Dynamics of changes in population immunity to the SARS-CоV-2 virus in residents the Irkutsk region in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-2-12-17
Abstract
Background. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in the world and in Russia remains the main event in 2020. A comprehensive study of the patterns of development and manifestations of the epidemic process of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is an urgent line of research. One of the important aspects of the fight against COVID-19 is the study of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in order to assess seroprevalence and the formation process of post-infectious humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2, forecast the development of the epidemiological situation, identify the features of the epidemic process, as well as planning measures for specific and non-specific disease prevention. The aim of the research is to determine the level and structure of population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the humans of the Irkutsk region during the COVID-19 epidemic. Materials and methods. As part of the Rospotrebnadzor project to assess population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the population of the Russian Federation, research is being conducted among the population of the Irkutsk region in the periods from 06/23/2020 to 07/19/2020 (stage 1), from 09/16/2020 to 09/25/2020 (Stage 2) and from 12/07/2020 to 12/18/2020 (stage 3), taking into account the reacted one recommended by the WHO. The content of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was determined by ELISA using a set of tests for human serum or plasma for specific immunoglobulins of class G to the nucleocapsid of the SARS-CoV-2 virus produced by FBUN GNCPMiB Rospotrebnadzor (Obolensk). The results of a research of the humoral immunity of volunteers show that during the period of an epidemic rise in the incidence of COVID-19 in the Irkutsk region, a low level of seroprevalence was formed (stage 1 – 5.8 ± 0.5%, stage 2 – 12,1 ± 0,7%), and in conditions of a long-term maximum increase in the incidence rate ¬– 25,9±1,0% (stage 3). A significant proportion (stage 1 – 81,2±3,2%, stage 2 – 90.9 ±1,9%) of asymptomatic forms of infection characterize the high intensity of the latently developing epidemic process in the first two stages. High levels of IgG in reconvalescents of COVID-19 persisted for an average of 3 to 4.5 months. Conclusion. The results of assessing the population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the population of the Irkutsk region indicate that the seroprevalence level at the 3rd stage of the research was 25.9%. After the disease, on average, 41.6% of persons did not detect antibodies. The results obtained should be taken into account when organizing preventive measures, including vaccination, and predicting morbidity.
About the Authors
S. V. BalakhonovRussian Federation
Sergey V. Balakhonov, Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Director
Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78
V. I. Dubrovina
Russian Federation
Valentina I. Dubrovina,Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Head of the Pathophysiological Laboratory
Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78
A. B. Pyatidesyatnikova
Russian Federation
Anna B. Pyatidesyatnikova, Junior Research Officer at the Pathophysiological Laboratory
Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78
D. D. Briukhova
Russian Federation
Daria D. Briukhova, Junior Research Officer at the Pathophysiological Laboratory
Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78
N. O. Kiseleva
Russian Federation
Natalia O. Kiseleva, laboratory assistant-researcher at the Pathophysiological Laboratory
Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78
K. M. Korytov
Russian Federation
Konstantin M. Korytov, Research Officer at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology
Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78
V. V. Voitkova
Russian Federation
Valеntina V. Voitkova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology
Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78
A. N. Perezhogin
Russian Federation
Alexey N. Perezhogin, head of the department of sanitary protection and monitoring of emergency situations
Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78
M. V. Chesnokova
Russian Federation
Margarita V. Chesnokova, Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Scientific and Educational-Methodological Support
Irkutsk, Trilissera St., 78
T. A. Gavrilova
Russian Federation
Tatyana A. Gavrilova, Deputy Head of the Epidemiological Surveillance Department
Irkutsk, Karla Marksa St, 8
A. A. Seledtcov
Russian Federation
Alexander A. Seledtcov, Head of the Department of Health System Development
Irkutsk, Karla Marksa St, 29
References
1. Wu P, Hao X, Lau EHY, Wong JY, Leung KSM, et al. Real-time tentative assessment of the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus infections in Wuhan, China, as at 22 January 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020 Jan 23; 25(3): 2000044. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000044.
2. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Statement Regarding Cluster of Pneumonia Cases in Wuhan, China. Beijing: WHO; 9 Jan 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/09-01-2020-who-statement-regarding-cluster-of-pneumonia-cases-in-wuhan-china.
3. Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2019; 17: 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9.
4. Novikov DV, Mokhonov VV, Mokhonova EV, Lapin VA, Melent’ev DA, Novikov VV. 2020. Development of a vaccine against coronavirus infection based on a norovirus molecular platform. COVID19-PREPRINTS.MICROBE.RU (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21055/preprints-3111910.
5. Report of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation A. Yu. Popova at the International Scientific and Practical Conference on Counteracting Novel Corona-virus Infection and Other Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg; 9 Dec 2020 г. (In Russ.). Available at: https://www.pasteurorg.ru.
6. Statement by the WHO Director-General at the press briefing on coronavirus infection 2019-nCoV; 11 Feb 2020 г. Available at: https://www.who.int/ru/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11-february-2020.
7. Online map of coronavirus COVID-19 distribution. Available at: https://coronavirus-monitor.info/.
8. Operational data. Available at: https://xn--80aesfpebagmfblc0a.xn--p1ai/.
9. Lourenço J, Paton R, Ghafari M, et al. Fundamental principles of epidemic spread highlight the immediate need for large-scale serological surveys to assess the stage of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. 2020. medRxiv 2020.03.24.20042291. DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042291.
10. Corey L, Mascola JR, Fauci AS, Collins FS. A strategic approach to COVID-19 vaccine R&D. Science. 2020; 368(6494): 948–950. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc5312.
11. Smirnov VS, Totolian AA. Some opportunities for immunotherapy in coronavirus infection. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2020; 10(3): 446–458. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-SPO-1470.
12. Wu SC. Progress and Concept for COVID-19 Vaccine Development. Biotechnol. J. 2020;15(6):1–3. DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000147.
13. Robison D, Lhermie G. Living With COVID-19: A Systemic and Multi-Criteria Approach to Enact Evidence-Based Health Policy. Front Public Health. 2020; 8: 294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00294.
14. Popova AY, Ezhlova EB, Melnikova AA, et al. 2020. Population immunity to the SARS-COV-2 virus among the population of St. Petersburg in the active phase of the COVID-19 epidemic. (In Russ.). Available at: https://covid19-preprints.microbe.ru. DOI: 10.21055/preprints-3111752.
15. Popova AY., Ezhlova EB, Melnikova AA, et al. Experience of assessing population immunity to sars-cov-2 among the population of the Leningrad region during the COVID-19 epidemic. 2020. (In Russ.). Available at: https://covid19-preprints.microbe.ru. DOI: 10.21055/preprints-3111753.
16. Population-based age-stratified seroepidemiological investigation protocol for COVID-19 infection. WHO/2019-nCoV/Seroepidemiology/2020.2. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoVSeroepidemiology-2020.2.
Review
For citations:
Balakhonov S.V., Dubrovina V.I., Pyatidesyatnikova A.B., Briukhova D.D., Kiseleva N.O., Korytov K.M., Voitkova V.V., Perezhogin A.N., Chesnokova M.V., Gavrilova T.A., Seledtcov A.A. Dynamics of changes in population immunity to the SARS-CоV-2 virus in residents the Irkutsk region in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2021;20(2):12-17. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-2-12-17