Analysis of Efficacy of Vaccination of Rotavirus Infection of the Republic of Buryatia

Relevance. Rotavirus infection dominates in the structure of acute intestinal infections and is the leading cause of mortality from diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in the world. Despite existing preventive measures, vaccination is recognized as one of the most effective measures to reduce morbidity and mortality from RVI. Vaccination coverage in the Russian Federation as a whole has remained extremely low in recent years to influence the epidemic process.
Goal. Тo assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the regional program of vaccination of children in the first year of life of the Republic of Buryatia against RVI.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the accounting and reporting documentation of the Infectious Diseases Hospital was carried out according to the data of forms 5 and 6 of the URPN for the Republic of Buryatia. The incidence data for 2014–2024, as well as vaccination data for 2020-2024 were studied.
Results. During the observation period from 2014 to 2024, there is a decrease in the incidence of acute intestinal infections, rotavirus infection (by 57 %) in the Republic of Buryatia; a decrease in the proportion of rotavirus infection in general and in the group of children from 0 to 2 years old (inclusive) in the structure of acute intestinal infection of established etiology, at the same time, the proportion of RVI among acute intestinal infections of established etiology (AIIEE) in children 3-6 years old, especially in the group of organized preschoolers, is growing. In the structure of RVI cases, there was a gradual shift in the proportion of cases among children from 0 to 2 years old (inclusive) to older age groups: from 3 to 14 years (inclusive) and adults. Vaccination of RVI at the regional level has been carried out since 2021 with a gradual increase in coverage from 17 % to 78 % in 2021–2024, respectively. With an increase in vaccination coverage of more than 70 % (in 2023–2024), there is a sharp decrease in the number of cases in two groups – 0–1 years and 1–2 years and with a continuing trend of an increase in the number of cases in the group of 3 to 6 years old children according to the analysis of 2024 data. Among hospitalized children from 0 to 6 years of age, 3.6 % were vaccinated against RVI, including 2.8 % who received a full course of vaccination. All vaccinated children had a mild course of the disease, with or without subfebrile fever, with bed days ranging from 4 to 6 days.
Conclusions. The data obtained demonstrate the high efficiency of the regional vaccine prophylaxis program with a significant impact on the rates of hospitalization of children and adults with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis (ARRGE) and confirmed the importance of a regional approach to vaccine prevention of this controlled infection. The experience of application of the regional program of vaccine prevention of rotavirus infection in the Republic of Buryatia with vaccination coverage of 78 % is considered as positive and can be recommended for implementation in other regions of the Russian Federation in order to reduce morbidity and hospitalization of children with RVI.

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