<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-6-57-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-609</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-эпидемиологический скрининг генома штамма Coxiella burnetii NL3262 (Netherlands, 2009) методом формального анализа строя</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular Epidemiological Screening of  the  Genome  of  the  Strain  Coxiella  burnetii NL3262  (Netherlands, 2009)  Using Formal Order Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпынов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpynov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шпынов Станислав Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, руководитель  лаборатории экологии риккетсий.</p><p>18, улица Н. Ф. Гамалеи, Москва, 123098; 8-499-193-61-85.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav N. Shpynov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), head of laboratory of ecology of rickettsiae.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stan63@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуменюк</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gumenyuk</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гуменюк Александр Степанович – кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры информатики и вычислительной  техники.</p><p>пр. Мира, д. 11, 644050, Омск; 8-960-991-33-97.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Gumenyuk  – Cand. Sci. (Techn.), docent  of informatics and computer engineering department .</p><p>prospect  Mira 11, 644050, Omsk; 8-960-991-33-97.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gumas45@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поздниченко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozdnichenko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поздниченко Николай Николаевич – старший преподаватель кафедры информатики и вычислительной техники.</p><p>пр. Мира, д. 11, 644050, Омск; 8-960-982-30-10.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay N. Pozdnichenko – senior lecturer of informatics and computer engineering department.</p><p>prospect Mira 11, 644050, Omsk; 8-960-982-30-10.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nick670@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скиба</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skiba</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скиба Артемий Андреевич – инженер-программист.</p><p>ул. Маяковского, д. 14, 644046, Омск; 8-965-985-77-54.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artemiy A. Skiba – software developer.</p><p>Myakovskogo str., 14, 644046, Omsk; 8-965-985-77-54.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skiba.artem@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИЦЭМ им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NF Gamaleya Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Компания Элмис»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ООО «Company Elmis»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шпынов С.Н., Гуменюк А.С., Поздниченко Н.Н., Скиба А.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шпынов С.Н., Гуменюк А.С., Поздниченко Н.Н., Скиба А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shpynov S.N., Gumenyuk A.S., Pozdnichenko N.N., Skiba A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/609">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/609</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Во время массовой вспышки Q лихорадки  в Нидерландах  в 2007–2010  гг. было зарегистрировано  более 4000 случаев острой формы заболевания  человека.  Штамм Coxiella burnetii NL3262  был выделен  во время этой вспышки из абортированной плаценты козы и наиболее полно изучен с помощью комплекса молекулярно-биологических и биоинформационных методов.  Цель.  Апробация нового биоинформационного подхода – формального  анализа  строя – для изучения происхождения штаммов, вызвавших массовую вспышку Q лихорадки в Нидерландах на примере штамма C. burnetii NL3262. Материалы и методы. В данной работе новые инструменты формального анализа строя (FOA) «Карта генов» и «Матрица сходства», доступные по адресу http://foarlab.org, были применены для изучения степени сходства генома (хромосомы, плазмиды) штамма NL3262  с геномами других штаммов C. burnetii. Нуклеотидные последовательности хромосом 10 штаммов C. burnetii и 8 плазмид были загружены из GenBank: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome. Результаты. Данные, полученные с помощью карты генов, показали, что хромосома штамма NL3262 по показателю характеристики средней удалённости нуклеотидов в хромосоме (g) 1,449640 значительно дистанцировалась от хромосом других штаммов, расположившихся в диапазоне от 1,448295 (Dugway 5J108-111) до 1,448865 (CbRSA331). Это может быть обусловлено присутствием в ней 106 копий гена «транспозазы семейства IS110», связанного с ростом вирулентности, в то время как в хромосомах других штаммов их число было меньше (в пределах от 1 до 48). Данные из матрицы сходства показали,  что 84,9% компонентов хромосомы C. burnetii штамма NL3262  имели полную (100%-ую) гомологию с компонентами хромосомы штамма Z3055. Для хромосом других штаммов процент варьировал от 12,06 до 47,14. Плазмиды типа pQpH1 штаммов NL3262  и RSA 331 содержали  50,0% компонентов с полной гомологией, для этого же типа плазмид штамма RSA 493 и его клонов показатель составил от 28,89 до 29,89%, для плазмид других типов – от 5,56 до 6,74%. Показано, что хромосомы штаммов NL3262 и Z3055 имеют наибольший процент компонентов с полной гомологией. Однако по показателю  g хромосомы эти штаммы значительно удалены друг от друга, в связи с большим количеством копий IS110 в хромосоме штамма NL3262,  вызвавших формирование 21 коллинеарного  блока. Это привело к изменению свойств штаммов, вызвавших вспышку Q лихорадки в Нидерландах,  и росту их эпидемической значимости, вылившейся в самую масштабную вспышку за всю историю изучения этой инфекции. Заключение. Результаты исследований, полученные на основании применения формального анализа строя, позволили сделать предположение о происхождении штаммов, вызвавших вспышку Q лихорадки в Нидерландах в 2007–2010  гг. Показано, что ведущим мотивом в реорганизации генома C. burnetii является адаптация микроорганизма к новой экологической нише.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. More than 4,000 cases of acute disease in humans were reported during the mass Q fever outbreak in the Netherlands in 2007–2010. The Coxiella burnetii NL3262 strain was isolated during this outbreak from an aborted placenta of a goat and was studied using means of molecular biology and bioinformation techniques. Goals. Approbation of a new bioinformatics approach – formal order analysis – to study the origin of the strains that caused a massive outbreak of Q fever in the Netherlands using the C. burnetii NL3262 strain. Methodology. New tools of the formal order analysis (FOA) «Map of Genes» and «Matrix of Similarity» (available at http://foarlab. org) were used in this work to study the degree of similarity of the genome (chromosome, plasmid) of this strain with the genomes of other strains of C. burnetii. The nucleotide sequences of the chromosomes of 10 C. burnetii strains and 8 plasmids were loaded from GenBank: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome. Results. The map of genes data showed that the chromosome of NL3262 strain significantly distanced from the chromosome of other strains by the characteristic of the average remoteness of nucleotides in the chromosome (g) that ranged from 1.448295 (for Dugway 5J108-111) to 1.448865 1.449640 (for CbRSA331). This may be due to the presence of 106 copies of the «transposase family IS110» gene associated with the growth of virulence, while in the chromosomes of other strains their number ranged only from 1 to 48. The similarity matrix showed that 84.9% of C. burnetii NL3262  chromosome components had complete (100%) homology with chromosome components of strain Z3055. The percentage of similar components ranged from 12.06 to 47.14 for chromosomes of other strains. Plasmids of the pQpH1 type of strains NL3262 and RSA 331 contained 50.0% of components with complete homology. For the same type of plasmids of strain RSA 493 and its clones, the index varied from 28.89 to 29.89%, and for plasmids of other types it was from 5.56 to 6.74%. It is shown that the chromosomes of strains NL3262  and Z3055 have the highest percentage of components with complete homology. However, by the g index, chromosomes of these strains are significantly distanced from each other, due to the large number of copies of IS110 in the chromosome of strain NL3262, which caused the formation of 21 collinear blocks. This led to a change in the properties of the Q fever outbreak strains in the Netherlands and the increase in their epidemiological significance, which caused the largest outbreak in the history of the study of this infection. Conclusions. The results of the study, obtained on the basis of the application of formal order analysis, made it possible to make an assumption about the origin of the strains of Q fever in the Netherlands in 2007–2010.  It is shown that the leading reason in the reorganization of the C. burnetii genome is the adaptation of the microorganism to a new ecological niche.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Coxiella burnetii</kwd><kwd>Q лихорадка</kwd><kwd>экология</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>геном</kwd><kwd>формальный анализ  строя</kwd><kwd>карта генов</kwd><kwd>матрица сходства</kwd><kwd>средняя удалённость нуклеотидов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Coxiella burnetii</kwd><kwd>Q fever</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>genome</kwd><kwd>formal order  analysis</kwd><kwd>matrix of similarity</kwd><kwd>map of genes</kwd><kwd>average remoteness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maurin M., Raoult D. Q fever // Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999. N12. P. 518–553.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maurin M, Raoult D. Q fever. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999; 12: 518–553.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дайтер А.Б. Эпидемиологические аспекты болезней с природной очаговостью. Л.; 1986.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dayter A.B. Epidemiological aspects of diseases with natural foci. L., 1986  (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tissot-Dupont H., Raoult D. Q Fever // Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2008. N22. P. 505–514.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tissot-Dupont H, Raoult D. Q Fever. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2008;22:505–514.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arricau Bouvery N., Souriau A., Lechopier P., et al. Experimental Coxiella burnetii infection in pregnant goats: excretion routes // Vet Res. 2003. N 3. P. 423–433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arricau Bouvery N, Souriau A, Lechopier P, et al. Experimental Coxiella burnetii infection in pregnant goats: excretion routes. Vet Res. 2003; 3: 423–433. doi: 10.1051/vetres:200301</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roest H.-J., van Gelderen B., Dinkla A., et al. Q Fever in pregnant goats: pathogenesis and excretion of Coxiella burnetii // PLoS ONE. 2012. N7. P. e48949.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roest H-J, van Gelderen  B, Dinkla A, et al. Q Fever in pregnant goats: pathogenesis and excretion of Coxiella burnetii. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e48949.  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048949</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raoult D., Etienne J., Massip P., et al. Q fever endocarditis in the south of France. J Infect Dis. 1987. N 155. P. 570–573.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raoult D, Etienne J, Massip P, et al. Q fever endocarditis in the south of France. J Infect Dis. 1987; 155: 570–573.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raoult D., Marrie T., Mege J. Natural history and pathophysiology of Q fever // Lancet Infect Dis. 2005. Vol. 5, N 4. P. 219–226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raoult  D, Marrie T, Mege J. Natural history and pathophysiology of Q fever. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005; 5 (4): 219–226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parker N.R., Barralet J.H., Bell A.M. Q fever // Lancet. 2006. Vol. 367, N 9511. P. 679–688.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parker NR, Barralet  JH, Bell AM. Q fever. Lancet. 2006;Vol.367,9511:679–688.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoover T.A., Culp D.W., Vodkin M.H. et al. Chromosomal DNA deletions explain phenotypic characteristics of two antigenic variants, phase II and RSA 514 (crazy), of the Coxiella burnetii nine mile strain // Infect. Immun. 2002. N70. P. 6726–6733.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoover TA, Culp DW, Vodkin MH, et al. Chromosomal DNA deletions explain phenotypic characteristics of two antigenic variants, phase II and RSA 514 (crazy), of the Coxiella burnetii nine mile strain. Infect. Immun. 2002; 70: 6726–6733.  doi: 10.1128/IAI.70.12.6726-2733.2002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denison A.M., Massung R.F., Thompson H.A. Analysis of the O-antigen biosynthesis regions of phase II isolates of Coxiella burnetii // FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2007. N 267. P.102–107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denison AM, Massung RF, Thompson HA. Analysis of the O-antigen biosynthesis regions of phase II isolates of Coxiella burnetii. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2007; 267: 102–107. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00544.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuley R., Smith H.E., Frangoulidis D., et al. Cell-Free Propagation of Coxiella burnetii does not affect its relative virulence // PLoS ONE. 2015. N10. P. 121661.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuley R, Smith HE, Frangoulidis D, et al. Cell-Free Propagation of Coxiella burnetii does not affect its relative virulence. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:121661. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121661.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuley R., Smith H.E., Janse I., et al. First Complete Genome Sequence of the Dutch Veterinary Coxiella burnetii Strain NL3262, Originating from the Largest Global Q Fever Outbreak, and Draft Genome Sequence of Its Epidemiologically Linked Chronic Human Isolate NLhu3345937 // Genome Announc. 2016. Vol.4, N2. P. e00245-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuley R, Smith HE, Janse I, et al. First Complete Genome Sequence of the Dutch Veterinary Coxiella burnetii Strain NL3262, Originating from the Largest Global Q Fever Outbreak, and Draft Genome Sequence of Its Epidemiologically Linked Chronic Human Isolate NLhu3345937. Genome Announc. 2016;4(2): e00245-16. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00245-16</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ladbury G.A., Van Leuken J.P., Swart A., et al. Integrating interdisciplinary methodologies for One Health: goat farm re-implicated as the probable source of an urban Q fever outbreak, the Netherlands, 2009 // BMC Infect Dis. 2015. N 15. P. 372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ladbury GA, Van Leuken JP, Swart A, et al. Integrating interdisciplinary methodologies for One Health: goat farm re-implicated as the probable source of an urban Q fever outbreak, the Netherlands, 2009. BMC Infect Dis. 2015; 15: 372. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1083-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Amato F., Rouli L., Edouard S., et al. The genome of Coxiella burnetii Z3055, a clone linked to the Netherlands Q fever outbreaks, provides evidence for the role of drift in the emergence of epidemic clones // Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014. Vol. 37, N 5–6. P. 281–288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Amato F, Rouli L, Edouard S, et al. The genome of Coxiella burnetii Z3055, a clone linked to the Netherlands Q fever outbreaks, provides evidence for the role of drift in the emergence of epidemic clones. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014; 37 (5–6): 281–288. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.08.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roest H.I., Ruuls R.C., Tilburg J.J., et al. Molecular epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii from ruminants in Q fever outbreak, the Netherlands // Emerg Infect Dis. 2011. N 17. P. 668–675.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roest HI, Ruuls RC, Tilburg  JJ, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii from ruminants in Q fever outbreak, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17:668–675. doi: 10.3201/eid1704.101562</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuley R., Kuijt E., Smits M.A., et al.. Genome Plasticity and Polymorphisms in Critical Genes Correlate with Increased Virulence of Dutch Outbreak-Related Coxiella burnetii Strains // Front Microbiol. 2017. N 8. P. 1526.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuley R, Kuijt E, Smits MA, et al. Genome Plasticity and Polymorphisms in Critical Genes Correlate with Increased Virulence of Dutch Outbreak-Related  Coxiella burnetii Strains. Front Microbiol.  2017; 8: 1526. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01526</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seshadri R., Paulsen I.T., Eisen J.A., et al. Complete genome sequence of the Q-fever pathogen Coxiella burnetii // Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2003. N100. P.5455–5460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seshadri R, Paulsen IT, Eisen JA, et al. Complete genome sequence of the Q-fever pathogen Coxiella burnetii. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003; 100: 5455–5460. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0931379100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tilburg J.J., Roest H.J., Buffet S., et al. Epidemic Genotype of Coxiella burnetii among Goats, Sheep, and Humans in the Netherlands // Emerg Infect Dis. 2012. N18. P. 887–889.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tilburg JJ, Roest HJ, Buffet S, et al. Epidemic Genotype of Coxiella burnetii among Goats, Sheep, and Humans in the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:887–889. doi: 10.3201/eid1805.111907</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mori M., Boarbi S., Michel P., et al. In vitro and in vivo infectious potential of Coxiella burnetii: a study on Belgian livestock isolates // PLoS ONE. 2013. N8. P. e67622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mori M., Boarbi  S., Michel  P., et al. In vitro and in vivo infectious potential of Coxiella burnetii: a study on Belgian livestock isolates. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e67622. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067622.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуменюк А.С., Поздниченко Н.Н., Родионов И.Н., и др. О средствах формального анализа строя нуклеотидных цепей // Математическая биология и биоинформатика. 2013. Т. 8, № 1. С. 373–397.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gumenyuk AS, Pozdnichenko N, Rodionov I, et al. About the means of formal analysis system of nucleotide chains. Mat bio bioinform. 2013; 8 (1): 373–397. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shpynov S, Pozdnichenko N, Gumenuk A. Approach for classification and taxonomy within family Rickettsiaceae based on the Formal Order Analysis // Microbes Infect. 2015. Vol.17, N 11–12. P. 839 – 844.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shpynov S, Pozdnichenko N, Gumenuk A. Approach for classification and taxonomy within family Rickettsiaceae based on the Formal Order Analysis. Microbes Infect. 2015;17(11–12):839–844.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуменюк А.С., Поздниченко Н.Н., Скиба А.А., Шпынов С.Н. Программа ЭВМ «Карта генов». Свидетельство о Государственной регистрации программы ЭВМ в Реестре программ ЭВМ № 2017616730 от 13.06.2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gumenuk AS, Pozdnichenko NN, Skiba AA, Shpynov SN. Computer Program «Map of genes». Certificate of State Registration of the Computer Program in the Register of Computer Programs № 2017616730, 13.06.2017a. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуменюк А.С., Поздниченко Н.Н., Скиба А.А., Шпынов С.Н. Программа ЭВМ «Матрица сходства нуклеотидных последовательностей по их компонентам». Свидетельство о Государственной регистрации программы ЭВМ в Реестре программ ЭВМ № 2017616679 от 09.06.2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gumenuk AS, Pozdnichenko NN, Skiba AA, Shpynov SN. Computer Program «Matrix of similarity of nucleotide sequences by their components». Certificate of State Registration of the Computer Program in the Register of Computer Programs № 2017616679, 09.06.2017b. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gumenyuk A., Kostyshin A., Simonova S. An approach to the research of the structure of linguistic and musical texts // Glottometrics. 2002. N3. P. 61–69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gumenyuk A, Kostyshin A, Simonova S. An approach to the research of the structure of linguistic and musical texts. Glottometrics. 2002; 3: 61–69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afreixo V., Bastos C.A., Pinho A.J., et al. Genome analysis with inter-nucleotide distances // Bioinformatics. 2009. Vol. 25, N 23. P. 3064–3070.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afreixo V, Bastos  CA, Pinho AJ, et al. Genome analysis with inter-nucleotide distances. Bioinformatics. 2009; 25 (23): 3064–3070.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Achuth S., Achuthsankar S. Nair, Mahalakshmi T. Visualization of genomic data using inter-nucleotide distance signals. Proceedings of IEEE Genomic Signal Processing. Romania: Bucharest; 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Achuth S, Achuthsankar S Nair, Mahalakshmi T. Visualization  of genomic data using inter-nucleotide distance signals. Proceedings of IEEE Genomic Signal Processing. Romania: Bucharest; 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hall B.G. Is the occurrence of some spontaneous mutations directed by environmental challenges? // New Biol. 1991. N 3. P. 729–733.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hall BG. Is the occurrence of some spontaneous mutations directed by environmental challenges? New Biol. 1991; 3: 729–733.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beare P.A., Unsworth N., Andoh M., et al. Comparative genomics reveal extensive transposon-mediated genomic plasticity and diversity among potential effector proteins within the genus Coxiella // Infect Immun. 2009. N 77. P. 642–656.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beare PA, Unsworth N, Andoh M, et al. Comparative genomics reveal extensive transposon-mediated genomic plasticity and diversity among potential effector proteins within the genus Coxiella. Infect Immun. 2009; 77: 642–656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01141-08</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pallen M.J., Wren B.W. Bacterial pathogenomics // Nature. 2007. N 449. P. 835–842.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pallen MJ, Wren BW. Bacterial pathogenomics. Nature. 2007;449:835–842. doi: 10.1038/nature06248</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Millar J.A., Beare P.A., Moses A.S., et al. Whole-Genome Sequence of Coxiella burnetii Nine Mile RSA439 (Phase II, Clone 4), a Laboratory Workhorse Strain // Genome Announc. 2017. Vol. 5, N 23. P: e00471–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Millar JA, Beare PA, Moses AS, et al. Whole-Genome Sequence of Coxiella burnetii Nine Mile RSA439 (Phase II, Clone 4), a Laboratory Workhorse Strain. Genome Announc. 2017; 8: 5 (23): e00471–17. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00471-17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toman R., Škultéty L., Ftácˇek P., et al. NMR study of virenose and dihydrohydroxystreptose isolated from Coxiella burnetii phase I lipopolysaccharide // Carbohydr. Res. 1998. N306. P. 291–296.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toman R, Škultéty L, Ftácˇek P, et al. NMR study of virenose and dihydrohydroxystreptose isolated from Coxiella burnetii phase I lipopolysaccharide.  Carbohydr. Res. 1998; 306: 291–296. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6215(97)10037-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enserink M. Questions abound in Q-Fever explosion in the Netherlands // Science. 2010. N327. P. 266–267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enserink M. Questions abound in Q-Fever explosion in the Netherlands. Science. 2010;327:266–267. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5963.266-a.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Hoek W., Dijkstra F., Schimmer B., et al. Q fever in the Netherlands: an update on the epidemiology and control measures // Euro. Surveill. 2010. N. 15. P. 19520.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van der Hoek W, Dijkstra F, Schimmer B, et al. Q fever in the Netherlands: an update on the epidemiology and control measures. Euro. Surveill. 2010; 15: 19520.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
