<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-1-58-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-926</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность стратегии ЮНЭЙДС «90-90-90» в популяциях с различным приростом численности населения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Effectiveness of the UNAIDS Strategy«90-90-90»in Populations with Different Population Growth</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3826-6088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нешумаев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neshumaev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нешумаев Дмитрий Александрович - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией иммунологических, и гематологических исследований.</p><p>660049, Красноярск, ул. К. Маркса, 45, стр. 1. +7(391) 226-84-12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Neshumaev - Cand. Sci. (Med.), head of the laboratory of immunological and hematological research.</p><p>Krasnoyarsk, +7 (391) 226-84-12</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neshumaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-2902</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухарев</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukharev</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Николаевич Сухарев - кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры электронной техники и телекоммуникаций института информатики и телекоммуникаций.</p><p>Красноярск,+7(391) 291-91-47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny N. Sukharev - Cand. Sci. (Techn.), associate professor of department of electronic engineering and telecommunications of institute of informatics and telecommunications.</p><p>Krasnoyarsk, +7(391) 291-91-47</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">solo113@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-8734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стасенко</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stasenko</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Леонидович Стасенко - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой эпидемиологии.</p><p>(3812) 65-04-63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir L. Stasenko - professor, head of the department of epidemiology.</p><p>+7 (3812) 65-04-63</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlstasenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>КГАУЗ Красноярский краевой Центр профилактики и борьбы со СПИД</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Krasnoyarsk Regional Center of AIDS prevention</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University Abstract</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нешумаев Д.А., Сухарев Е.Н., Стасенко В.Л., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нешумаев Д.А., Сухарев Е.Н., Стасенко В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Neshumaev D.A., Sukharev E.N., Stasenko V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/926">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/926</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Имеющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что в разных странах эффективность стратегии «90-90-90» существенно различается. Например, Австралия с показателями 90-90-79 (на 2016 г.) не добилась отрицательного тренда заболеваемости и пораженности, в то время как Нигер с показателями 35-90-57 демонстрирует стойкое снижение эпидемии ВИЧ-инфекции. Одно из возможных объяснений наблюдаемых различий - это особенности развития эпидемического процесса ВИЧ-инфекции в популяциях, отличающихся по демографическим характеристикам. Отсюда можно предполагать, что и управленческие воздействия в виде стратегии «90-90-90» или любых других стратегий будут существенным образом отличаться в таких саморегулирующихся системах.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: моделирование динамики эпидемического процесса в популяциях с различной вероятностью передачи ВИЧ-инфекции и отрицательным, нулевым, положительным приростом численности населения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В качестве основного метода применялось компьютерное вероятностное моделирование методом Монте-Карло. Использованы следующие параметры для описания эпидемического процесса: численность населения, рождаемость, смертность, пораженность ВИЧ-инфекцией, летальность, вероятность передачи ВИЧ. Значения данных параметров были приближены к мировой статистике ЮНЭЙДС. В работе предполагается, что эффективные управленческие воздействия уменьшают вероятность передачи ВИЧ в популяции. Последовательно исследована динамика численности населения, заболеваемости и пораженности ВИЧ-инфекцией в популяциях с отрицательным, нулевым, положительным естественным приростом и вероятностью передачи ВИЧ в популяции от 50% до 10%. Статистическая проверка гипотез проводилась методом Стьюдента.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В популяциях с отрицательным приростом численности населения и вероятности передачи ВИЧ на уровне 0,5 заболеваемость и пораженность на начальной стадии характеризуются возрастающим трендом, достигают пиковых значений и уменьшаются до нуля. При уменьшении вероятности передачи ВИЧ пик переходит в плато или сразу принимает нисходящую форму. В общих чертах аналогичные закономерности регистрируются при нулевом приросте численности населения. Заболеваемость и пораженность ВИЧ-инфекцией при положительном приросте численности населения меняются циклическим подъемом и спадом. Изменение диапазона вероятности передачи ВИЧ от 0,5 до 0,2 характеризуется уменьшением частоты и увеличением амплитуды пиков заболеваемости и пораженности. При вероятности передачи ВИЧ на уровне 0,1 эпидемический процесс резко обрывается. Согласно моделированию любое управленческое воздействие в странах с отрицательным приростом численности должно быть эффективным. Практические данные не противоречат теории. Например, показатели«56-66-59»в Украине привели к снижению заболеваемости. Управленческие действия в популяциях с положительным приростом численности населения, которые уменьшают вероятность передачи ВИЧ на 20% или 40% неэффективны. При достижении 80% эпидемический процесс резко прекращается.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Эффектуменьшения вероятности передачи ВИЧ в популяциях с отрицательным и нулевым приростом численности населения выражается в линейном снижении заболеваемости и пораженности (при фиксированной летальности). В популяциях с положительным естественным приростом уменьшения вероятности передачи ВИЧ менее 40% стратегически неэффективно, а при достижении 80% потенцируется резкое прекращение эпидемического процесса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Available data indicate that the effectiveness of the strategy of "90-90-90" varies considerably between countries. For example, Australia with figures 90-90-79 (2016) has not achieved the negative trend of the incidence and prevalence, while Niger 35-90-57 performance demonstrates a stable decrease in the HIV epidemic. One possible explanation for the observed processes may have different development of the epidemic process in populations that differ by demographic characteristics. From this we can assume that the epidemic control in a strategy of «90-90-90» or any other strategies will differ significantly in such self-regulating systems.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: modeling the dynamics of the epidemic process in populations with different probability of HIV transmission and negative, zero, positive population growth.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: Computer probabilistic modeling by the Monte Carlo method was carried out. The following parameters were used to describe the epidemic process: population size, birth rate, mortality, HIV prevalence, lethality among patients with HIV/AIDS and probability of HIV transmission. The values of these parameters were close to the UNAIDS global statistics. It is assumed that the effective management of the epidemic reduce the probability of HIV transmission in the population. The dynamics of the population size, incidence and prevalence of HIV infection in populations with negative, zero, positive natural growth and the probability of HIV transmission in the population from 50% to 10% has been consistently studied. Statistical processing carried out by the Student method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In populations with a negative population growth and a probability of HIV transmission of 0.5, incidence and prevalence at the initial stage are characterized by an increasing trend, reach peak values and decrease to zero. When reducing the probability of HIV transmission peak becomes plateau or directly take the downward shape. In general terms, similar patterns are recorded at zero population growth. The incidence and prevalence of HIV infection with a positive population growth are changing cyclically up and down. Change transmission probabilities range from 0.5 to 0.2 is characterized by a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of peaks increasing incidence and prevalence. When transmission probabilities at 0.1 epidemic process drops sharply. According to the simulation, any managerial impact in countries with negative population growth should be effective. Practical evidence does not contradict theory. For example, indicators "56-66-59" in Ukraine led to a decrease in the incidence. Management actions in populations with positive population growth that reduce the probability of HIV transmission by 20% or 40% are ineffective. When reaching 80%, the epidemic process abruptly stops.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The effect of reducing the probability of HIV transmission in populations with a negative and zero population growth is expressed as a linear reduction in incidence and prevalence (at fixed lethality). In populations with a positive natural growth reduction transmission probabilities less than 40% strategically not effective, and when it reaches 80% potentiated abrupt cessation epidemic process.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>математическая модель</kwd><kwd>передача ВИЧ-инфекции</kwd><kwd>стохастический процесс</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологические факторы</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологические исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>mathematical model</kwd><kwd>HIV transmission</kwd><kwd>stochastic process</kwd><kwd>epidemiological factors</kwd><kwd>epidemiological studies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляков Н. А., Рассохин В. В., Розенталь В. В. и др. Эпидемиология ВИЧ-инфекции. Место мониторинга, научных и дозорных наблюдений, моделирования и прогнозирования обстановки. //ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии. 2019. т. 11, №2. С. 7-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyakov NA, Rassokhin VV, Rosenthal VV et al. Epidemiology of HIV infection. Place of monitoring, scientific and surveillance observations, modeling and forecasting. HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders. 2019;. 11 (2): 7-26 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Распоряжение Правительства РФ № 2203-р от 20.10.2016 г. «Об утверждении Государственной стратегии противодействия распространению ВИЧ-инфекции в Российской Федерации на период до 2020года и дальнейшую перспективу».</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decree of the government of the Russian Federation N2203-r 20.10.2016 «On approval of the state strategy for countering the spread of HIV infection in the Russian Federation for the period until 2020 and the future perspective» (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNAIDS. 90-90-90: an ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. 2014. Доступно на: www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2017/90-90-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UNAIDS. 90-90-90: an ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. 2014. Available at: www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2017/90-90-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Granich R., Gupta S., Wollmers M., Ruffner M., et al. Modeling the HIV epidemic: why the 95-95-95 target and ART effectiveness parameters matter // International Journal of Virology and AIDS. 2018. Vol. 5, N 1. 041. doi: 10.23937/2469-567X/1510041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Granich R, Gupta S, Wollmers M, Ruffner M et al. Modeling the HIV epidemic: why the 95-95-95 target and ART effectiveness parameters matter. International Journal of Virology and AIDS. 2018; 5 (1): 041. doi: 10.23937/2469-567X/1510041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelly S.L.,Wilson D.P. HIV cascade monitoring and simple modeling reveal potential for reductions in HIV incidence. // JAIDS. 2015. Vol. 69, N3. P. 257-63. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000655.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelly SL,Wilson DP. HIV cascade monitoring and simple modeling reveal potential for reductions in HIV incidence. JAIDS. 2015; 69 (3): 257-63. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000655.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stover J., Bollinger L., Izazola J.A., et al. What is required to end the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat by2030? The cost and impact of the fast-track approach // PLoS ONE. 2016. Vol. 11, N5. e0154893. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154893.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stover J, Bollinger L, Izazola JA et al. What is required to end the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat by2030? The cost and impact of the fast-track approach. PLoS ONE.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нешумаев Д.А., Сухарев Е.Н., Стасенко В.Л. Система управления ВИЧ-инфекцией. Часть 1. Принципы функционирования и оптимальные параметры // ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии. 2017. т. 9, №4. С. 93-101. doi: 10.22328/2077-9828-2017-9-4-93-101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">; 11 (5): e0154893. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154893.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нешумаев Д.А., Малышева М.А., Шевченко Н.М., и др. Моделирование динамики эпидемии ВИЧ-инфекции с использованием частоты встречаемости ранних случаев заражения // ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии. 2016. т. 8, № 2. С. 53-60. doi: 10.22328/2077-9828-2016-8-2-53-60</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neshumaev DA, Sucharev EN, Stasenko VL. The control system of HIV infection: Part 1 - principles of operation and optimal parameters. HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders. 2017; 9 (4): 93-101 (in Russ). doi: 10.22328/2077-9828-2017-9-4-93-101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нешумаев Д.А. Скрининг населения необходимый для контроля эпидемии ВИЧ-инфекции. // ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии. 2017. т. 9, № 3. С. 73-80. doi: 10.22328/2077-9828-2017-9-3-73-80</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neshumaev DA, Malysheva MA, Shevchenko NM et. al. Modeling the dynamics of HIV epidemic based on the incidence of early HIV cases. HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders. 2016; 8 (2): 53-60. doi: 10.22328/2077-9828-2016-8-2-53-60 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population) [Internet]. Доступно на: https://population.un.org/wpp/DataQuery.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neshumaev DA. Screening of the population necessary to control the HIV epidemic // HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders. 2017; 9 (3): 73-80 (in Russ). doi: 10.22328/2077-9828-2017-9-3-73-80</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Информационный бюллетень - глобальная статистика по СПИДу 2019. Доступно на: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/ftles/media_asset/UNAiDS_ FactSheet_ru.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rate of natural increase (per 1,000population) [Internet]. Available at: https://population.un.org/wpp/DataQuery/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">HIV estimates with uncertainty bounds 1990-2018 (Download spreadsheet) [Internet]. Доступно на: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newsletter - Global HIV&amp;AIDS statistics - 2019 fact sheet [Internet]. Available at: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_FactSheet_ru.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomson K.A., Hughes J., Baeten J.M., et al. Increased risk of HIV acquisition among women throughout pregnancy and during the postpartum period: a prospective per-coital-act analysis among women with HIV-Infected partners. // The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2018. Vol. 218, N1. P. 16-25. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">HIV estimates with uncertainty bounds 1990-2018 (Download spreadsheet). Available at: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malunguza, N.J., Hove-Musekwa, S.D., Mukandavire Z. Projecting the impact of anal intercourse on HIV transmission among heterosexuals in high HIV prevalence settings. // Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2018. Vol. 437. P. 163-178. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.10.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomson KA, Hughes J, Baeten JM et al. Increased risk of HIV acquisition among women throughout pregnancy and during the postpartum period: a prospective per-coital-act analysis among women with HIV-Infected partners // The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2018; 218 (1): 16-25. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volz E.M., Vu S.Le, Ratmann O., et al. Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 subtype B reveals heterogeneous transmission risk: implications for intervention and control. // The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2018. Vol. 217, N.10. P. 1522-1529. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy044.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malunguza NJ, Hove-Musekwa SD, Mukandavire Z. Projecting the impact of anal intercourse on HIV transmission among heterosexuals in high HIV prevalence settings // Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2018; 437:163-178. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.10.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown B.J., Oladokun R.E., Ogunbosi B.O., et al. Blood transfusion-associated HIV infection in children in Ibadan, Nigeria. // Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care. 2017.303-308. Vol. 16, N3. P. 303-308. doi: 10.1177/2325957413500990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volz EM, Vu SLe, Ratmann O et al. Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 subtype B reveals heterogeneous transmission risk: implications for intervention and control. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2018; 217 (10): 1522-1529. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy044.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marks G., Crepaz N., Senterfttt J., et al. Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs. // JAIDS. 2005. Vol. 39, N 4. P. 446-453. doi: 10.1097/01.qai.0000151079.33935.79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown BJ, Oladokun RE, Ogunbosi BO et al. Blood transfusion-associated HIV infection in children in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care. 2017; 16 (3): 303-308. doi: 10.1177/2325957413500990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fonner V.A., Denison J., Kennedy C.E., et al. Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for changing HIV-related risk behavior in developing countries // Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012. N 9. Art. N.: CD001224. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001224.pub4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marks G, Crepaz N, Senterfitt J et al. Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs. JAIDS. 2005; 39 (4): 446-453. doi: 10.1097/01.qai.0000151079.33935.79</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loutfy M.R., Wu W., Letchumanan M., et al. Systematic review of HIV transmission between heterosexual serodiscordant couples where the HIV-positive partner is fully suppressed on antiretroviral therapy. //PLoS ONE. 2013. Vol. 8, N 2. e55747. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fonner VA, Denison J, Kennedy CE et al. Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for changing HIV-related risk behavior in developing countries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012; 9. Art. N.: CD001224. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001224.pub4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Supervie V., Assoumou L., Breban R., et al. Risk of HIV transmission during combined ART initiation for HIV-infected persons with severe immunosuppression. // Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2017. Vol. 72, N 11. P. 3172-3176. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx276</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loutfy MR, Wu W, Letchumanan M et al. Systematic review of HIV transmission between heterosexual serodiscordant couples where the HIV-positive partner is fully suppressed on antiretroviral therapy. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8 (2): e55747. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055747</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooper B., Toskin I., Kulier R., et al. Brief sexuality communication - a behavioural intervention to advance sexually transmitted infection/HIV prevention: a systematic review//BJOG. 2014. V. 121, Suppl. 5. P. 92-103. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12877.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Supervie V, Assoumou L, Breban R et al. Risk of HIV transmission during combined ART initiation for HIV-infected persons with severe immunosuppression. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2017; 72 (11): 3172-3176. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zajac K., Kennedy C.E., Fonner V.A., et al. A systematic review of the effects of behavioral counseling on sexual risk behaviors and HIV/STI prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. // AIDS and Behavior. 2015. Vol. 19, N 7. P. 1178-1202. doi: 10.1007/s10461-014-0893-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooper B, Toskin I, Kulier R et al. Brief sexuality communication - a behavioural intervention to advance sexually transmitted infection/HIV prevention: a systematic review //BJOG. 2014; 121 (Suppl. 5): 92-103. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12877.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Progress towards 90-90-90 targets - all ages (treatment cascade) [Internet]. Доступно на: http://aidsinfo.unaids.org/#data-details. Ссылка активна на 18.10.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zajac K, Kennedy CE, Fonner VA et al. A systematic review of the effects of behavioral counseling on sexual risk behaviors and HIV/STI prevalence in low- and middle-income countries //AIDS and Behavior. 2015; 19 (7): 1178-1202. doi: 10.1007/s10461-014-0893-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gisslen M., Svedhem V, Lindborg L., et al. Sweden, the first country to achieve the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO) 90-90-90 continuum of HIV care targets // HIV Medicine. 2017. Vol. 18, N4. P. 305-307. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12431</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Progress towards 90-90-90 targets - all ages (treatment cascade). Available at: http://aidsinfo.unaids.org/#data-details.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прекращение эпидемии СПИДа прогресс в достижении целей 90-90-90 [Internet]. Доступно на: https://www.unaids.org/ru/topic/data/publications.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gisslen M, Svedhem V, Lindborg L et al. Sweden, the first country to achieve the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO) 90-90-90 continuum of HIV care targets. HIV Medicine. 2017; 18 (4): 305-307. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12431.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott N., Stoove M., Kelly Sh.L., et al. Achieving 90-90-90 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets will not be enough to achieve the HIV incidence reduction target in Australia//Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2018. Vol. 66, N7. P. 1019-26. doi: W.1093/cid/cix939</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ending the AIDS epidemic progress towards goals 90-90-90. Available at: https://www.unaids.org/ru/topic/data/publications.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith M.K., Powers K.A., Muessig K.E., et al. HIV treatment as prevention: the utility and limitations of ecological observation // PLoS Medicine. 2012. Vol. 9, N7. e1001260. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001260</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott N, Stoove M, Kelly ShL et al. Achieving 90-90-90 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets will not be enough to achieve the HIV incidence reduction target in Australia//Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2018; 66 (7): 1019-26. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix939.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson D.P. HIV treatment as prevention: natural experiments highlight limits of antiretroviral treatment as HIV prevention. PLoS Medicine. 2012. Vol. 9, N7. e1001231. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001231</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith MK, Powers KA, Muessig KE et al. HIV treatment as prevention: the utility and limitations of ecological observation // PLoS Medicine. 2012; 9 (7): e1001260. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson DP. HIV treatment as prevention: natural experiments highlight limits of antiretroviral treatment as HIV prevention. PLoS Medicine. 2012; 9 (7): e!001231. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson DP. HIV treatment as prevention: natural experiments highlight limits of antiretroviral treatment as HIV prevention. PLoS Medicine. 2012; 9 (7): e!001231. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
