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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epidemiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-3046</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Numicom» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-2-40-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epidemiology-980</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска инфицирования Klebsiella pneumoniae пациентов детских медицинских организаций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk Factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections in Pediatric Healthcare Settings</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5391-8734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьменко</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmenko</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Анатольевна Кузьменко – аспирант кафедры эпидемиологии</p><p>650066, г. Кемерово, пр. Октябрьский, д. 22 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Kuzmenko – graduate student of the Department of Epidemiology of Kemerovo State Medical University</p><p>Oktyabrsky Ave., 22, Kemerovo 650066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">epidemiologidgkb5@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3565-3215</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмакова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmakova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Александровна Шмакова – кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры эпидемиологии</p><p>650066, г. Кемерово, пр. Октябрьский, д. 22 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Shmakova – Cand. Sci. (Med.) of the Department of Epidemiology</p><p>Oktyabrsky Ave., 22, Kemerovo 650066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">msh2888@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8616-3227</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брусина</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brusina</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Борисовна Брусина – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой эпидемиологии</p><p>650066, г. Кемерово, пр. Октябрьский, д. 22 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena B. Brusina – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Epidemiology</p><p>Oktyabrsky Ave., 22, Kemerovo 650066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">brusina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Belyaev Kemerovo Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьменко С.А., Шмакова М.А., Брусина Е.Б., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьменко С.А., Шмакова М.А., Брусина Е.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmenko S.A., Shmakova M.A., Brusina E.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/980">https://www.epidemvac.ru/jour/article/view/980</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Инфекции, связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи (ИСМП), оказывают прямое влияние на исходы лечения пациентов и рассматриваются в контексте проблемы обеспечения качества медицинской помощи. Одними из ведущих патогенов ИСМП являются бактерии рода Klebsiella.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение факторов риска инфицирования Klebsiella pneumoniae пациентов детских медицинских организаций.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучены исходы лечения 27 852 пациентов, у 2187 из которых выявлены Klebsiella spp. (2012–2019 гг.). В описательном сплошном эпидемиологическом исследовании изучены уровни, динамика и структура эпидемического процесса. С целью выявления возможных факторов риска проведено аналитическое эпидемиологическое исследование типа «случай–контроль», группа наблюдения составила 52 человека, группа сравнения – 738 человек (выборочные данные). В группу наблюдения были включены пациенты детского многопрофильного стационара, инфицированные K. pneumoniae. В группу сравнения – пациенты без инфицирования K. pneumoniae, находившиеся в таких же условиях, что и пациенты группы наблюдения. Идентификация микроорганизмов и определение чувствительности к антибиотикам проводилось на биохимическом анализаторе Viteк 2 compact (США). Риск инфекций выражали расчетом отношения шансов и доверительных интервалов (метод Уилсона). Различия между показателями оценивались при помощи критерия χ2 при уровне доверительных значений p &lt; 0,05. Использован эпидемиологический калькулятор WINPEPI, version 11.65.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Среднемноголетняя частота инфицирования детей бактериями рода Klebsiella spp. составила 78,52 на 1000 пациентов (95% ДИ [75,42–81,74]). Установлена многолетняя тенденция к снижению проявлений эпидемического процесса, вызванного K. pneumoniae, с 4-х летней цикличностью. Риск инфицирования пациентов K. pneumoniae увеличивался в 2 раза после 5-ти суток применения антибиотиков. Выявлены факторы высокого риска инфицирования пациентов K. pneumoniae: искусственное вскармливание (OR = 9,21, 95% ДИ = 3,31–35,45, р = 0,0001), искусственная вентиляция легких (OR = 7,36, 95% ДИ = 3,92– 14,09, р = 0,0001), ингаляции через небулайзер (OR = 5,34, 95% ДИ = 2,49–10,90, р = 0,0001), санация верхних дыхательных путей (OR = 4,62, 95% ДИ =2,49–8,56, р = 0,0001), малый срок гестации (OR = 2,55, 95% ДИ =1,38–4,69, р = 0,001), недостаток массы тела (OR = 2,48, 95% ДИ = 1,34–4,56, р = 0,002), постановка очистительной клизмы (OR = 1,80, 95% ДИ = 0,78–3,81, р = 0,088), зондирование желудка (OR = 1,79, 95% ДИ = 0,85–3,54, р = 0,065).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Установлена многолетняя тенденция к снижению проявлений эпидемического процесса, вызванного K. pneumoniae, с 4-х летней цикличностью. Риск инфицирования пациентов K. pneumoniae увеличивался в 2 раза после 5-ти суток применения антибиотиков. Выявлены медицинские технологии, применение которых сопровождалось высоким риском инфицирования пациентов K. pneumoniae.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major cause of severe healthcare-associated infections in children, representing one of the six most widespread multidrug-resistant microorganisms worldwide and requiring the implementation of population-wide treatment strategies.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the risk factors for Klebsiella spread in pediatric healthcare settings.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Here we performed a descriptive retrospective epidemiological study of Klebsiella spp. cases in pediatric units across the entire Kemerovo region (2012–2019). In total, we documented 27,852 treatment outcomes. We further selected 52 confirmed cases and assessed their risk profiles in comparison with 738 condition-matched control children.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Average incidence of Klebsiella spp. detection in pediatric healthcare settings was 78.52 per 1,000 patients (95% CI = 75.42–81.74). We revealed a declining incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in the region, with notable 4-year cyclicity. The proportion of Klebsiella pneumoniae-infected patients increased 2-fold after 5 days of antibiotic therapy. Among the risk factors of Klebsiella pneumonia infection were artificial feeding (OR = 9,21, 95% = 3,31–35,45, р = 0,0001), assisted ventilation (OR = 7,36, 95% CI = 3,92–14,0], р = 0,0001), use of nebulizers (OR = 5,34, 95% CI =2,49 – 10,9], р=0,0001), airway management (OR = 4,62, 95% CI =2,49–8,56, р = 0,0001), preterm birth (OR = 2,55, 95% CI =1,38 – 4,69, р=0,001), low body weight (OR = 2,48, 95% CI = 1,34–4,56, р = 0,002), enema administration (OR = 1,80, 95% CI = 0,78–3,81, р = 0,088), and nasogastric intubation (OR = 1,79, 95% CI = 0,85–3,54, р = 0,065).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections is currently lowering and has 4-year cyclicity. Antimicrobial treatment is associated with 2-fold increased risk if administered for ≥ 5 days. A number of healthcare-associated risk factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections have been found.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>частота</kwd><kwd>инфекции</kwd><kwd>связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>чувствительность к антимикробным препаратам</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Klebsiella spp.</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>healthcare-associated infections</kwd><kwd>the risk factors</kwd><kwd>groups at risk</kwd><kwd>antibiotic sensitivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wylie K.M., Wylie T.N., Minx P.J. et al, Whole-genome sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to track strain progression in a single patient with recurrent urinary tract infection. Front. Cell. Infect. 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