Assessment of the Point Prevalence of Main Dental Diseases among the Population of Krasnoselkupsky District of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The study of the prevalence of dental pathology among small indigenous populations in the North is important for assessing the impact of dramatic social changes and shifts in traditional lifestyles on their health risks. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of significant dental diseases and conditions among the indigenous and non-indigenous populations of the Krasnoselkupsky District of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Materials and methods. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted to assess the prevalence of major dental diseases and possible risk factors for their development in the Krasnoselkupsky District of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. A dental examination was conducted on 400 individuals, and an anonymous survey was carried out with 121 respondents aged 18 to 76 years to collect information on the prevalence of risk factors for dental diseases and self-assessment of dental status.

Results and discussion. The point prevalence index of caries among the surveyed residents of the Krasnoselkupsky district was 97.3 per 100 people surveyed [95 % CI 95.1–98.5], compared to 96.1 per 100 people surveyed [95 % CI 91.8 –98.0] among the Selkups, and 98.0 per 100 people surveyed [95 % CI 95.3 –99.1] among local residents who do not represent this ethnic group. The  DMFCSR-index in the studied population group was 12.51 ± 0.93, indicating an average level of carious lesion intensity. The incidence of inflammatory periodontal tissue diseases was 59.5 per 100 examined (95 % CI 54.6–64.2). The prevalence rate for the nonindigenous population significantly exceeded that for the rural population (73.5 [95 % CI 67.6–78.6] versus 37.4 [95 % CI 30.2–45.3]). The survey results indicate that a low proportion of people consume potentially caries-causing products (59.5 % of respondents do not consume soda drinks).

Conclusion.  The study showed that caries and inflammatory periodontal diseases were less prevalent and less intense among the Selkup people than among the non-indigenous population of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. We assume that this difference is largely due to the Selkups' diet, which is characterised by relatively low consumption of carbonated drinks. Further epidemiological research is required to study the socio-cultural, microbiological and genetic factors influencing the manifestation of dental diseases among the Selkups, as well as to monitor the risk factors of this pathology.

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