The article presents historical aspects of the development of epidemiological surveillance in the world and in the Russian Federation. The contribution of outstanding researchers to the development of theoretical bases for epidemiological surveillance of infectious and parasitic diseases is shown. The directions of improving epidemiological surveillance in modern conditions are considered in connection with the trends in the development of the epidemic situation, the emergence of «new» and the return of «old» infections, the rapid development of means and diagnostic methods, as well as taking into account the existing limitations.

Analysis of the situation for influenza in the world are drawn according to data published on the websites of the WHO, and the epidemic 2016 - 2017 in Russia - database «Research Influenza Institute» on the weekly morbidity, hospitalization, deaths from influenza in 61 observed the city. The influenza epidemic 2016 - 2017 started early, the duration of its in cities and in the country was longer and higher was the incidence of influenza and ARI in the cities and in the country than in the epidemic 2015 - 2016. But the epidemic of influenza A(H3N2) 2016 - 2017 there was less incidence morbidity at the peak, the frequency of hospitalization and, especially, mortality from influenza in the total population by 20 times, and in all age groups, especially among persons older than 65 years by 17.5 times, compared to the epidemic 2015 - 2016, caused by the pandemic virus influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. The peculiarities of the epidemic 2016 -17 according to the Federal districts, first of all, the absence of a second rise in the incidence of influenza in the South of Russia. The intensity of the epidemics of influenza A(H3N2) seasons 2016 - 17 and 2014 - 2015 - was average, and the epidemic A(H1N1) pdm09 2015 - 2016 - high. The case fatality rate in epidemics involving the influenza A(H3N2) remains significantly lower than in the epidemic caused by the pandemic virus influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.

With the aim to increase the coverage of preventive vaccinations of the adult population of Moscow against influenza in the epidemic season of2016 - 2017 for the first time in Moscow there was organized the work of mobile vaccination centers on the basis of sanitary transport in the places of mass concentration of people. Since the 5th of September to the 1st of november 2016 in walking distance from 24 metro stations and the railway station Krukovo (administrative district - Zelenograd) were working vaccination points equipped with the account of sanitary and anti-epidemic requirements and providing conditions for the safety of immunization. The new approach to the vaccination against influenza allowed to increase the availability of vaccination services for the population, to cover a hard-to-reach group of employed working residents of Moscow and also to implement a new method of public health education in the area of adherence to influenza vaccination.

Research objective. During identification and the analysis of clinical and epidemiological features of streptococcal tonsillitis in organized collectives to develop definition of a standard case of streptococcal tonsillitis. Materials and methods. In the course of work with use of clinical and epidemiological and statistical methods of a research on the basis of274 cases of acute streptococcal tonsillitis at adults from organized collectives features of clinic, diagnostics and assistance at this disease are analysed. Results. Clinical laboratory and epidemiological features of streptococcal tonsillitis at the military personnel are established and standard definition of a case of the specified disease is developed. Conclusion. The standard definition of a case of streptococcal tonsillitis based on set of epidemiological and clinical laboratory data will allow to establish the diagnosis with a larger share of probability and will promote the fastest localization and elimination of the epidemic center, especially at seasonal raising of a case rate flu and other acute respiratory infections in the conditions of the intensive entering flow of infectious patients. Characteristic of a course of streptococcal tonsillitis at patients was insignificant aberrations of indicators of a peripheric blood.

Introduction. The invasive meningococcal disease (meningitis and/or septicemia) is actual problem of public health in Russia. Neisseria meningitidis isolates are classified into serogroups, PorA/FetA VRs, sequence types and clonal complexes. The growth of the invasive forms of meningococcal infection caused by isolates with «W: P1.5,2: F1-1: ST-11 (cc11)» profile requires attention for extended genotyping because the discriminating ability of classical MLST and antigens typing does not allow to answer the question about genetic and antigenic features of the pathogens and their epidemic potential. Materials and Methods. Four N. meningitidis serogroup W isolates associated with invasive meningococcal disease in Moscow (Russia) were characterized by next-generation sequencing. Three isolates were sequenced directly from cerebrospinal fluid samples and one -as a bacterial culture. All isolates were characterized earlier and the data were published in the PubMLST data base (id38565, id38573, id50225 and id50241). Genomic DNA was sequenced on Illumina MiSeq instrument. Results and Discussion. Obtained sequences allowed us to characterize four meningococci isolates for more than 1400 loci from the core genome MLST scheme. We have analyzed the core genome MLST scheme information about surface-antigen coding sequences. Housekeeping genes sequences were used to determine eMLST profile, ribosomal protein genes and some antibiotic resistance associated genes. We have characterized some ribosomal protein genes and antibiotic resistance associated genes. Based on eMLST profiles we noticed that there are at list two clones of N. meningitidis serogroup W inside complex ST-11/ET-37 clonal complex circulating in Moscow during 2016. An eMLST profile of isolates id50225 and id50241 differs in 3 loci out of 20. Application of the approach based on next-generation sequencing in routine epidemiological surveillance dramatically increases the amount of data and genotyping discriminating ability.

On the basis of the literature review and own authors' researches, the results of assessment of safety and immunogenicity of native immunobiological medicinal preparations (hepatitis B vaccines «Combiotex», the combined vaccines Bubo-M and Bubo-Kok) in immunization of children and adults according to the National Immunizations Schedule and also medical workers for ensuring epidemic safety in the medical organizations are presented in this article. The prospects of native vaccines using in system of urgent actions for elimination of hepatitis B are defined.

The article presents the results of vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B virus with the use of combined vaccine Bubo-M or a monovalent vaccine Hepatitis B in 120 patients with severe and medium chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 77 healthy people at the age 35 - 60 years. The lack of protective antibodies to diphtheria in patients with COPD was noted. The safety of immunization and the delayed production of post-vaccination antibodies to these infections were shown. The level of post-vaccination antibodies was the same as in healthy group after the administration of 3-rd dose both of the monovaccine and the combined one. During the year a clinical effect in reducing the number of exacerbations of the disease after a triple injection of the combined Bubo-M vaccine in patients with COPD was observed, comparable to that in patients with the combined use of the immunomodulator and hepatitis B vaccine. Moreover combined vaccination with immunomodulator led to normalization of level of the inflammatory mediators. Conclusion: Vaccination of patients with COPD with the use of the combined vaccine Bubo-M has both an advantages in clinical effect and the spectrum of anti-infection protection in comparison with the monovaccine against hepatitis

The results of specific immunization of hospital health workers with domestic hepatitis B «Combiotech» vaccine indicate its high immunological and epidemiological efficiency. Protective level of collective immunity was established during surveillance according to the standard vaccination scheme, and epidemiological protectability over a period of the emergency vaccination scheme with the threat of professional infection. The marked lack of hepatitis B cases among vaccinated persons when carrying out immunization according to standard and emergency schemes as well as a significant reduction of the morbidity of medical staff of various clinical forms of the infection got registered. Use of domestic preparation taking into account two serotypes of ayw and adw which are contained in vaccines against hepatitis B is advisable.

Accumulation of escape mutants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) occur in the many countries at the conditions of wide-scale vaccination against hepatitis B, especially among vaccinated children. The real prevalence of such mutants is underestimated and the capacity of current vaccines to provide cross-immunity against G145R mutant is almost completely absent. The potential for spread of mutant virus strains accumulates. Consequently, a question about the need to change the design of vaccines arises with the purpose of expansion of their action spectrum. An approach of inclusion pre-S epitopes into vaccines has own advantages in fight with escape mutants, but some researchers suggest that the inclusion of modificated a-determinant capable to induce neutralizing antibodies specific to escape mutants into vaccine composition is more preferable. Nevertheless, modification of antigen components of vaccines has certain difficulties related to evaluation of the accuracy of folding of recombinant proteins and their conformity to natural analogues. A recently proposed method for selecting of recombinant antigens possessing the necessary properties likely allows to overcome existing problems. However, apparently, due to the features of species immunity to HBsAg and the limitations of using the chimpanzee model for testing of hepatitis B vaccines, the final answer to this question can only be obtained after clinical studies.

The problem of the discrepancy between serotypes of the circulating strains of hepatitis B virus and serotype of the HBsAg in the vaccine is discussed. The results of published scientific studies show that hepatitis B vaccines containing HBsAg serotype ad provide good, but not optimal, protection against heterologous serotypes of the virus. The authors conclude that the use of vaccines containing HBsAg serotype typical for given territory is a priority. Further in-depth studies on this issue are needed to clarify the available scientific evidence.

Here we discuss the recent trends in developing surgical technologies, their impact on the incidence of healthcare associated infections (HAIs), and approaches for the efficient infection control. Features of the contemporary surgery include permanent increase in the number of minimally invasive interventions, implants, and transplants, ongoing development of surgical equipment, and constant improvement in anesthesiology techniques, along with the decrease in use of natural suture materials and length of hospital stay all resulting in a significant decline in the incidence of HAIs. Perioperative use of antimicrobial agents, refusal of preoperative shaving, implementation of barrier methods, and improvement in sterilization also contributed to this trend. However, the risk of severe complications significantly increased, and the multidrug-resistant microorganisms became widespread. Currently, permanent monitoring and risk assessment are the main approaches to overcome these problems.

Introduction. The main aim of the study is to identify the territories in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the categories of residents at high risk of HFRS infection for determining the directions of preventive measures. Materials and methods. Analyzed and synthesized have been the long-term data from the Service of Surveillance on Consumer¹ Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing Administration in the Republic of Bashkortostan on the HFRS incidence in 54 administrative districts. Results and discussion. Identified have been administrative districts with high, medium, and low risk of exposure to HFRS during. It is established that 85.2% of infections, registered at that time in Bashkortostan, occurred in the natural HFRS focus in the forest-steppe landscape-geographical zone. The urban/rural differential ratio in the natural foci in the forest-steppe area was 61.2% and 38.8%, respectively; in the forest zone -19.2% and 80.8%; while in the steppe - 2.2% and 97.8%. Conclusions. In order to decrease the level of HFRS morbidity in the territory of Bashkortostan, it is necessary to considerably expand the scope and augment the intensity of preventive activities in the areas of high risk of exposure, first and foremost, in Ufa city and Ufa Region, Tuimazinsky region (Oktyarsky and Tuimazy cities), Kumertau, Birsk, and Sterlitamak cities.

The aim of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the main epidemiological indicators that characterize the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the Omsk Region from 2001 to 2015. Material and methods. For the analysis were used for reporting forms: № 8 («Information on active tuberculosis», № 33 («Information on tuberculosis patients»), № 61 («Information on contingents of patients with HIV infection»). The statistical processing was carried out with the help of the Microsoft Excel software package, applied the method of analyzing the dynamic series with the calculation of the rates of growth/decrease in epidemiological indicators and the determination of the average geometric index for aligned series, regression analysis. Results. It has been established that in 2009 in the Omsk Region, the main indicators that characterize the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis have decreased: morbidity (by 25.4%), prevalence (by 55.5%), mortality (by 53.1%). At the same time, there was an increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant disease, an increase in the incidence of HIV infection and HIV-associated tuberculosis. Conclusions. The obtained results allow to assume the possibility of developing a new period of worsening of the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis, characterized by high mortality and a further growth of the reservoir of infection in the region.

The incidence of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the Republic of Dagestan in 2015 was higher than in the Russian Federation as whole, 4.6 times. In the structure of the AII of the revealed etiology, Shigellosis plays a predominant role. The article analyzes the outbreak of shigellosis, registered in 2016 in Makhachkala

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination children with hemoblastosis. It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.