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Dynamics of changes in population immunity to the SARS-CоV-2 virus in residents the Irkutsk region in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-2-12-17

Abstract

Background. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in the world and in Russia remains the main event in 2020. A comprehensive study of the patterns of development and manifestations of the epidemic process of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is an urgent line of research. One of the important aspects of the fight against COVID-19 is the study of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in order to assess seroprevalence and the formation process of post-infectious humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2, forecast the development of the epidemiological situation, identify the features of the epidemic process, as well as planning measures for specific and non-specific disease prevention. The aim of the research is to determine the level and structure of population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the humans of the Irkutsk region during the COVID-19 epidemic. Materials and methods. As part of the Rospotrebnadzor project to assess population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the population of the Russian Federation, research is being conducted among the population of the Irkutsk region in the periods from 06/23/2020 to 07/19/2020 (stage 1), from 09/16/2020 to 09/25/2020 (Stage 2) and from 12/07/2020 to 12/18/2020 (stage 3), taking into account the reacted one recommended by the WHO. The content of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was determined by ELISA using a set of tests for human serum or plasma for specific immunoglobulins of class G to the nucleocapsid of the SARS-CoV-2 virus produced by FBUN GNCPMiB Rospotrebnadzor (Obolensk). The results of a research of the humoral immunity of volunteers show that during the period of an epidemic rise in the incidence of COVID-19 in the Irkutsk region, a low level of seroprevalence was formed (stage 1 – 5.8 ± 0.5%, stage 2 – 12,1 ± 0,7%), and in conditions of a long-term maximum increase in the incidence rate ¬– 25,9±1,0% (stage 3). A significant proportion (stage 1 – 81,2±3,2%, stage 2 – 90.9 ±1,9%) of asymptomatic forms of infection characterize the high intensity of the latently developing epidemic process in the first two stages. High levels of IgG in reconvalescents of COVID-19 persisted for an average of 3 to 4.5 months. Conclusion. The results of assessing the population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the population of the Irkutsk region indicate that the seroprevalence level at the 3rd stage of the research was 25.9%. After the disease, on average, 41.6% of persons did not detect antibodies. The results obtained should be taken into account when organizing preventive measures, including vaccination, and predicting morbidity.

About the Authors

S. V. Balakhonov
Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East of Rospotrebnadzor
Russian Federation

Sergey V. Balakhonov, Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Director

Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78



V. I. Dubrovina
Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East of Rospotrebnadzor
Russian Federation

Valentina I. Dubrovina,Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Head of the Pathophysiological Laboratory

Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78



A. B. Pyatidesyatnikova
Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East of Rospotrebnadzor
Russian Federation

Anna B. Pyatidesyatnikova, Junior Research Officer at the Pathophysiological Laboratory

Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78



D. D. Briukhova
Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East of Rospotrebnadzor
Russian Federation

Daria D. Briukhova, Junior Research Officer at the Pathophysiological Laboratory

Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78



N. O. Kiseleva
Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East of Rospotrebnadzor
Russian Federation

Natalia O. Kiseleva, laboratory assistant-researcher at the Pathophysiological Laboratory

Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78



K. M. Korytov
Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East of Rospotrebnadzor
Russian Federation

Konstantin M. Korytov, Research Officer at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology

Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78



V. V. Voitkova
Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East of Rospotrebnadzor
Russian Federation

Valеntina V. Voitkova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology

Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78



A. N. Perezhogin
Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East of Rospotrebnadzor
Russian Federation

Alexey N. Perezhogin, head of the department of sanitary protection and monitoring of emergency situations

Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78



M. V. Chesnokova
Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East of Rospotrebnadzor
Russian Federation

Margarita V. Chesnokova, Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Scientific and Educational-Methodological Support

Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78



T. A. Gavrilova
Rospotrebnadzor Administration for Irkutsk Region
Russian Federation

Tatyana A. Gavrilova, Deputy Head of the Epidemiological Surveillance Department

Irkutsk, Karla Marksa St, 8



A. A. Seledtcov
Ministry of Health of the Irkutsk Region
Russian Federation

Alexander A. Seledtcov, Head of the Department of Health System Development

Irkutsk, Karla Marksa St, 29



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For citations:


Balakhonov S.V., Dubrovina V.I., Pyatidesyatnikova A.B., Briukhova D.D., Kiseleva N.O., Korytov K.M., Voitkova V.V., Perezhogin A.N., Chesnokova M.V., Gavrilova T.A., Seledtcov A.A. Dynamics of changes in population immunity to the SARS-CоV-2 virus in residents the Irkutsk region in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2021;20(2):12-17. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-2-12-17

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ISSN 2073-3046 (Print)
ISSN 2619-0494 (Online)