Тяжелая лихорадка с тромбоцитопеническим синдромом: современная эпидемиологическая ситуация

Актуальность. Тяжелая лихорадка с тромбоцитопеническим синдромом (severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS)) – вирусное заболевание, характеризующееся острой лихорадкой, сопровождающееся прогрессирующей тромбоцитопенией, лейкопенией и высокой летальностью (до 30%). Заболевание впервые было выявлено в 2009 г. в сельских районах центрального Китая – Хубэй и Хэнань. Возбудителем болезни является новый вирус, получивший название вирус тяжелой лихорадки с тромбоцитопеническим синдромом (severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV)). SFTSV передается в основном через укусы клещей, особенно Haemaphysalis longicornis, который является доминирующим видом клещей в Восточной Азии.

Цель – анализ актуальной информации о тяжелой лихорадке с тромбоцитопеническим синдромом, включая молекулярно- генетическую характеристику возбудителя, клинические проявления, географическое распространение, эпидемиологические особенности, а также возможность завоза и распространения инфекции на территории Российской Федерации.

Выводы. SFTS является серьезной проблемой здравоохранения, так как относится к новым и возвращающимся инфекциям. Дальней- шее распространение SFTS в Китае может осложнить эпидемиологическую ситуацию в стране. SFTSV может иметь гораздо более широкое распространение в Юго-Восточной Азии, чем известно сейчас. Прогнозируется риск распространения клещей H. longicornis на северо-востоке США, в Новую Зеландию, некоторые части Австралии и на несколько островов Тихого океана. Наличие переносчика H. longicornis на территории Приморского края на Дальнем Востоке свидетельствует о возможном риске формирования природного очага в случае интродукции возбудителя.

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