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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2025-24-6-57-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-2340</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ И ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND VACCINE PREVENTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитие резистентности ВИЧ-1 у пациентов с неэффективностью антиретровирусной терапии в Республике Узбекистан</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of HIV-1 Resistance Patients Failing Antiretroviral Therapy in the Republic of Uzbekistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2436-6508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юлдашев</surname><given-names>Т-М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuldashev</surname><given-names>T.M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Темур-Малик Кахраманович Юлдашев – врач-лаборант </p><p>Ташкент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Temur-Malik Kahramanovich Yuldashev – Laboratory Physician</p><p>Tashkent</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">temurmalik.yuldashev91@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9858-0974</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Умиров</surname><given-names>С. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Umirov</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафар Эргашевич Умиров – доцент курса «Проблемы ВИЧ-инфекции» при кафедре эпидемиологии </p><p>Ташкент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Safar Ergashevich Umirov – Associate Professor, HIV Infection Problems Course, Department of Epidemiology</p><p>Tashkent</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">safarumirov11@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9494-7922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юлдашев</surname><given-names>К. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuldashev</surname><given-names>K. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кахрамон Холдарович Юлдашев – заведующий курсом «Проблемы ВИЧ-инфекции» при кафедре эпидемиологии </p><p>Ташкент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kakhramon Kholdarovich Yuldashev – Head of the HIV Infection Problems Course at the Epidemiology Department </p><p>Tashkent</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kakhramon.yuldashev5924@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1507-485X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Павловна Осипова – младший научный сотрудник отдела ретровирусов</p><p>Новосибирская область, Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Pavlovna Osipova – Junior Researcher, Retrovirus Department, State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology</p><p>Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osipova_ip@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9052-6427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабошко</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baboshko</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Алексеевич Бабошко – младший научный сотрудник отдела ретровирусов</p><p>Новосибирская область, Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry Alekseevich Baboshko – Junior Researcher, Retrovirus Department, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology</p><p>Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baboshko_da@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0465-1260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Екушов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ekushov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Евгеньевич Екушов – научный сотрудник отдела ретровирусов </p><p>Новосибирская область, Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily Evgenievich Ekushov – Researcher, Retrovirus Department, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology</p><p>Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekushov_ve@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7418-4872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотменин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Totmenin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Владимирович Тотменин – к. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник отдела ретровирусов</p><p>Новосибирская область, Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey Vladimirovich Totmenin – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Retrovirus Department</p><p>Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">totmenin@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-0880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гашникова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gashnikova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Матвеевна Гашникова – к. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник отдела ретровирусов, и.о. заведующего отделом ретровирусов</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово</p><p>+7 (913) 940-54-79</p><p>факс +7 (383) 363-47-14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gashnikova Natlya M., Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Department of Retroviruses</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559</p><p>+7 (913) 940-54-79</p><p>fax: +7 (383) 363-47-14</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ngash@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский центр по борьбе со СПИД</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican center on struggle with AIDS</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр развития профессиональной квалификации медицинских работников министерства здравоохранения Республики Узбекистан</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for the development of professional qualification of medical workers Republic of Uzbekistan</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юлдашев Т.К., Умиров С.Э., Юлдашев К.Х., Осипова И.П., Бабошко Д.А., Екушов В.Е., Тотменин А.В., Гашникова Н.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юлдашев Т.К., Умиров С.Э., Юлдашев К.Х., Осипова И.П., Бабошко Д.А., Екушов В.Е., Тотменин А.В., Гашникова Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yuldashev T.K., Umirov S.E., Yuldashev K.K., Osipova I.P., Baboshko D.A., Ekushov V.E., Totmenin A.V., Gashnikova N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2340">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/2340</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В Республике Узбекистан реализуется Национальная программа по борьбе с распространением ВИЧ, расширяется охват антиретровирусной терапией (АРТ) ВИЧ-инфицированных жителей, впервые в Республиканском Центре по борьбе со СПИД в клиническую практику внедряется анализ резистентности ВИЧ.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить распространенность среди жителей Узбекистана с неуспешной терапией ВИЧ-инфекции ВИЧ-1 с мутациями резистентности к антиретровирусным препаратам.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнен анализ развития резистентности ВИЧ-1 у 194 ВИЧ-инфицированных жителей Узбекистана с вирусологической неэффективностью лечения. Нуклеотидные последовательности области гена pol, кодирующей протеазу и обратную транскриптазу ВИЧ-1, получали секвенированием амплифицированных фрагментов вируса. Мутационный анализ проводили с использованием специализированного программного ресурса.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В 42,3 % образцов периферической крови, отобранных у инфицированных ВИЧ-1, у вируса не обнаружено мутаций резистентности, что указывает на низкую приверженность пациентов к лечению или скрытый отказ от терапии. Мутации резистентности ВИЧ-1 обнаружены в 112 из 194 образцов (57,7%); резистентность вируса к двум классам препаратов найдена в 59,8 % образцов, к трем классам – в 3,6 %. Из 112 пациентов 66 имели концентрацию РНК ВИЧ-1 в крови, превышающую 50 000 копий РНК/мл, а выделенные у них вирусы обладали средним и высоким уровнем резистентности к препаратам АРТ, что создает предпосылки для распространения резистентных вирусов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Внедрение анализа резистентности ВИЧ-1 в клиническую практику является важнейшим мероприятием комплексной программы противодействия эпидемии, направленным на решение проблемы формирования и распространения в стране лекарственно устойчивых штаммов ВИЧ-1.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The Republic of Uzbekistan is implementing a national programme to prevent the spread of HIV and expand treatment coverage for HIV-infected residents, HIV resistance testing is being introduced into clinical practice for the first time at the Republican AIDS Centre.</p><p>The aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of HIV-1 mutations associated with viral resistance to antiretroviral drugs among residents who have failed therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. HIV-1 resistance development was performed for 194 patients with registered virological treatment failure. The nucleotide sequences of the pol gene encoding HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase were obtained by sequencing amplified fragments of the virus. Mutational analysis was performed using specialized software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In 42.3% of cases HIV-1 did not have any resistance mutations, which indicates low patient adherence to treatment or covert rejection of therapy. HIV-1 resistance mutations were detected in 112 of the 194 samples (57.7%); mutations to two classes of drugs were found in 59.8% of cases, in 3.6% to three classes. Of the 112 patients 66 had HIV RNA concentrations in their blood exceeding 50,000 copies/ml, and the viruses isolated from them had medium and high levels of resistance to ART drugs, which creates the conditions for the transmission of resistant viruses.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The introduction of HIV resistance testing into clinical practice is a key measure in the comprehensive program to combat the epidemic, aimed at resolving the problem of the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains of HIV-1 in the country.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-1</kwd><kwd>мутации лекарственной устойчивости ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>приобретенная резистентность ВИЧ-1</kwd><kwd>приверженность к АРТ</kwd><kwd>Республика Узбекистан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV-1</kwd><kwd>HIV drug resistance mutations</kwd><kwd>acquired HIV-1 resistance</kwd><kwd>ART adherence</kwd><kwd>Republic of Uzbekistan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global AIDS Strategy 2021–2026 // UNAIDS. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2021. P. 164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global AIDS Strategy 2021–2026. UNAIDS. 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