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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2019-18-5-70-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-830</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ И ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND VACCINE PREVENTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поиски универсальной противогриппозной вакцины: возможности и ограничения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Search for a Universal Influenza  Vaccine: Possibilities and Limitations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харченко</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharchenko</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Харченко Евгений Петрович – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>194223, Санкт-Петербург, пр. Тореза, 44. </p><p>+7 (904) 338-22-80.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>EugeneP. Kharchenko – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), leader researcher of I. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy Sciences.</p><p>194223, St. Petersburg, Toreza pr.44. </p><p>+7 (904) 338-22-80.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neuro.children@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харченко Е.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харченко Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharchenko E.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/830">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/830</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. При несомненной полезности регулярной сезонной вакцинации эффективность противогриппозных вакцин (ПГВ) варьирует в зависимости от соответствия  вакцинальных  штаммов гриппа циркулирующим в эпидсезоне штаммам, т.е. по существу используемые  ПГВ являются штаммоспецифичными и не способны формировать  длительный иммунитет к разным штаммам вируса гриппа. Цель продемонстрировать,  используя методы биоинформатики, что доминантные последовательности гемагглютинина  (НА) предшествующих эпидсезонов  содержат  в себе практически все протяженные  консервативные,  идентичные для всех штаммов последующего  сезона последовательности и соответственно могут служить  в качестве УПГВ на уровне подтипов для будущих эпидсезонов,  а также обсудить в широком аспекте возможности и ограничения в поисках УПГВ. Материалы и методы. Для компьютерного анализа были использованы доступные  в Интернете  базы данных первичных структур  НА штаммов H1N1 и H3N2, выделенных  у человека в эпидсезон гриппа 2009-2019 гг. Для каждого эпидсезона строили доминантную и инвариантную последовательности НА, представляющие  собой обобщенные образы НА циркулирующих штаммов, и по ним сравнивали  эпидсезоны  друг с другом. В качестве характеристик  НА десятилетнего периода использовали  доминантную последовательность доминантных последовательностей НА и инвариантную последовательность доминантных последовательностей НА составляющих эпидсезонов.  Результаты. Доминантные  последовательности  НА эпидсезонов  в течение  последних  10  лет мало отличались  друг от друга, т.е. их структуры обладали  устойчивостью, и каждая из них содержит  в себе практически все идентичные консервативные последовательности НА штаммов последующих сезонов. За прошедшее десятилетие в первичных структурах НА Н1 и НА Н3 свиньи и особенно птиц, в отличие от этих подтипов НА у человека, претерпели значительно  большие изменения. Заключение. Вакцинные структуры с доминантными последовательностями НА H1 и H3 штаммов предшествующих эпидсезонов  могут быть эффективны  против множества  различных  штаммов их подтипов в последующих эпидсезонах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance.Upon the unquestionable utility of regular season vaccination influenza vaccine effectiveness varies depending on how vaccinal strains to be in accord with seasonal circulating influenza strains, i.e. the influenza vaccines are virtually strain-spesific and not able to elicit broad, protective immune responses. Aim is widening the scope of bioinformatics applications to show the possibility to construct  H1 and H3 hemagglutinin structures that contain long identical invariant (conservative) sequences from various strains and can accordingly be used as a universal influenza vaccine at the level of strain subtypes for the future seasons and also to discuss possibilities and limitations in the search for the universal influenza vaccine. Materials and methods.  For the computer analysis, the database of the hemagglutinin (HA) primary structures of the H1N1 and H3N2 strains isolated in the influenza epidemiological season 2009/2010–2018/2019 were used from the Internet. For every epidemical season dominant and invariant H1 sequences (presenting the generalized HA images of circulating strains) are constructed and used for the comparison of seasons. The dominant sequence of the seasonal dominant sequences and the invariant sequences of the seasonal dominant sequences are used as the HA characteristics for ten year period. Results.  The seasonal dominant HA sequences of the last ten year period contain a few changes, i.e. their structures are robust and each structure contains practically all identical conservative sequences of the HA of the following seasons. During the last ten years the bird and swine HA H1 and H3, in contrast to human HA H1 and H3, have requiredsignificant changes. Conclusion. The vacccines using the H1 and H3 dominant sequences for preceding epidemical seasons could be effective against the various strain subtypes in the future seasons.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус гриппа</kwd><kwd>эпидсезон</kwd><kwd>эволюция</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>универсальная вакцина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>influenza virus</kwd><kwd>evolution</kwd><kwd>prediction</kwd><kwd>epidemic season</kwd><kwd>universal vaccine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erbelding EJ., Post DJ. Stemmy EJ. et al. Universal Influenza Vaccine: The Strategic Plan for the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. // Journal of Infectious Diseases 2018. Vol. 218. P. 347–354. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy103. J. Infect. Dis. 2019. 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