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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-76-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-622</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Активное эпидемиологическое наблюдение – залог эффективной профилактики инфекции в детской хирургии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Active Epidemiological Surveillance: the Key for Effective Infection Prevention  in Pediatric Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малашенко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malashenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малашенко Анастасия  Александровна – аспирант  четвертого  года обучения   кафедры   эпидемиологии,   паразитологии   и  дезинфектологии  СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова, врач-эпидемиолог ДГМКЦ ВМТ им. К.А. Раухфуса.</p><p>Тел.: 8(812)578-75-82.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya A. Malashenko –  fourth year graduate student of the department of epidemiology, parasitology and disinfectology.</p><p>Tel.: 8(812)578-75-82.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastena7887@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асланов</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aslanov</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асланов Батырбек Исмелович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор  кафедры  эпидемиологии, паразитологии  и дезинфектологии.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Batyrbek  I. Aslanov  – Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor of the department of epidemiology, parasitology and disinfectology.</p><p>Tel.: 8(812)543-13-21.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Batyrbek.Aslanov@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нечаев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nechaev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нечаев Виталий Владимирович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaly V. Nechaev – Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor of the department of infectious diseases.</p><p>Tel.: 8(812)717-60-51.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nechaev-tropica@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова; Детский городской многопрофильный клинический центр высоких медицинских технологий им. К.А. Раухфуса</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; K.A. Rauchfus Children's City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малашенко А.А., Асланов Б.И., Нечаев В.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малашенко А.А., Асланов Б.И., Нечаев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malashenko A.A., Aslanov B.I., Nechaev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/622">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/622</self-uri><abstract><p>О распространенности  инфекций в области хирургического вмешательства (ИОХВ) в детской хирургии часто судят по экстраполяционным данным, полученным в основном в исследованиях во взрослой популяции. В России информация о реальных значениях заболеваемости  ИОХВ в детской хирургии практически отсутствует.  Известно, что одной из причин низкой эффективности профилактики  ИОХВ является  слабая система эпидемиологического  наблюдения, что ведет к отсутствию  данных о факторах риска и недооценке  актуальности  проблемы.  Целый ряд профилактических мероприятий, направленных  на предупреждение развития ИОХВ, доказали свою эффективность у взрослых хирургических пациентов. Одно из ведущих мест в профилактике принадлежит периоперационной антибиотикопрофилактике (ПАП). Цель исследования, проведенного на базе Детской городской больницы № 19 им. К. А. Раухфуса, Санкт-Петербург, состояла в выявлении эпидемиологических особенностей инфекций в области хирургического вмешательства в детской хирургии, совершенствование методов эпидемиологического наблюдения и оценка эффективности ПАП при проведении хирургических операций у детей.</p><p>Результаты, полученные в ходе ретроспективного и проспективного эпидемиологических наблюдений среди пациентов хирургических отделений. В отделениях детской хирургии показатели частоты ИОХВ имеют высокие значения. Эффективность  выявления реальной заболеваемости  ИОХВ зависит от методов эпидемиологического  наблюдения: 3,8 на 100 операций при использовании стандартных подходов и 11,6 на 100 операций при использовании специально разработанных карт активного эпидемиологического наблюдения. Частота ИОХВ отличается в зависимости от типа хирургического отделения: 3,8 на 100 операций в отделении травматологии,  7,1 в нейрохирургическом отделении и 15,3 в отделении общей хирургии. В этиологической структуре ИОХВ преобладает S. aureus (46,5%), на второй и третьей позициях находятся соответственно  E. сoli (22,2%) и S. epidermidis (16,7%). Периоперационная антибиотикопрофилактика является эффективным методом предотвращения ИОХВ в детской хирургии (показатель отношения шансов OR по результатам исследования «случай-контроль» составил 0,52 (95% ДИ = 0,3–0,8)).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Approaches  to the prevention of surgical site infections (SSI) in pediatric surgery is an extrapolation of data obtained mainly from studies in the adult surgical patients. In Russia, data on the actual incidence of SSI in pediatric surgery are almost nonexistent. It is known that one of the reasons for the low effectiveness of SSI prevention is a weak system of epidemiological surveillance, which leads to an underestimation of risk factors and the urgency of the problem. A number of preventive measures aimed at preventing of SSI have shown efficacy in adult surgical patients. One of the leading position belongs to antimicrobial prophylaxis. The study was conducted in St. Petersburg State Children's city hospital № 19 named after K. A. Rauhfus. The data were obtained during a retrospective and prospective epidemiological surveillance among patients of surgical units.</p><p>It has been shown that SSIs in children have high morbidity. The effectiveness of detecting the real incidence of SSI depends on the methods of epidemiological surveillance: 3.8 per 100 surgeries using standard approaches of surveillance and 11.6 using specially developed forms of active epidemiological surveillance. The incidence of SSI varied depending on the type of surgical unit: 3.8 per 100 surgeries in the traumatology unit, 7.1 in the neurosurgical unit and 15.3 in the general surgery unit. In the etiologic structure, S. aureus predominates (46.5%), E. coli (22.2%) and S. epidermidis (16.7%) were respectively in the second and third positions. It has been shown that antimicrobial prophylaxis is an effective measure for prevention of SSI in pediatric surgery (the odds ratio OR in the case-control study was 0.52 (95% CI = 0.3–0.8)).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекция связанная с оказанием медицинской помощи</kwd><kwd>инфекция в области хирургического вмешательства</kwd><kwd>детская хирургия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>health care associated infection</kwd><kwd>surgical site infection</kwd><kwd>pediatric surgery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bucher B.T., Warner B.W., Dillon P.A. Antibiotic prophylaxis and the prevention of surgical site infection // CurrOpinPediatr. 2011, Vol. 23, N 3. 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