B0/W148 and Central-Asian/Russian Beijing subtype strains in the spread of MDR-TB. The results obtained demonstrate the spread of multidrug-resistant strains, providing information for making clinical and management decisions in the implementation of regional tuberculosis control programs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>множественная лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>генотип</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>multidrug resistance</kwd><kwd>genotype</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dean A.S., Tosas Auguet O., Glaziou P., et al. 25 years of surveillance of drug-resistant tuberculosis: achievements, challenges, and way forward. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022. 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