Изучение аспектов формирования генетически детерминированной резистентности к возбудителю норовирусной инфекции посредством полиморфизма гена FUT2

Актуальность. Норовирусы являются высококонтагиозными возбудителями острой норовирусной инфекции человека. Норовирусная популяция является причиной каждого пятого случая острого небактериального гастроэнтерита, ежегодно поражает около 699 млн человек и вызывает более 200 тыс. случаев смерти по всему миру. Контролируемая экспрессия антигенов HBGA геном FUT2 обуславливает резистентность реактивного организма человека к норовирусу. Полиморфизм генов семейства FUT способствует частичной или полной невосприимчивости к некоторым геногруппам/генотипам норовируса.

Цель. Охарактеризовать влияние полиморфизма гена FUT2 на восприимчивость людей к возбудителю норовирусной инфекции.

Результаты. Нонсенс-мутации G428A в двух гомологичных аллеях способствуют формированию секреторно-отрицательного фенотипа (se), что является фактором, определяющим невосприимчивость к норовирусам. Некоторые миссенсмутации в нуклеотидных позициях se385,571 обеспечивают частичную резистентность к определенным генотипам. Люди с секреторно-отрицательным фенотипом обладают полной невосприимчивостью к генотипу GII.4 и его геновариантам.

Выводы. Экспрессия антигенов HBGA функционально неактивным геном FUT2 играет ключевую роль в резистентности человеческой популяции к возбудителю норовирусного гастроэнтерита. Восприимчивость к норовирусному агенту во многом зависит от распространенности фенотипического разнообразия HBGA среди этнических популяций по всему миру. Целенаправленный скрининг, направленный на идентификацию полиморфизма семейства FUT, позволит определять группы риска по инфицированию норовирусом.

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