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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2025-24-3-83-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-2258</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ И ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND VACCINE PREVENTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогностические риск-ориентированные модели развития невынашивания беременности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk-Stratified Predictive Models of Pregnancy Loss</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-2801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширай</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirai</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Владимировна Ширай – начальник отдела, врач-эпидемиолог эпидемиологического отдела</p><p>195427, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Вавиловых, 14</p><p>+7 (931) 213-83-94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Shirai – Head of the Department-Epidemiologist</p><p>4, Vavilov street, Saint Petersburg, 195257</p><p>+7 (931) 213-83-94</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.epidemiolog@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6890-8096</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асланов</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aslanov</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Батырбек Исмелович Асланов – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Batyrbek I. Aslanov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor Head of department Epidemiology, Parasitology and Disinfectology</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">batyra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-7543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рищук</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rishchuk</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Владимирович Рищук – д. м. н., доцент, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии имени С. Н. Давыдова</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Rishchuk – Dr. Sci. (Med.), associate professor, professor of Department Obstetrics and Gynecology named after S.N. Davydov</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.rishchuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8772-3337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Евгеньевна Мельникова – к. м. н., доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии имени С. Н. Давыдова</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana E. Melnikova – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Department Obstetrics and Gynecology named after S.N. Davydov</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fotosmelnikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургское ГБУЗ «Городская больница Cвятой преподобномученицы Елизаветы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Elizabeth City Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ В О «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ширай О.В., Асланов Б.И., Рищук С.В., Мельникова С.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ширай О.В., Асланов Б.И., Рищук С.В., Мельникова С.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shirai O.V., Aslanov B.I., Rishchuk S.V., Melnikova S.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2258">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2258</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Широкая распространенность репродуктивных потерь диктует необходимость разработки прогностических риск-ориентированных моделей развития невынашивания беременности для персонализированной профилактики. Цель. Определить предикторы и разработать прогностические риск-ориентированные модели развития невынашивания беременности.Материалы и методы. Проведено эпидемиологическое исследование «случай-контроль» с участием 282 женщин: 152 женщины с самопроизвольным прерыванием беременности (≤21 неделя гестации) в группе «случай» и 130 женщин с доношенной беременностью в группе «контроль». Использовались аналитический эпидемиологический метод, метод анкетирования, лабораторные и статистические методы.Результаты и обсуждение. В ходе исследования были выявлены статистически значимые предикторы невынашивания беременности, на основании многомерного анализа которых построены две математические модели прогнозирования репродуктивных потерь. Социально-демографические факторы (возраст ≥35 лет (скорректированное ОШ = 11,1; 95 % ДИ:1,46–238; p = 0,043), руководящая должность (ОШ = 8,92; 95 % ДИ:2,93–31,6; p &lt; 0,001). Клинико-анамнестические факторы (аборт по медицинским показаниям в анамнезе (ОШ = 8,07; 95 % ДИ:1,50–55,8; p = 0,021), курение во время беременности (ОШ = 6,06; 95 % ДИ:1,45–33,4; p = 0,022). Микробиологические факторы: выраженный дисбиоз кишечника (ОШ = 9,51; 95 % ДИ:2,37–64,7; p = 0,005). Выявлен протективный эффект нормального индекса массы тела (18,6–25 кг/м2) в отношении вынашивания беременности (ОШ = 0,03; 95 % ДИ: 0,001–0,32; p = 0,008). Построенные модели показали хорошую прогностическую способность, высокую чувствительность и специфичность.Заключение. Разработанные прогностические модели рисков невынашивания беременности, основанные на комплексной оценке социально-демографических, клинических и микробиологических предикторов, демонстрируют высокую специфичность в стратификации риска самопроизвольного прерывания беременности (AUC 0,861 и 0,790). Возможны совершенствование, валидация полученных моделей и дальнейшее их внедрение в медицинскую деятельность.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Given the substantial prevalence of pregnancy loss (20-46 % of conceptions), there is an urgent need to establish risk-prediction models for miscarriage to facilitate targeted preventive interventions.Aim. To identify predictors of miscarriage and to develop prognostic models of miscarriage development based on risk assessment.Materials and methods. We conducted a case-control study involving 282 women: 152 cases of spontaneous pregnancy loss (≤21 weeks gestation) and 130 controls with term deliveries. The assessment protocol included: a standardized 77-item questionnaire, validated Russian version of the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS-R, 31 items). Laboratory analyses comprised: molecular biological methods: quantitative PCR analysis of vaginal microbiota, microbiological assays: oropharyngeal swabs with semi-quantitative microbial growth assessment, fecal bacteriological examination for dysbiosis. Statistical analysis was performed using R software (v4.3.1), incorporating: univariate and multivariate logistic regression, ROC curve analysis (AUC) for model performance evaluation.Results and discussion. Multivariate analysis identified statistically significant predictors of pregnancy loss, enabling development of two predictive mathematical models with strong discriminatory capacity. Key risk factors included: socio-demographic predictors (maternal age ≥35 years (aOR = 11.1; 95 %CI:1.46–238; p = 0.043), leadership occupation (OR = 8.92; 95 %CI:2.93–31.6; p &lt; 0.001). Protective factor: normal body mass index (18.6–25 kg/m2; OR = 0.03; 95 % CI:0.001–0.32; p = 0.008). Clinical-anamnestic factors: medically indicated abortion history (OR = 8.07; 95 % CI:1.50–55.8; p = 0.021), smoking during pregnancy (OR = 6.06; 95 % CI:1.45–33.4; p = 0.022). Microbiological markers: severe intestinal dysbiosis (OR = 9.51; 95 % CI:2.37–64.7; p = 0.005). The developed models demonstrated excellent predictive performance, with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC 0.86 and 0.79).Conclusion. The developed pregnancy loss risk prediction models, incorporating comprehensive socio-demographic, clinical, and microbiological predictors, demonstrate high specificity for spontaneous abortion risk stratification (AUC 0.861 and 0.790). These models show potential for refinement, validation, and eventual clinical implementation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прогностические</kwd><kwd>предиктивные модели</kwd><kwd>невынашивание беременности</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prognostic</kwd><kwd>predictive models</kwd><kwd>miscarriage</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Smeden M., Reitsma J.B., Riley R.D., et al. Clinical prediction models: diagnosis versus prognosis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021. Vol. 132. P. 142–145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Smeden M, Reitsma JB, Riley RD, et al. Clinical prediction models: diagnosis versus prognosis. 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