Analysis of the Results of Monitoring Arbovirus Infections in the Volgograd Region in 2019

Relevance. Natural and climatic conditions, a variety of species composition of arthropods and vertebrates determine the possibility of circulation of arboviruses in the Volgograd region. The existence of natural foci of some arbovirus infections and the possibility of the formation of others suggests the need for annual monitoring of the causative agents of arbovirus diseases.

Аim. Evaluation of the results of monitoring of arbovirus infections in the Volgograd region in 2019.

Materials and methods: 806 blood serum samples from donors, 44 blood serum samples from febrile sick people, 300 blood serum samples from horses and 94 pools of blood-sucking mosquitoes were examined by immunofernal analysis. Result of the study of serum samples from donors in the Volgograd region, in 140 (17.4%) of 806 were found to have antibodies to the pathogen of West Nile fever (in 35 (4.3%) – IgM, in 105 (13.0%) – IgG), in 7 (2.2%) of 319 – to the Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus (in 4 (1.3%) – IgM, in 3 (0.9%) –IgG), and in 7 (2.9%) of 240 – IgG to the viruses of the California serogroup. Specific antibodies against viruses of Sindbis, Batai and Uukuniemi in the samples was not detected. The largest number of positive samples with the presence of IgG and IgM to the West Nile virus was found among residents of Volgograd (61 out of 240, 25.4%) and Volzhsky (25 out of 100, 25, 0%). Among 44 blood serums of febrile patients, 1 sample (2.3%) was found to contain an antigen of the Sindbis virus, and 2 samples (4.5%) – antigens California serogroup viruses. Specific immunoglobulins against West Nile virus were detected in 84 (28%) of 300 blood serums of farm animals (horses). In the study of 94 samples of field material (blood-sucking mosquitoes), West Nile virus antigen was detected in 14 (14.9%), Sindbis virus – in one sample (1.0%), Batai virus – in four samples (4.2%).

 Conclusions: the obtained results, along with the circulation of West Nile virus and Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus virus in the Volgograd region, indicate the presence of Sindbis, Batai and California serogroup viruses and necessitate further study of their role in the infectious pathology of the population.

1. Pfeffer M, Dobler G Emergence of zoonotic arboviruses by animal trade and migration. Parasites Vectors. 2010;3(1):35–49. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-3-35.

2. Karabatsos N. Supplement to International Catalogue of Arboviruses including certain other viruses of vertebrates. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 1978;27(2):372–372.

3. Young PR, Ng LFP, Hall RA, et al. 14–Arbovirus infection. In: Farrar J., Hotez P.J., Junghanss T., editors. Manson’s Tropical Diseases, 23rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2013. P. 129–161. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-5101-2.00015-7

4. Lvov DK, Deryabin PG, Aristova VA Atlas rasprostraneniya vozbuditeley prirodno-ochagovykh virusnykh infektsiy na territorii Rossiyskoy Federatsii. M.: NPTS TMG Minzdrava RF, 2001 (in Russ).

5. Lvov DK, Kovtunov AI, Yashkulov KВ, et al. The specificity of circulation of West Nile virus (Flaviviridae, Flavirus) and of some other arboviruses in the ecosystems of Volga delta, Volga-Akhtuba flood-lands and adjoining arid regions (2000–2002). Voprosy virusologii. 2004;3:45–51 (in Russ).

6. Putintseva EV, Alekseychik IO, Chesnokova SN, et al. Results of the West Nile Fever Agent Monitoring in the Russian Federation in 2019 and the Forecast of Epidemic Situation Development in 2020 Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections. 2020;(1):51–60 (in Russ). doi:10.21055/0370-1069-2020-1-51-60.

7. Kulichenko AN, Prislegina DA Climatic prerequisites for changing activity in the natural Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever focus in the South of the Russian Federation. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2019;9(1):162–172 (In Russ.). doi:10.15789/2220-7619-2019-1-162-172.

8. Galimzyanov KhM, Vasilkova VV, Kantemirova BI, et al. Arbovirus mosquito infections. Infectious diseases: News, Opinions, Training. 2016;4(17):29–37 (in Russ).

9. Lobanov AN, Savchenko ST, Rusakova NV, et al. Epidemiologicheskiye aspekty tsirkulyatsii nekotorykh arbovirusov na territorii Volgogradskoy oblasti. Materialy rasshirennogo plenuma problemnoy komissii «Arbovirusy» i nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Arbovirusy i arbovirusnyye infektsii»; 17–20 Oktyabrya 2006. Astrakhan’. Arbovirusy i arbovirusnyye infektsii. M.: 2007; 158–160 (in Russ).

10. Molchanova EV, Luchinin DN, Negodenko AO, et al. Monitoring studies of arbovirus infections transmitted by mosquitoes on the territory of the Volgograd region. Public Health and Life Environment. 2019;6(315):60–66 (in Russ). doi:10.35627/2219-5238/2019-315-6-60-66.

11. Negodenko AО, Luchinin DN, Konovalov PS,, et al. A screening for serum markers of arbovirus infections in healthy blood donors from the Volgograd Region. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2019;9(5-6):743–749 (In Russ.). doi:10.15789/2220-7619-2019-5-6-743-749.

12. Shcherbakova SA, Naidenova EV, Bil`ko EA, et al. Detection of Specific Antibodies to Arboviruses in Blood Sera of People Living in the Territory of the Saratov Region. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections. 2011;(2(108)):72–74 (In Russ.). doi:10.21055/0370-1069-2011-2(108)-72-74.

13. Monastyrskiy MV, Shestopalov NV, Akimkin VG, et al. Opyt osushchestvleniya epidemiologicheskogo nadzora za likhoradkoy Zapadnogo Nila na territorii Volgogradskoy oblasti. Epidemiologiya i infektsionnyye bolezni. 2015;20(1):49–55 (in Russ).

14. Drefs NM, Antonov VA, Barkova IA, et al. Comparative characteristics of test kits designed to detect immunoglobulins to the West Nile fever agent Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta. 2012;2(42):36–38 (in Russ).

15. Sanchini А, Donoso-Mantke О, Papa А, et al. Second international diagnostic accuracy study for the serological detection of West Nile virus infection. PLOS Neglected Tropical Disease. 2013;7(4):e2184. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002184.

16. Prometnoy VI, Vodyanitskaya SYU, Verkina LM. Differentsial›naya serologicheskaya diagnostika kleshchevogo virusnogo entsefalita i likhoradki Zapadnogo Nila na territorii Rostovskoy oblasti. Natsional›nyye prioritety Rossii. 2011;2(5):83–84 (in Russ).

17. Drefs NM, Antonov VA, Barkova IA, et al. The optimization of algorithm of laboratory diagnostic of Western Nile fever in territory of Russia. Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics. 2013;5:50–54 (in Russ).

18. Noskov AK, Nikitin AY, Andaev EI, et al. Tick-borne virus encephalitis in the Russian Federation: features of epidemic process in steady morbidity decrease period. Epidemiological condition in 2016 and the forecast for 2017. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections. 2017;(1):37–43 (In Russ.). doi:10.21055/0370-1069-2017-1-37-43.

19. Volynkina AS, Kotenev ES, Maletskaya OV, et al. Epidemiological Situation on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2019 and Forecast for 2020. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections. 2020;(1):14–20 (In Russ.). doi:10.21055/0370-1069-2020-1-14-20.

20. Vasilenko NF, Maletskaya OV, Yermakov AV, et al. Serologicheskiy monitoring arbovirusnykh infektsiy na territorii Stavropol’skogo kraya. Meditsinskiy vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza. 2013. T.8 №1. S. 70–72 (in Russ).

21. Lvov DK, Klimenko SM, Gaydamovich SYA Arbovirusy i arbovirusnyye infektsii. M.: Meditsina. 1989 (in Russ).

22. Levkovich YeN, Karpovich LG, Zasukhina GD Genetika i evolyutsiya arbovirusov. M.: Meditsina. 1971 (in Russ).