Assessment of the Coverage and Timeliness of Immunization against Selected Vaccine-Preventable Infections in Children in Russia in 2019–2022

Relevance. Currently, the incidence of vaccine-controlled infections tends to increase. Despite the fact that some of them are not registered at all, the situation remains unstable and tense. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure. The effectiveness of immunization mainly depends on achieving the necessary vaccination coverage and meeting the deadlines for their implementation. Aim. Assess the coverage of vaccination and revaccination against diphtheria, pertussis, measles, rubella and mumps in the period from 2019 to 2022. on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as to analyze these indicators for 2022, including the timeliness of immunization within the framework of the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations.
Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the state of vaccination coverage, revaccination and the timeliness of their implementation was carried out. Data from the Federal statistical observation form No. 6 «Information on the populations of children and adults vaccinated against infectious diseases» for 2019–2022 were used.
Results. Vaccination coverage against diphtheria and pertussis at the age of 0–1 years in the Russian Federation from 2020 is only 47.31% and 45.97% respectively. Of these, 89.31% were vaccinated against diphtheria at the age of 6 months - 11 months, 29 days, and 88,65% against whooping cough. The timeliness of vaccination against these infections is achieved only by 12 months: about 97% have been vaccinated by this age. The average levels of vaccination coverage against measles, rubella and mumps in 1 years – 1 years, 11 months, 29 days were 96,47%, 96,42% and 96,46%, respectively. The rate of timely immunization reaches 97% only by 24 months. RV1 coverage in the age group of 1 years – 1 years, 11 months, 29 days is 50.87% against diphtheria and 50.67% against pertussis, in the group of 2 years – 2 years, 11 months, 29 days – 96,38% and 96,17%, respectively. 96% were vaccinated in a timely manner by 24 months. Coverage of the second revaccination against diphtheria at the age of 6 years – 6 years, 11 months, 29 days, is on average 54.37%, in the age group of 7 years – 7 years, 11 months, 29 days – 95.88%. Coverage of RV3 at the age of 14 years – 14 years, 11 months, 29 days – 95.53%, and RV4 in the age groups of 18 years – 35 years, 11 months, 29 days, 36 years – 59 years, 11 months, 29 days, and 60 years and older in 2022, amounted to 71.2%, 78.3% and 73.9%, respectively. The coverage of revaccination against measles, rubella and mumps in 6 years – 6 years,11 months, 29 days, amounted to 96,06%, 96,02% and 96,04% respectively.
Conclusion. The analysis showed that vaccination is carried out much later than the deadlines set by the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations. Vaccination and revaccination coverage against diphtheria and pertussis, measles, rubella and mumps does not reach the required level of 95% in all regions, which poses a threat to the epidemiological well-being of the population. It should be noted that measles vaccination coverage does not reach 98%, thus conditions for its elimination are not created. In 2020, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, rubella and mumps saw a decrease in vaccination and revaccination coverage due to the epidemic of COVID-19, but by 2022 coverage still did not reach the values of 2019.

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