<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2016-15-5-52-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-361</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый подход к диагностике Varicella Zoster-вирусной инфекции с использованием ПЦР в режиме реального времени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New Approach for Diagnostics of VZV Infection by Using Real-Time PCR</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фам</surname><given-names>Х. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pham</surname><given-names>H. Ph.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sashasidorov@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милованова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milovanova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисаков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisakov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагиева</surname><given-names>Ф. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagieva</surname><given-names>F. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алаторцева</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alatortceva</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свитич</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svitich</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasanova</surname><given-names>A. C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавров</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrov</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фам Х.Ф., Сидоров А.В., Милованова А.В., Антонова Т.П., Лисаков А.Н., Нагиева Ф.Г., Алаторцева Г.И., Свитич О.А., Казанова А.С., Лавров В.Ф., Зверев В.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фам Х.Ф., Сидоров А.В., Милованова А.В., Антонова Т.П., Лисаков А.Н., Нагиева Ф.Г., Алаторцева Г.И., Свитич О.А., Казанова А.С., Лавров В.Ф., Зверев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pham H.P., Sidorov A.V., Milovanova A.V., Antonova T.P., Lisakov A.N., Nagieva F.G., Alatortceva G.I., Svitich O.A., Kasanova A.C., Lavrov V.F., Zverev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/361">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/361</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью настоящей работы являлась проверка возможности использования метода полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени (ПЦР-РВ) для определения ДНК вируса Varicella Zoster в образцах периферической крови человека. Для этого исследовали образцы от двух групп пациентов, в результате чего вирусная ДНК была обнаружена в крови 48% больных опоясывающим герпесом и лишь у 4% представителей контрольной группы - практически здоровых доноров, у которых симптомы опоясывающего герпеса отсутствовали. Результаты ПЦР-РВ анализировали путём сравнения данных, полученных от клинических образцов, с калибровочными кривыми стандартных разведений контрольного положительного образца, в качестве которого использовали вирусную ДНК, выделенную из вакцинного препарата Varilrix. В реакциях ПЦР-РВ для амплификации были выбраны два различных фрагмента генома вирусной ДНК, при этом была установлена зависимость получаемых результатов от выбранного для амплификации фрагмента (ОРС 29 или ОРС 38). Как итог, была экспериментально подтверждена возможность использования ПЦР-РВ в качестве молекулярно-биологического метода лабораторной диагностики VZV-инфекции, включая атипичные и субклинические формы заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical picture of diseases caused by VZV in immunocompromised patients is often differed from healthy people and has no visible skin damage. Diagnostics in such cases is difficult but it is important to find out real reason of health deterioration for assignment the treatment. That explains usefulness of molecular methods in diagnostics of VZV-infection. So the goal of this study was checking out usefulness of diagnostics based on detection viral DNA in clinical samples by real-time PCR method. We used pools of peripheral blood samples from sick and healthy patients as clinical materials for analysis and Varilrix vaccine sample as a source of positive control viral DNA. Main methods used here were DNA extraction and real-time PCR in the version of TaqMan probes; amplification reactions were made in triplicates for each sample with standard deviation of threshold cycles less than 1.5%. Amplification results of clinical samples from patients were analyzed by comparison with the results from positive control viral DNA. Final resulting figures were slightly varied and dependent on selected for amplification VZV genome fragment (orf 29 or orf 38), and viral DNA had been detected in 48% of sick patients and only in 4% of practically healthy donors without zoster symptoms. Concluding, we approved the possibility of use real-time PCR as a molecular method for laboratory diagnostics VZV-infection including atypical and subclinical disease forms. One of the advantage of the method described is the possibility of DNA detection straight from blood samples (without extra purification steps such as preparation mononuclear cell fraction from blood samples), therefore this approach can accelerate and simplify diagnostic procedure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Varicella Zoster Virus</kwd><kwd>VZV-инфекция</kwd><kwd>ветряная оспа</kwd><kwd>опоясывающий герпес</kwd><kwd>вирусная ДНК</kwd><kwd>ПЦР в режиме реального времени</kwd><kwd>молекулярная диагностика</kwd><kwd>Varicella Zoster Virus</kwd><kwd>VZV-infection</kwd><kwd>chickenpox</kwd><kwd>herpes zoster</kwd><kwd>viral DNA</kwd><kwd>real-time PCR</kwd><kwd>molecular diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reynolds M.A., Kruszon-Moran D., Jumaan A., Schmid D.S., McQuillan G.M. Varicella seroprevalence in the U.S.: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 - 2004. Public Health Rep. 2010, 125 (6): 860 - 869.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reynolds M.A., Kruszon-Moran D., Jumaan A., Schmid D.S., McQuillan G.M. Varicella seroprevalence in the U.S.: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 – 2004. Public Health Rep. 2010, 125 (6): 860 – 869.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лавров В.Ф., Казанова А.С., Кузин С.Н., Дубоделов Д.В. Ветряная оспа и опоясывающий лишай: особенности заболеваемости и клинических проявлений. Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. Актуальные вопросы. 2011, 3: 54 - 60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lavrov V.F., Kazanova A.S., Kuzin S.N., Dubodelov D.V. Varicella and herpes zoster: morbidity and clinical manifestations. Jepidemiologija i infekcionnye bolezni. Aktual’nye voprosy. [Epidemiol. Infect. Dis. Curr. Items]. Moscow. 2011; 3:  54 – 60 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eshleman E., Shahzad A., Cohrs R.J. Varicella zoster virus latency. Future Virol. 2011; 6 (3): 341 - 355.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E., Shahzad A., Cohrs R.J. Varicella zoster virus latency. Future Virol. 2011; 6 (3): 341 – 355.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilden D.H., Gesser R., Smith J., Wellish M., Laquardia J.J., Cohrs R.J., Mahalinqam R. Presence of VZV and HSV-1 DNA in human nodose and celiac ganglia. Virus Genes. 2001, 23 (2): 145 - 147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilden D.H., Gesser R., Smith J., Wellish M., Laquardia J.J., Cohrs R.J., Mahalinqam R. Presence of VZV and HSV-1 DNA in human nodose and celiac ganglia. Virus Genes. 2001, 23 (2): 145 – 147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казанова А.С., Лавров В.Ф., Зверев В.В. Вирус Varicella Zoster и заболевания сосудов центральной нервной системы. Журн. микробиол. 2015; 3: 106 - 116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazanova A.S., Lavrov V.F., Zverev V.V. Varicella Zoster virus and diseases of central nervous system vessels. Zhurnal mikrobiologii. [Journal of microbiology]. Moscow. 2015; 3: 106 – 116 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amlie-Lefond C., Jubelt B. Neurologic manifestations of Varicella Zoster virus infections. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 2009; 9 (6): 430 - 434.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amlie-Lefond C., Jubelt B. Neurologic manifestations of Varicella Zoster virus infections. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 2009; 9 (6): 430 – 434.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilden D., Cohrs R.J., Mahalingam R., Nagel M.A. Neurological disease produced by varicella zoster virus reactivation without rash. Curr. Top Microbiol. Immunol. 2010, 342: 243 - 253.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilden D., Cohrs R.J., Mahalingam R., Nagel M.A. Neurological disease produced by varicella zoster virus reactivation without rash. Curr. Top Microbiol. Immunol. 2010, 342: 243 – 253.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilden D.H., Dueland A.N., Devlin M.E., Mahalingam R., Cohrs R. Varicella-zoster virus reactivation without rash. J. Infect. Dis. 1992; 166 (Suppl. 1): 30 - 34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilden D.H., Dueland A.N., Devlin M.E., Mahalingam R., Cohrs R. Varicella-zoster virus reactivation without rash. J. Infect. Dis. 1992; 166 (Suppl. 1): 30 – 34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казанова А.С., Лавров В.Ф., Кузин С.Н., Эбралидзе Л.К., Ведунова С.Л., Малышев Н.А.и др. Сравнительная оценка эффективности традиционного серологического и модифицированного методов лабораторной диагностики опоясывающего герпеса. Журн. микробиол. 2013; 2: 83 - 90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazanova A.S., Lavrov V.F., Kuzin S.N., Ebralidze L.K., Vedunova S.L., Malyshev N.A. et al. Comparative evaluation of effectiveness of traditional serologic and modified methods of herpes zoster laboratory diagnostics. Zhurnal mikrobiologii [Journal of microbiology]. Moscow. 2013; 2: 83 – 90 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фам Х.Ф., Боровикова Е.А., Сидоров А.В., Каратаева А.В., Антонова Т.П., Зверев В.В. Возможность использования двухступенчатой полимеразной цепной реакции в диагностике заболеваний, вызываемых вирусом VaricellaZoster. Журн. микробиол. 2015, 3: 25 - 30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fam H.Ph., Borovikova E.A., Sidorov A.V., Karataeva A.V., Antonova T.P., Zverev V.V. Possibility of using nested polymerase chain reaction for diagnostics of diseases caused by Varicella Zoster Virus. Zhurnal mikrobiologii [Journal of  microbiology]. Moscow. 2015, 3: 25 – 30 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маниатис Т., Фрич Э., Сэмбрук Дж. Методы генетической инженерии. Молекулярное клонирование. Москва: Мир. 1984: 402 - 407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E., J. Sambrook. Methods of genetic engineering. Molecular cloning. Moscow: Mir. 1984: 402 – 407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алаторцева Г.И., Сидоров А.В., Нестеренко Л.Н., Лухверчик Л.Н., Амиантова И.И., Доценко В.В. и др. Получение рекомбинантного аналога гликопротеина Е вируса Varicella Zoster: клонирование, экспрессия и исследование антигенных свойств. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2016; 15 (1): 77 - 86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alatortseva G.I., Sidorov A.V., Nesterenko L.N., Luhverchik L.N., Amiantova I.I., Docenko V.V. et al. Recombinant Analogue of Varicella Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E: Cloning, Expression and Studying of Antigen Properties. Zh. Epidemiol. Vac. Prevent. (Moscow). 2016, 15(1): 77-86 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Depledge D.P., Palser A.L.,Watson S.J., Yi-Chun LaiI, Gray E.R., Grant P. et al. Specific capture and whole-genome sequencing of viruses from clinical samples. PloS One 2011; 6 (11): e27805.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Depledge D.P., Palser A.L.,Watson S.J., Yi-Chun LaiI., Gray E.R., Grant P. et al. Specific capture and whole-genome sequencing of viruses from clinical samples. PloS One 2011; 6 (11): e27805.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watzinger F., Suda M., Preuner S., Baumgartiner R., Ebner K., Baskova L. et al. Real-time quantitative PCR assays for detection and monitoring of pathogenic human viruses in immunosuppressed pediatric patients J. Clin. Mircrobiol. 2004, 42 (11): 5189 - 5198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watzinger F., Suda M., Preuner S., Baumgartiner R., Ebner K., Baskova L. et al. Real-time quantitative PCR assays for detection and monitoring of pathogenic human viruses in immunosuppressed pediatric patients J. Clin. Mircrobiol. 2004, 42 (11): 5189 – 5198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dean F.B., Hosono S., Fang L., Wu X., Faruqi A.F., Bray-Ward P. et al. Comprehensive Human Genome Amplification Using Multiple Displacement Amplification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2002; 99 (8): 5261 - 5266.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dean F.B., Hosono S., Fang L., Wu X., Faruqi A.F., Bray-Ward P. et al. Comprehensive Human Genome Amplification Using Multiple Displacement Amplification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2002; 99 (8): 5261 – 5266.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tyler S.D., Peters G.A., Grose C., Severini A., Gray M.J., Upton C. et al. Genomic cartography of varicella-zoster virus: a complete genome-based analysis of strain variability with implications for attenuation and phenotypic differences. Virology. 2007, 359: 447 - 458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tyler S.D., Peters G.A., Grose C., Severini A., Gray M.J., Upton C. et al. Genomic cartography of varicella-zoster virus: a complete genome-based analysis of strain variability with implications for attenuation and phenotypic differences. Virology. 2007, 359: 447 – 458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loparev V.N., Gonzalez A., Deleon-Carnes M., Tipples G., Fickenscher H., Torfason E.G. et al. Global identification of three major genotypes of varicella-zoster virus: longitudinal clustering and strategies for genotyping. J. Virol. 2004, 78: 8349 - 8358.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loparev V.N., Gonzalez A., Deleon-Carnes M., Tipples G., Fickenscher H., Torfason E.G. et al. Global identification of three major genotypes of varicella-zoster virus: longitudinal clustering and strategies for genotyping. J. Virol. 2004,  78: 8349 – 8358.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozaki T., Ichikawa T., Matsui Y., Kondo H., Nagai T., Asano Y. et al. Lymphocyte-associated viremia in varicella. J. Med. Virol. 1986; 19: 249 - 253.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozaki T., Ichikawa T., Matsui Y., Kondo H., Nagai T., Asano Y. et al. Lymphocyte-associated viremia in varicella. J. Med. Virol. 1986; 19: 249 – 253.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asano Y., Itakura N., Kajita Y., Suga S., Yoshikawa T., Yazaki T. et al. Severity of viremia and clinical findings in children with varicella. J. Infect. Dis. 1990, 161 (6): 1095 - 1098.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asano Y., Itakura N., Kajita Y., Suga S., Yoshikawa T., Yazaki T. et al. Severity of viremia and clinical findings in children with varicella. J. Infect. Dis. 1990, 161 (6): 1095 – 1098.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koropchak C.M., Solem S.M., Diaz P.S., Arvin A.M. Investigation of varicella-zoster virus infection of lymphocytes by in situ hybridization. J. Virol. 1989, 63: 2392-2395.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koropchak C.M., Solem S.M., Diaz P.S., Arvin A.M. Investigation of varicella-zoster virus infection of lymphocytes by in situ hybridization. J. Virol. 1989, 63: 2392-2395.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koropchak C.M., Graham G., Palmer J., Winsberg M., Ting S.F., Wallace M. et al. Investigation of varicella-zoster virus infection by polymerase chain reaction in the immunocompetent host with acute varicella. J. Infect. Dis. 1991; 163: 1016 - 1022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koropchak C.M., Graham G., Palmer J., Winsberg M., Ting S.F., Wallace M. et al. Investigation of varicella-zoster virus infection by polymerase chain reaction in the immunocompetent host with acute varicella. J. Infect. Dis. 1991; 163: 1016 – 1022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelley R., Mancao M., Lee F., Sawyer M., Nahmias A., Nesheim S. Varicella in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. J. Pediatr. 1994; 124 (2): 271 - 273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelley R., Mancao M., Lee F., Sawyer M., Nahmias A., Nesheim S. Varicella in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. J. Pediatr. 1994; 124 (2): 271 – 273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schott G.D. Triggering of delayed-onset postherpetic neuralgia. Lancet 1998; 351: 419 - 420.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schott G.D. Triggering of delayed-onset postherpetic neuralgia. Lancet 1998; 351: 419 – 420.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amlie-Lefond C., Mackin G.A., Ferguson M., Wright R.R., Mahalingam R., Gilden D.H. Another case of virologically confirmed zoster sine herpete, with electrophysiologic correlation. J. Neurovirol. 1996; 2: 136 - 138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amlie-Lefond C., Mackin G.A., Ferguson M., Wright R.R., Mahalingam R., Gilden D.H. Another case of virologically confirmed zoster sine herpete, with electrophysiologic correlation. J. Neurovirol. 1996; 2: 136 – 138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
