epidemiologyЭпидемиология и ВакцинопрофилактикаEpidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention2073-30462619-0494«Numicom» LLC10.31631/2073-3046-2015-14-3-23-30epidemiology-53Research ArticleЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯEPIDEMIOLOGYЭволюция и изменчивость вируса гепатита С и особенности современной лабораторной диагностики маркеров гепатита СEvolution and Diversity of Hepatitis C Virus and Peculiarity of Modern Laboratory Diagnostic of Hepatitis C MarkersНиколаеваЛ. И.NikolaevaL. I.L.I.Nikolaeva@mail.ruЛейбманЕ. А.LeybmanE. A.noemail@neicon.ruСапроновГ. В.SapronovG. V.noemail@neicon.ruФГБУ «Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава РоссииРоссияFederal Budgetary State Istablishment «Federal State Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named by N.F. Gamaley» of the Russian Ministry of HealthcareRussian FederationФГБУ «Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России,ГБОУ ДПО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияFederal Budgetary State Istablishment «Federal State Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named by N.F. Gamaley» of the Russian Ministry of Healthcare, State Educational Institute of Higher Professional Training of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation «Russian National Research Medical University named by N.I. Pirogov»Russian FederationРоссийская медицинская академия последипломного образованияРоссияState Budgetary Educational Institution for Additional Higher Professional Training «Russian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education»Russian Federation2015200620151432330Copyright © Николаева Л.И., Лейбман Е.А., Сапронов Г.В., 20152015Николаева Л.И., Лейбман Е.А., Сапронов Г.В.Nikolaeva L.I., Leybman E.A., Sapronov G.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/53

Вирус гепатита С (ВГС), идентифицированный в 1989 -1990 годах, был включен в новый род Hepacivirus семейства Flaviviridae. Из-за генетической гетерогенности классификацию изолятов ВГС было решено проводить по последовательности нуклеотидов в определенной зоне генома на генотипы и субтипы. Было установлено, что вирус поражает только человека и шимпанзе. Современные молекулярно-эпидемиологические данные, полученные после 2000 года, свидетельствуют о моноцентричном происхождении ВГС из Африки, вероятнее всего - из центральной части. Очевидно, в Африке сформировались условия для проникновения вируса от неизвестного млекопитающего, не относящегося к приматам, к человеку. К настоящему моменту обнаружены родственные вирусы у домашних и диких животных: собак, лошадей, летучих мышей и грызунов. Наиболее распространенная гипотеза происхождения ВГС - от неустановленного пока вируса рода Hepacivirus, который не поражает приматов, поэтому его включают в группу неприматных гепацивирусов (NPHV). В прошлом веке в нашей стране возник межгенотипный рекомбинант вируса - RF_2k/1b. Изменчивость ВГС на современном этапе характеризуется появлением серологически слабовыраженных форм вируса. На фоне противовирусной терапии могут накапливаться и распространяться устойчивые к лекарственным препаратам варианты ВГС.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which was identified in 1989 - 1990. Later it was included in new genus Hepacivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Due the genetic heterogeneity of HCV, viral isolates was decided to classificate on genotypes and sybtypes in accordance with the sequence of nucleotides in a certain area of the genome. It was discover that the virus infect only human and chimpanzee. Modern molecular epidemiological data, obtained after 2000, indicate monocentric origin of HCV from Africa, most likely from the central part. Probably, in Africa the conditions for feeling HCV-like virus from unknown non-primate mammal to human were formed. Recently HCV-like viruses were found in dogs, horses, bars, and rodents. The most common hypothesis of the HCV origin base on unknown virus, which is belong to genus Hepacivirus and does not infect human-like primate. The virus is included into group of nonprimate hepacivirus (NPHV). In last centure in our country viral intergenotype recombinant RF_2k/1b was appeared. In modern time HCV diversity can appeared as serology poor displayed forms of the virus. Drug-resistant variants of HCV can accumulate and disseminate again the background of antiviral therapy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.