Современные стратегии вакцинопрофилактики Лайм-боррелиоза

Актуальность. Лайм-боррелиоз (ЛБ) остается серьезной проблемой здравоохранения, особенно в России, где заболеваемость стабильно сохраняется высокой. На сегодняшний день не существует доступной вакцины против ЛБ, и используются только неспецифические меры профилактики. Цель. Обзор и обобщение данных литературы о прогрессе, подходах и стратегии разработки вакцин против ЛБ. Выводы. Первые вакцины против ЛБ были разработаны в 1990 гг. Вакцина на основе OspA (LYMErix) была доступна на рынке в начале 2000 гг., но не получила широкого распространения. Важным этапом в разработке вакцин против ЛБ стал переход от разработки моновалентных вакцин на основе одного типа внешнего поверхностного белка к мультивалентным комбинированным, обеспечивающим защиту против разных геновидов боррелий. Мультивалентная вакцина на основе OspA (VLA15) находится на III фазе клинических испытаний и, вероятно, станет следующей вакциной против ЛБ, доступной на рынке. Широкий интерес представляют новые подходы к разработке вакцин: генетические, выявление новых иммуногенов, воздействие на разные звенья цикла передачи возбудителей ЛБ.

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