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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2019-18-15-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-860</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ И ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND VACCINE PREVENTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности эпидемического процесса при гриппе и его этиологии в странах Северного и Южного полушарий в период циркуляции пандемического вируса А(H1N1)pdm09 (по данным ВОЗ)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of Epidemic Process of Influenza and its Etiology in the Countries of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in the Period of Circulation of Pandemic Virus A(H1N1)pdm09 (According to WHO)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-5977</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Серафимовна Карпова, д. м. н., заведующая лабораторией </p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д.15/17.</p><p>+7812-499-15-32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila S. Karpova – Dr. Sci. (Med.), head of laboratory</p><p>prof. Popov street, 15/17, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,197376.</p><p>+7 (812) 499-15-33</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">epidlab@influenza.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пелих</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pelikh</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Юрьевна Пелих – научный сотрудник</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д.15/17.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria Yu. Pelikh – research fellow</p><p>prof. Popov street, 15/17, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 197376.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marat_marlya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поповцева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popovtseva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нина Михайловна Поповцева – техник</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д.15/17.</p><p>+7 (812) 499-15-32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina M. Popovtseva – technician</p><p>prof. Popov street, 15/17, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,197376.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">epidlab@influenza.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столярова</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarova</surname><given-names>T. P</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Петровна Столярова – техник</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д.15/17.</p><p>+7 (812) 499-15-32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana P. Stolyarova – technician</p><p>prof. Popov street, 15/17, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,197376.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">epidlab@influenza.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5557-9318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волик</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volik</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксения Михайловна Волик – ведущий программист</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 15/17.</p><p>+7-911-913-23-37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia M. Volik – lead programmer</p><p>prof. Popov street, 15/17, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,197376.</p><p>+7-911-913-23-37</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vitkasova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А. А. Смородинцева» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smorodintsev Research Influenza Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карпова Л.С., Пелих М.Ю., Поповцева Н.М., Столярова Т.П., Волик К.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпова Л.С., Пелих М.Ю., Поповцева Н.М., Столярова Т.П., Волик К.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpova L.S., Pelikh M.Y., Popovtseva N.M., Stolyarova T.P., Volik K.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/860">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/860</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Для гриппа характерно глобальное распространение и различие его сезонности в странах с умеренным и тропическим климатом. Актуальность изучения антигенной изменчивости вирусов гриппа обусловлена тем, что изменение антигенной структуры является эволюционным механизмом приспособляемости вируса для обеспечения своей выживаемости и причиной ежегодных эпидемий.</p><p>Цель данной работы – выявление особенностей географического распространения гриппа (сезонности), этиологии и темпов антигенной изменчивости вирусов гриппа А и В.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. На основании данных Справочных научно-исследовательских центров ВОЗ собрана информация о циркулирующих штаммах вирусов гриппа с 1975 г. A(H3N2), с 1977 г. A(H1N1) и типа В линий Ямагата и Виктория с 1987 г. по 2019 г., а также данные о количестве всех выявленных вирусов гриппа и отдельных штаммов, циркулировавших в странах Северного и Южного полушарий с 2008 г. по 2018 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Анализ глобального распространения гриппа, его этиологии и антигенной изменчивости вирусов, по данным ВОЗ, показал, что вирус гриппа А(H1N1)pdm09 был основным возбудителем эпидемий и региональных вспышек в сезоны высокой активности гриппа во всех странах, кроме США и Канады, где доминировали вирусы гриппа А(H3N2) и B. В странах с выраженной сезонностью смена сезона приводила к смене этиологии гриппа, а в тропических странах вирус А(H1N1)pdm09 чаще оставался доминирующим во все сезоны года.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Подтверждена выраженная сезонность гриппа в северных странах и ее отсутствие в тропических, где преобладали региональные вспышки во все сезоны года. Подтверждена низкая антигенная изменчивость штаммов гриппа А(H1N1), а самая высокая – А(H3N2). Среди штаммов гриппа В линия Виктория обладала меньшей антигенной изменчивостью, т.к. продолжительность ее циркуляции до появления нового дрейф-варианта была больше, чем у линии Ямагата. Показана тенденция увеличения общей продолжительности циркуляции вирусов гриппа В/Виктория, A(H1N1) и В/Ямагата за счет увеличения циркуляции до появления новых дрейф-вариантов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Influenza is characterized by global distribution and the difference in its seasonality in countries with temperate and tropical climates. The importance of studying antigenic variation of influenza viruses due to the fact that changes in the antigenic structure is an evolutionary mechanism of adaptation of the virus to ensure its survival and cause annual epidemics.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims. The Aim of this study was to identify the peculiarities of the geographical spread of influenza (seasonal), etiology and the rate of antigenic variability of influenza viruses A and B.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Based on data from WHO Reference research centers, information was collected on circulating influenza virus strains from 1975 A(H3N2), 1977 A(H1N1)pdm09 and type B of the Yamagata and Victoria lines from 1987 to 2019, as well as data on the number of all identified influenza viruses and individual strains circulating in the Northern and Southern hemispheres from 2008 to 2018.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Analysis of the global spread of influenza, its etiology and antigenic variability of viruses, according to WHO, showed that the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was the main causative agent of epidemics and regional outbreaks in seasons of high influenza activity in all countries except the United States and Canada, where influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses dominated in countries with severe seasonality, the change of season led to a change in the etiology of influenza, and in tropical countries, the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus more often remained dominant in all seasons of the year.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The pronounced seasonality of influenza in Northern countries and its absence in tropical countries, where regional outbreaks prevailed in all seasons of the year, were confirmed. Low antigenic variability of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains was confirmed, and the highest – A(H3N2). Among influenza B strains in the Victoria line had less antigenic variability, because the duration of its circulation before the appearance of a new drift variant was longer than that of the Yamagata line. The tendency to increase the total duration of circulation of influenza viruses B/Victoria, A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Yamagata due to increased circulation before the emergence of new drift variants is shown.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>географическое распространение</kwd><kwd>сезонность гриппа</kwd><kwd>антигенная изменчивость вирусов A(H1N1)</kwd><kwd>A(H3N2)</kwd><kwd>В/Ямагата и В/Виктория</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>geographical distribution</kwd><kwd>influenza seasonality</kwd><kwd>antigenic variability of viruses A(H1N1)</kwd><kwd>A(H3N2)</kwd><kwd>B/Yamagata and B/ Victoria</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cox NJ, Subbarao K. Global epidemiology of influenza: past and present // Annu Rev. Med. 2000; 51: 407–421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cox NJ, Subbarao K. 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