<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-4-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-553</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-эпидемиологические особенности новых полиэтиологичных вирусных инфекций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and Epidemiological Features of New Polyethiologic Viral Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкарин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkarin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вячеслав Васильевич Шкарин – член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор-консультант кафедры эпидемиологии, микробиологии и доказательной медицины</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav V. Shkarin – corresponding member. RAS, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), professor-consultant of the Department of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Evidence-Based Medicine</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shkarin-v@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалишена</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalyshen</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Васильевна Ковалишена – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой эпидемиологии, микробиологии и доказательной медицины и заместитель директора по науке НИИ профилактической медицины НижГМА, исполнительный директор НП «НАСКИ»</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Kovalyshena – Dr. of Sci., prof. Head of the Department of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Evidence Medicine and Deputy Director for Science of the Research Institute of Preventive Medicine NizhGMA, Executive Director of NP «NASKI»</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalishena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чанышева</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chanysheva</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Римма Фанильевна Чанышева – кандидат медицинских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры эпидемиологии, микробиологии и доказательной медицины</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rimma F. Chanysheva – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Lecturer Department of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Evidence-Based Medicine</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rimma27@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анжелика Вячеславовна Сергеева – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры эпидемиологии, микробиологии и доказательной медицины</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anzhelika V. Sergeeva – Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor of the Department of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Evidence-Based Medicine</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergeevaav2013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рассохина</surname><given-names>O. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rassokhin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Алексеевна Рассохина – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры эпидемиологии, микробиологии и доказательной медицины</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Rassokhina – Cand. Sci. (Med.),, associate professor of the Department of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Evidence-Based Medicine</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tschubukowa.olga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБ ОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhskiy Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шкарин В.В., Ковалишена О.В., Чанышева Р.Ф., Сергеева А.В., Рассохина O.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шкарин В.В., Ковалишена О.В., Чанышева Р.Ф., Сергеева А.В., Рассохина O.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shkarin V.V., Kovalyshen O.V., Chanysheva R.F., Sergeeva A.V., Rassokhin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/553">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/553</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье обобщены и систематизированы научные данные о возбудителях новых респираторных инфекций, открытых в начале XXI века – метапневмо(HMPV), бока(НBoV) и коронавирусах (HCoV). Описаны некоторые эпидемиологические аспекты данных инфекций, в том числе особенности их сочетанных форм. Выделены группы микроорганизмов, с которыми они выступают в качестве ассоциантов: HMPV с респираторно-синцитиальными, рино-, адено-, коронавирусами; НBoV с рино-, респираторно-синцитиальными, рота-, норовирусами; HCoV с вирусами гриппа, аденои респираторно-синцитиальный вирусами, а также с некоторыми бактериями: HMPV с S. pneumoniae, H .influenzae тип b; НBoV с S .enteritidis, C. jejune; HCoV с M. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae. Проанализированы клинико-эпидемиологические особенности сочетанных форм инфекций: преобладание среднетяжелого течения, риск развития осложнений, групп риска (дети раннего возраста), сезонность (осенне–зимняя). Установлена сложность верификации данных инфекций от других вирусных инфекций на основе клинической картины.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review article summarizes and systematizes scientific data on the pathogens of new respiratory infections discovered in the early XXI century – Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), Human bocavirus (HBoV), Human coronavirus (HCoV). Groups of microorganisms with which they act as associates are identified: other viruses (HMPV – HRSV, Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, HCoV; НBoV– Rhinovirus, HRSV, Rotavirus, Norovirus; HCoV – Influenza virus, Adenovirus and HRSV), and also some bacteria (HMPV – S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type b; НBoV – S. enteritidis, C. jejune; HCoV – M. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae). The clinical and epidemiological features of combined forms of infections are analyzed: predominance of moderate course, with risk of complications, risk groups (young children), seasonality (autumn-winter). The complexity of verification of these infections from other viral infections based on the clinical picture is established.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>респираторные инфекции</kwd><kwd>сочетанные инфекции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>respiratory infections</kwd><kwd>combined infections</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малеев В. В. Проблемы инфекционной патологии на современном этапе. Инфекционные болезни. 2015; 13 (2): 5–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maleev V. V. Problems of infectious pathology at the present stage. Infektsionnyye bolezni. [Infectious diseases]. 2015; 13 (2): 5–9 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шкарин В. В., Ковалишена О. В. Новые инфекции: систематизация, проблемы, перспективы. Нижний Новгород: Издательство НГМА; 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shkarin V. V., Kovalishena O. V. New infections: systematization, problems, prospects. Nizhny Novgorod: NGMA; 2012 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калюжин О. В. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции: современные вызовы, противовирусный ответ, иммунопрофилактика и иммунотерапия. Москва: МИА; 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalyuzhin O. V. Acute respiratory viral infections: current challenges, antiviral response, immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy. Moscow: MIA; 2014 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mullins J. A., Erdman D. D., Weinberg G. A., Edwards K., Hall C. B., Walker F. J. et al. Human metapneumovirus infection among children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2004; 10: 700–705.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mullins J. A., Erdman D. D., Weinberg G. A., Edwards K., Hall C. B., Walker F. J. et al. Human metapneumovirus infection among children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2004; 10: 700–705.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кондратьева Т. Ю., Яцышина С. Б., Демченко Е. А., Горелов А. В., Шипулин Г. А., Малеев В. В. и др. Первый опыт изучения метапневмовирусной инфекции. Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. 2007; 1: 21–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondratyeva T. Yu., Yatsyshina S. B., Demchenko E. A., Gorelov A. V., Shipulin G. A., Maleyev V. V. et al. First experience of studying metapneumovirus infection. Epidemiologiya i infektsionnyye bolezni. [Epidemiology and infectious diseases]. 2007; 1: 21–23 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алимов А. В., Поляков В. С., Слободенюк А. В., Маркарян А. Ю., Прокопьева Э. Р., Вялых И. В. Особенности этиологической структуры респираторных заболеваний в эпидсезон 2006–2017 гг. Материалы XI съезда Всероссийского научно-практического общества эпидемиологов, микробиологов и паразитологов. Москва; 2017: 260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alimov A. V., Polyakov V. S., Slobodenyuk A. V., Markaryan A. Yu., Prokopyeva E. R., Vyalykh I. V. Features of etiological structure of respiratory diseases in epidemic seasons of 2006–2017. Materialy XI syezda Vserossiyskogo nauchno-prakticheskogo obshchestva epidemiologov. mikrobiologov i parazitologov. [Proceedings of the XI Congress of the All-Russian society epidemiologists, microbiologists and parasitologists]. Moscow; 2017: 260 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малова И. А., Баранова И. П. Метапневмовирусная и бокавирусная инфекция у госпитализированных больных в эпидсезоны 2011–2014 гг. Медицинские науки. Клиническая медицина. 2015; 2 (34): 81–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malova I. A., Baranova I. P. Metapneumovirus and bocavirus infection in hospitalized patients in epidemic seasons 2011–2014. Meditsinskiye nauki. Klinicheskaya meditsina. [Medical science. Clinical medicine]. 2015; 2 (34): 81–92 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеева А. В., Послова Л. Ю. Распространенность острых респираторных вирусных инфекций в многопрофильном детском стационаре. Сборник трудов VIII Всероссийской НПК с международным участием «Молекулярная диагностика». Москва; 2014; 1: 342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeeva A. V., Poslova L. Yu. The prevalence of acute respiratory viral infections in a multidisciplinary children’s hospital. Sbornik trudov VIII Vserossiyskoy NPK s mezhdunarodnym uchastiyem «Molekulyarnaya diagnostika». [Proceedings of the VIII All-Russian NPK with international participation «Molecular diagnostics»]. Moscow; 2014; 1: 342 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеева Е. И., Иванова Е. В., Швалов А. Н., Терновой В. А., Михеев В. Н., Агафонов А. П. и др. Структура заболеваемости респираторными вирусными инфекциями в г. Новосибирске и Новосибирской области в эпидемический сезон 2011–2012 гг. Вестник РАМН. 2013; 6: 21–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeeva E. I., Ivanova E. V., Shvalov A. N., Ternovoy V. A., Mikheev V. N. Agafonov A. P. et al. Structure of incidence of respiratory viral infections in Novosibirsk and Novosibirsk region in the epidemic season 2011–2012. Vestnik RAMN. [Bulletin of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences]. 2013; 6: 21–25 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams J.V., Crowe Jr. J.E., Enriquez R., Minton P., Stokes Peebles Jr. R., Hamilton R.G. et al. Human metapneumovirus infection plays an etiologic role in acute asthma exacerbations requiring hospitalization in adults. J. Infect. Dis. 2005; 192: 1149–1153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams J.V., Crowe Jr. J.E., Enriquez R., Minton P., Stokes Peebles Jr. R., Hamilton R.G. et al. Human metapneumovirus infection plays an etiologic role in acute asthma exacerbations requiring hospitalization in adults. J. Infect. Dis. 2005; 192: 1149–1153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams J.V. Human metapneumovirus: an important cause of respiratory disease in children and adults. Curr. Infect. Dis. 2005; 7: 204–210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams J.V. Human metapneumovirus: an important cause of respiratory disease in children and adults. Curr. Infect. Dis. 2005; 7: 204–210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xepapadaki P., Psarras S., Bossios A., Tsolia M., Gourgiotis D., Liapi-Adamidou G. et al. Human metapneumovirus as a causative agent of acute bronchiolitis in infants. Clin. Virol. 2004; 30: 267–270.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xepapadaki P., Psarras S., Bossios A., Tsolia M., Gourgiotis D., Liapi-Adamidou G. et al. Human metapneumovirus as a causative agent of acute bronchiolitis in infants. Clin. Virol. 2004; 30: 267–270.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блан Ю. Б., Старикович М. В. Иммунологические аспекты метапневмовирусной инфекции. Педиатр. 2010; 1(7): 111–114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blan Yu. B.. Starikovich M. V. Immunological aspects of metapneumovirus infection. Pediatr. [Рediatrician]. 2010; 1(7): 111–114 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каннер Е. В., Горелов А. В. Сочетанные острые респираторные инфекции у детей. Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. Актуальные вопросы. 2017; 3: 72–77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanner E. V., Gorelov A. V. Combined acute respiratory infections in children. Epidemiologiya i infektsionnyye bolezni. Aktualnyye voprosy. [Epidemiology and infectious diseases. Topical issue]. 2017; 3: 72–77 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мажуль Л. А., Шилдген О., Исаева Е. И., Вязов С. О. Метапневмовирус человека как частая причина болезней дыхательных путей. Вопросы вирусологии. 2007; 3: 4–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazhul L. A., Shildgen O., Isayeva E. I., Vyazov S. O. Human metapneumovirus as a frequent cause of respiratory diseases. Voprosy virusologii. [Questions of Virology]. 2007; 3: 4–8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евсеева Е. Л. Клинико-эпидемиологические особенности метапневмовирусной инфекции у детей: Автореф. автореф. дис. … (канд.) мед. наук. Москва; 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evseyeva E. L. Clinical and epidemiological features of metapneumovirus infection in children: PhD of med. sci. diss. Moscow; 2009 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazar I., Weibel C., Dziura J., Ferguson D., Landry M.L., Kahn J.S. Human metapneumovirus and severity of respiratory syncytial virus disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004; 10 (7): 1318–1320.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazar I., Weibel C., Dziura J., Ferguson D., Landry M.L., Kahn J.S. Human metapneumovirus and severity of respiratory syncytial virus disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004; 10 (7): 1318–1320.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харламова Ф. С., Кладова О. В., Учайкин В. Ф., Чешик С. Г., Вартанян Р. В., Яблонская К. П. Метапневмовирусная и бокавирусная инфекции в структуре ОРВИ у детей. Детские инфекции. 2015; 2: 5–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharlamova F. S., Kladova O. V., Uchaykin V. F., Cheshik S. G., Vartanyan R. V., Yablonskaya K. P. Metapneumovirus and bocavirus infection in the structure of acute respiratory viral infections in children. Detskiye infektsii. [Childhood infections]. 2015; 2: 5–11 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paranhos-Baccala G., Komurian-Pradel F., Richard N., Vernet G., Lina B., Floret D. Mixed respiratory virus infections. J. Clin. Virol. 2008; 43 (4): 407–410.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paranhos-Baccala G., Komurian-Pradel F., Richard N., Vernet G., Lina B., Floret D. Mixed respiratory virus infections. J. Clin. Virol. 2008; 43 (4): 407–410.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allander T., Jartti T., Gupta S., Niesters H.G.M., Lehtinen P., Osterback R. et al. Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children. Clin. Ifect. Dis. 2007; 44: 904 910.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allander T., Jartti T., Gupta S., Niesters H.G.M., Lehtinen P., Osterback R. et al. Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children. Clin. Ifect. Dis. 2007; 44: 904 910.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naghipour M., Cuevas L., Bakhshinejad T., Dove W., Hart C. Human bocavirus in Iranian children with acute respiratory infections. J. Med. Virol. 2007; 79 (5): 539–543.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naghipour M., Cuevas L., Bakhshinejad T., Dove W., Hart C. Human bocavirus in Iranian children with acute respiratory infections. J. Med. Virol. 2007; 79 (5): 539–543.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maggi F., Pifferi M., Vatteroni M., Fornai C., Tempestini E., Anzilotti S. et al. Human metapneumovirus associated with respiratory tract infections in 3-year study of nasal swabs from infants in Italy. J. Clin. Microbial. 2003; 41: 2987–2991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maggi F., Pifferi M., Vatteroni M., Fornai C., Tempestini E., Anzilotti S. et al. Human metapneumovirus associated with respiratory tract infections in 3-year study of nasal swabs from infants in Italy. J. Clin. Microbial. 2003; 41: 2987–2991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Симовьян Э. Н., Денисенко В. Б., Бовтало Л. Ф., Трофименко Е. С., Кравцова А. В. Гнойный менингоэнцефалит смешанной этиологии у ребенка двух лет: трудности диагностики и лечения. Детские инфекции. 2015; 4: 57–59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simovian E. N., Denisenko V. B., Bovtalo L. F., Trofimenko E. S., Kravtsova A. V. Purulent meningoencephalitis of mixed etiology in a child of two years: difficulties of diagnosis and treatment. Detskiye infektsii. [Childhood infections]. 2015; 4: 57–59 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">von Linstow M.L., Hugh M., Hugh B. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of human bocavirus in Danish infants: Results from a prospective birth cohort study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008 Oct; 27 (10): 897–902.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">von Linstow M.L., Hugh M., Hugh B. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of human bocavirus in Danish infants: Results from a prospective birth cohort study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008 Oct; 27 (10): 897–902.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jartti T., Hedman K., Jartti L., Ruuskanen O., Allander T., Soderlund-Venermo M. Human bocavirus — the first 5 years. Rev Med Virol. 2012 Jan; 22 (1): 46–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jartti T., Hedman K., Jartti L., Ruuskanen O., Allander T., Soderlund-Venermo M. Human bocavirus — the first 5 years. Rev Med Virol. 2012 Jan; 22 (1): 46–64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vicente D., Cilla G., Montes M., Perez-Yarza E.G., Perez-Trallero E. Human bocavirus, a respiratory and enteric virus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2007;13(4): 636–637.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vicente D., Cilla G., Montes M., Perez-Yarza E.G., Perez-Trallero E. Human bocavirus, a respiratory and enteric virus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2007;13(4): 636–637.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lau S.K., Yip C.C., Que T.L., Lee R.A., Au-Yeung R.K., Zhou B. et al. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of human bocavirus in respiratory and fecal samples from children in Hong Kong. Infect. Dis. 2007; 196 (7): 986–993.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lau S.K., Yip C.C., Que T.L., Lee R.A., Au-Yeung R.K., Zhou B. et al. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of human bocavirus in respiratory and fecal samples from children in Hong Kong. Infect. Dis. 2007; 196 (7): 986–993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каннер Е. В., Крутихина С. Б., Горелов А. В. Бокавирусная инфекция у детей на современном этапе. Обзор литературы. Медицинский совет. 2017; 5: 34–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanner E. V., Krutikhina S. B., Gorelov A. V. Rotavirus infection in children at the present stage. Review. Meditsinskiy sovet. [The medical council].2017; 5: 34</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кондратьева Т. Ю. Бокавирус человека – недавно открытый вирус, ассоциирующийся с острыми респираторными заболеваниями. Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2008; 3: 31–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondratyeva T. Yu. Human bocavirus is a newly discovered virus associated with acute respiratory diseases. Epidemiologiya i vaktsinoprofilaktika. [Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention]. 2008; 3: 31–40 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вартанян Р. В., Швецова Ю. В., Бунин С. В., Яцишина С. Б., Малышев Н. А. Бокавирусная инфекция у детей раннего возраста. Детские инфекции. 2010; 3: 10–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vartanyan R. V., Shvetsova Yu. V., Bunin S. V., Yatsishina S. B., Malyshev N. A. Bocavirus infection in children of early age. Detskiye infektsii. [Childhood infections]. 2010; 3: 10–14 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мажуль Л. А., Исаева Е. И., Злобин В. И., Вязов С. О. Бокавирус человека. Вопросы вирусологии. 2009; 3: 6–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazhul L. A.. Isayeva E. I., Zlobin V. I., Vyazov S. O. Human bocavirus. Voprosy virusologii. [Questions of Virology]. 2009; 3: 6–7 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kantola K., Hedman L., Arthur J., Alibeto A., Delwart E., Jartti T. et al. Seroepidemiology of human bocaviruses 1–4. J. Infect. Dis. 2011; 204 (9): 1403–1412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kantola K., Hedman L., Arthur J., Alibeto A., Delwart E., Jartti T. et al. Seroepidemiology of human bocaviruses 1–4. J. Infect. Dis. 2011; 204 (9): 1403–1412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснова Е. И., Тюменцев А. И., Тикунова Н. В., Хохлова Н. И., Проворова В. В. Бокавирусная инфекция у детей с острым гастроэнтеритом. Альманах клинической медицины. 2017; 45 (1): 40–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnova E. I., Tyumentsev A. I., Tikunova N. V., Khokhlova N. I., Provorova V. V. Bocavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis. Almanakh klinicheskoy meditsiny. [Almanac of clinical medicine].2017; 45 (1): 40–47 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catalano-Pons C., Giraud C., Rozenberg F., Meritet J.-F., Lebon P., Gendrel D. Detection of human bocavirus in children with Kawasaki disease. Clin. Microbial. Infect. 2007;13 (12): 1220–1222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catalano-Pons C., Giraud C., Rozenberg F., Meritet J.-F., Lebon P., Gendrel D. Detection of human bocavirus in children with Kawasaki disease. Clin. Microbial. Infect. 2007;13 (12): 1220–1222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kleines M., Scheithauer S., Rackowitz A., Ritter K., Hausler M. High prevalence of human bocavirus detected in young children with severe acute lower respiratory tract disease by use of a standard PCR protocol and a novel real-time PCR protocol. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007; 45 (3): 1032–1034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleines M., Scheithauer S., Rackowitz A., Ritter K., Hausler M. High prevalence of human bocavirus detected in young children with severe acute lower respiratory tract disease by use of a standard PCR protocol and a novel real-time PCR protocol. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007; 45 (3): 1032–1034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kesebir D., Vazquez M., Weibel C., Shapiro E.D., Ferguson D., Landry M.L. et al. Human bocavirus infection in young children in the United States: molecular epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of a newly emerging respiratory virus. J. Infect. Dis. 2006; 194 (9): 1276–1282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kesebir D., Vazquez M., Weibel C., Shapiro E.D., Ferguson D., Landry M.L. et al. Human bocavirus infection in young children in the United States: molecular epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of a newly emerging respiratory virus. J. Infect. Dis. 2006; 194 (9): 1276–1282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chow B. D., Ou Z., Esper F. P. Newly recognized bocaviruses (HBoV, HBoV2) in children and adults with gastrointestinal illness in the United States. J. Clin. Virol. 2010 Feb; 47 (2): 143–147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chow B. D., Ou Z., Esper F. P. Newly recognized bocaviruses (HBoV, HBoV2) in children and adults with gastrointestinal illness in the United States. J. Clin. Virol. 2010 Feb; 47 (2): 143–147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han T. H., Kim C. H., Park S. H., Kim E. J., Chung J. Y., Hwang E. S. Detection of human bocavirus-2 in children with acute gastroenteritis in South Korea. Arch. Virol. 2009; 154 (12): 1923–1927.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han T. H., Kim C. H., Park S. H., Kim E. J., Chung J. Y., Hwang E. S. Detection of human bocavirus-2 in children with acute gastroenteritis in South Korea. Arch. Virol. 2009; 154 (12): 1923–1927.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J. I., Chung J. Y., Han T. H., Song M. O., Hwang E. S. Detection of human bocavirus in children hospitalized because of acute gastroenteritis. J. Infect. Dis. 2007; 196 (7): 994–997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J. I., Chung J. Y., Han T. H., Song M. O., Hwang E. S. Detection of human bocavirus in children hospitalized because of acute gastroenteritis. J. Infect. Dis. 2007; 196 (7): 994–997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santos N., Peret T.C., Humphrey C.D., Albuquerque M.C., Silva R.C., Benati F.J., et al. Human bocavirus species 2 and 3 in Brazil. J Clin Virol. 2010 Jun; 48 (2): 127–130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santos N., Peret T. C., Humphrey C. D., Albuquerque M.C., Silva R. C., Benati F. J. et al. Human bocavirus species 2 and 3 in Brazil. J Clin Virol. 2010 Jun; 48 (2): 127–130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song J.R., Jin Y., Xie Z.P., Gao H.C., Xiao N.G., Chen W.X. et al. Novel human bocavirus in children with acute respiratory tract infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Feb; 16 (2): 324–327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song J. R., Jin Y., Xie Z. P., Gao H. C., Xiao N. G., Chen W. X. et al. Novel human bocavirus in children with acute respiratory tract infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Feb; 16 (2): 324–327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foulongne V., Rodiere M., Segondy M. Human bocavirus in children. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2006; 12: 862–863.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foulongne V., Rodiere M., Segondy M. Human bocavirus in children. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2006; 12: 862–863.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фадеева Т. В., Верещагина С. А., Габриэль Э. А., Коган А. С. Актуальные проблемы госпитальной инфекции: реинфицирование, суперинфицирование и резистентность возбудителей к антимикробным препаратам. Бюллетень ВСНЦ СО РАМН. 2006; 5: 298–301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fadeeva T. V., Vereshchagina S. A., Gabriel E. A., Kogan A. S. Actual problems of hospital infection: reinfection, superinfection and resistance of pathogens to antimicrobials. Byulleten VSNTs SO RAMN. [Bulletin of the East Siberian Scientific Center SBRAMS]. 2006; 5: 298–301 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Булгакова В. А. Острые респираторные инфекции у детей: рациональный выбор фармакотерапии. Справочник педиатра. 2011; 8: 28–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulgakova V. A. Acute respiratory infections in children: rational choice of pharmacotherapy. Spravochnik pediatra. [Pediatrician handbook]. 2011; 8: 28–37 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albuquerque M. C., Rocha L. N., Benati F. J., Soares C. C., Maranhao A. G., Ramirez M. L. et al. Human bocavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis. Brazil. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2007; 13 (11): 1756–1758.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albuquerque M. C., Rocha L. N., Benati F. J., Soares C. C., Maranhao A. G., Ramirez M. L. et al. Human bocavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis. Brazil. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2007; 13 (11): 1756–1758.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Швец Е. Ю. Клинико-эпидемиологические особенности и диагностика бокавирусной инфекции у детей: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. Москва; 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shvets E. Yu. Clinical and epidemiological features and diagnostic bocavirus infection in children: PhD of med. sci. diss. Moscow; 2009 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Memish Z. A., Alhakeem R., Stephens G.M. Sandi Arabica and the emergence of a novel coronavirus. East. Mediterr. Health J. 2013; 19 (1): 7–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Memish Z. A., Alhakeem R., Stephens G. M. Sandi Arabica and the emergence of a novel coronavirus. East. Mediterr. Health J. 2013; 19 (1): 7–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pyrc K., Berkhout B., Van der Hoek L. The novel human coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1. J. Virol. 2007; 81(7): 3051–3057.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pyrc K., Berkhout B., Van der Hoek L. The novel human coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1. J. Virol. 2007; 81(7): 3051–3057.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu R., Yu X., Wang W., Duan X., Zhang L., Zhou W. et al. Characterization of human coronavirus etiology in Chinese adults with acute upper respiratory tract infection by real-time Rt-PCR assays. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7(6):e38638.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu R., Yu X., Wang W., Duan X., Zhang L., Zhou W. et al. Characterization of human coronavirus etiology in Chinese adults with acute upper respiratory tract infection by real-time Rt-PCR assays. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7(6):e38638.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мурадян А. Я., Осидак Л. В., Румель Н. Б., Кореняко И.Е. Значимость коронавирусной инфекции в острой респираторной патологии у детей. Детские инфекции. 2003; 3: 22–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muradyan A. Ya.. Osidak L. V.. Rumel N. B.. Korenyako I.E. The significance of coronavirus infection in acute respiratory disease in children. Detskiye infektsii. [Childhood infections]. 2003; 3: 22–25 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осидак Л. В., Дриневский В. П., Данини Г. В., Мурадян А. Я., Румель Н. Б. Внутрибольничные респираторные инфекции у детей и роль коронавирусов в их возникновении. Детские инфекции. 2003; 2: 16–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osidak L. V., Drinevskiy V. P., Danini G. V., Muradyan A. Ya., Rumel N. B. Nosocomial respiratory infections in children and the role of coronaviruses in their occurrence. Detskiye infektsii. [Childhood infections]. 2003; 2: 16–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
